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A reinforcement learning approach for thermostat setpoint preference learning

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 131-146页

作者： Hussein Elehwany Mohamed Ouf Burak Gunay Nunzio Cotrufo Jean-Simon Venne Department of Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada Departmentof Building Civiland Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealCanada BrainBox Al Inc. MontrealCanada

Occupant-centric controls(OcC)is an indoor climate control approach whereby occupant feedback is used in the sequence of operation of building energy *** OcC has been used in a wide range of building applications,an OcC category that has received considerable research interest is learning occupants'thermal preferences through their thermostat interactions and adapting temperature setpoints *** recent studies used reinforcement learning(RL)as an agent for OcC to optimize energy use and occupant *** studies depended on predicted mean vote(PMV)models or constant comfort ranges to represent comfort,while only few of them used thermostat *** paper addresses this gap by introducing a new off-policy reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm that imitates the occupant behaviour by utilizing unsolicited occupant thermostat *** algorithm is tested with a number of synthetically generated occupant behaviour models implemented via the Python APl of *** simulation results indicate that the RL algorithm could rapidly learn preferences for all tested occupant behaviour scenarios with minimal exploration *** substantial energy savings were observed with most occupant scenarios,the impact on the energy savings varied depending on occupants'preferences and thermostat use behaviour stochasticity.

关键词： reinforcement learning preference learning occupant-centric controls smart thermostats off-policy learning

Active self-training for weakly supervised 3D scene semantic segmentation

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 425-438页

作者： Gengxin Liu Oliver van Kaick Hui Huang Ruizhen Hu College of Computer Science&Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Computer Science Carleton UniversityOttawa K1S 5B6Canada

Since the preparation of labeled datafor training semantic segmentation networks of pointclouds is a time-consuming process, weakly supervisedapproaches have been introduced to learn fromonly a small fraction of data. These methods aretypically based on learning with contrastive losses whileautomatically deriving per-point pseudo-labels from asparse set of user-annotated labels. In this paper, ourkey observation is that the selection of which samplesto annotate is as important as how these samplesare used for training. Thus, we introduce a methodfor weakly supervised segmentation of 3D scenes thatcombines self-training with active learning. Activelearning selects points for annotation that are likelyto result in improvements to the trained model, whileself-training makes efficient use of the user-providedlabels for learning the model. We demonstrate thatour approach leads to an effective method that providesimprovements in scene segmentation over previouswork and baselines, while requiring only a few userannotations.

关键词： semantic segmentation weakly supervised self-training active learning

Exploring Variational Auto-encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AI

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 29-45页

作者： Nick Bryan-Kinns Bingyuan Zhang Songyan Zhao Berker Banar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Computer Science Department Carleton CollegeNorthfield MN 55057USA

Generative AI models for music and the arts in general are increasingly complex and hard to *** field of ex-plainable AI(XAI)seeks to make complex and opaque AI models such as neural networks more understandable to *** ap-proach to making generative AI models more understandable is to impose a small number of semantically meaningful attributes on gen-erative AI *** paper contributes a systematic examination of the impact that different combinations of variational auto-en-coder models(measureVAE and adversarialVAE),configurations of latent space in the AI model(from 4 to 256 latent dimensions),and training datasets(Irish folk,Turkish folk,classical,and pop)have on music generation performance when 2 or 4 meaningful musical at-tributes are imposed on the generative *** date,there have been no systematic comparisons of such models at this level of com-binatorial *** findings show that measureVAE has better reconstruction performance than adversarialVAE which has better musical attribute *** demonstrate that measureVAE was able to generate music across music genres with inter-pretable musical dimensions of control,and performs best with low complexity music such as pop and *** recommend that a 32 or 64 latent dimensional space is optimal for 4 regularised dimensions when using measureVAE to generate music across *** res-ults are the first detailed comparisons of configurations of state-of-the-art generative AI models for music and can be used to help select and configure AI models,musical features,and datasets for more understandable generation of music.

关键词： Variational auto-encoder explainable AI(XAI) generative music musical features datasets

Event-Triggered Fixed-Time Consensus of Second-Order Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems with Delay and Switching Topologies

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2024年第4期29卷 625-639页

作者： XING Youjing GAO Jinfeng LIU Xiaoping WU Ping School of Information Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaK1S 5B6Canada

To address fixed-time consensus problems of a class of leader-follower second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with uncertain external disturbances,the event-triggered fixed-time consensus protocol is ***,the virtual velocity is designed based on the backstepping control method to achieve the system consensus and the bound on convergence time only depending on the system ***,an event-triggered mechanism is presented to solve the problem of frequent communication between agents,and triggered condition based on state information is given for each *** is available to save communication resources,and the Zeno behaviors are ***,the delay and switching topologies of the system are also ***,the system stabilization is analyzed by Lyapunov stability ***,simulation results demonstrate the validity of the presented method.

关键词： event-triggered mechanism fixed-time consensus multi-agent systems switching topologies

Impact of increasing one-carbon metabolites on traumatic brain injury outcome using pre-clinical models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1728-1733页

作者： Sanika M.Joshi Theresa Currier Thomas Nafisa M.Jadavji College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Child Health College of Medicine–PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixAZUSA College of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Neuroscience Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada

Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals ***-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemic ***,whether increasing one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more *** aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain ***,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury *** search terms included combinations of the following words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and *** focus of each literature search was basic science *** year of publication in the literature searches was not *** analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has significantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to *** r,this improvement is dosage-dependent and is contingent upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain *** details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further ***,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cognitive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model *** investigation in a clinical setting should be stro ngly considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.

关键词： folic acid nicotinamide one-carbon metabolism riboflavin traumatic brain injury vitamin B12 vitamin B2 vitamin B3

Surviving winter on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau:Extensive reversible protein phosphorylation plays a dominant role in regulating hypometabolism in hibernating Nanorana parkeri

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 1-12页

作者： Yong-Gang Niu Deng-Bang Wei Xue-Jing Zhang Ti-Sen Xu Xiang-Yong Li Hai-Ying Zhang Zhi-Fang An Kenneth B.Storey Qiang Chen Department of Life Sciences Dezhou UniversityDezhouShandong 253023China State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXiningQinghai 810016China School of Life Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Department of Biology Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada

Changes in protein abundance and reversible protein phosphorylation(RPP)play important roles in regulating hypometabolism but have never been documented in overwintering frogs at high *** test the hypothesis that protein abundance and phosphorylation change in response to winter hibernation,we conducted a comprehensive and quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of the liver of the Xizang plateau frog,Nanorana parkeri,living on the Qinghai-Xizang *** total,5170 proteins and 5695 phosphorylation sites in 1938 proteins were *** on proteomic analysis,674 differentially expressed proteins(438 up-regulated,236 down-regulated)were screened in hibernating *** versus summer *** enrichment analysis revealed that higher expressed proteins in winter were significantly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways,whereas lower expressed proteins were mainly involved in metabolic processes.A total of 4251 modified sites(4147 up-regulated,104 down-regulated)belonging to 1638 phosphoproteins(1555 up-regulated,83 down-regulated)were significantly changed in the *** hibernation,RPP regulated a diverse array of proteins involved in multiple functions,including metabolic enzymatic activity,ion transport,protein turnover,signal transduction,and alternative *** changes contribute to enhancing protection,suppressing energy-consuming processes,and inducing metabolic ***,the activities of phosphofructokinase,glutamate dehydrogenase,and ATPase were all significantly lower in winter compared to *** conclusion,our results support the hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of RPP as a regulatory mechanism when animals transition into a hypometabolic state.

关键词： Nanorana parkeri Proteomic Phosphoproteomic Hibernation Reversible protein phosphorylation Metabolism

6G New Multiple Access Technology

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China Communications 2024年第1期21卷 I0002-I0005页

作者： Yifei Yuan Yongpeng Wu Lei Wang Zhifeng Yuan Wei Bai Yuanwei Liu Tsinghua university in China Carnegie Mellon university USA Wuhan university WuhanChina Southeast university NanjingChina carleton university OttawaONCanada Nanjing university of Post and Telecommunications Shanghai Jiaotong university ShanghaiChina the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London

As a basic technology at physical layer of mobile communications,non-orthogonal multiple access has been attracting wide attention across the academia and the *** the standardization of the fifth-generation(5G)of mobile communications,3GPP conducted preliminary study on non-orthogonal multiple access without reaching the consensus to standardize the technology.

关键词： technology Access attracting

CREEP OF A POLYCRYSTALLINE NEAR γ-TiAl Alloy WITH A LAMELLAR MICROSTRUCTURE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1996年第6期9卷 565-570页

作者： WR. Chen J.Triantafillou J. Beddoes and L. Zhao(Dept. of Mech. & Aero. Eng.,carleton university, Ottawa,Canada Structures, Materials & Propulsion Laboratory,National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada ) carleton univ Ottawa Canada

Creep of a polycrystalline near γ-TiAl alloy in two fully lamellar conditions is presented. A lamellar structure with fine interface spacing and planar grain boundaries provides improved creep resistance. The lamellar structure with wide interface spacing and interlocked grain boundaries has <1/2 the creep life, five times the minimum strain rate and greater tertiary *** strain is accommodated by dislocation motion in soft grains, but the strain rate is controlled by hard grains. The resistance to fracture is controlled by the grain boundary morphology, with planar boundaries causing intergranular *** maximize the creep resistance of near γ-TiAl with a lamellar microstructure requires narrow lamellar interface spacing and interlocked lamellae along grain boundaries.

关键词： creep,γ-TiAl titanium aluminides lamellar structure

Automated pebble mosaic stylization of images

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第1期5卷 33-44页

作者： Lars Doyle Forest Anderson Ehren Choy David Mould carleton university

Digital mosaics have usually used regular tiles, simulating historical tessellated mosaics. In this paper, we present a method for synthesizing pebble mosaics, a historical mosaic style in which the tiles are rounded pebbles. We address both the tiling problem,of distributing pebbles over the image plane so as to approximate the input image content, and the problem of geometry, creating a smooth rounded shape for each pebble. We adopt simple linear iterative clustering(SLIC)to obtain elongated tiles conforming to image content,and smooth the resulting irregular shapes into shapes resembling pebble cross-sections. Then, we create an interior and exterior contour for each pebble and solve a Laplace equation over the region between them to obtain height-field geometry. The resulting pebble set approximates the input image while representing full geometry that can be rendered and textured for a highly detailed representation of a pebble mosaic.

关键词： non-photorealistic rendering digital mosaics image stylization segmentation image processing