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Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Growth and Wood Formation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第1期52卷 17-27页

作者： Andrew Groover Institute of Forest genetics US Forest Service

Secondary growth and wood formation are products of the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem. Although the mechanisms have only recently begun to be uncovered, transcriptional regulation appears increasingly central to the regulation of secondary growth. The importance of transcriptional regulation is illustrated by the correlation of expression of specific classes of genes with related biological processes occurring at specific stages of secondary growth, including cell division, cell expansion, and cell differentiation. At the same time, transcription factors have been characterized that affect specific aspects of secondary growth, including regulation of the cambium and differentiation of cambial daughter cells. In the present review, we summarize evidence pointing to transcription as a major mechanism for regulation of secondary growth, and outline future approaches for comprehensively describing transcriptional networks underlying secondary growth.

关键词： gene Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Growth and Wood Formation

Migratory flight of insect pests within a year-round distribution: European corn borer as a case study

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1485-1505页

作者： Thomas W.Sappington Corn Insects and Crop genetics Research Unit Agricultural Research ServiceUSDA

Insect migratory flight differs fundamentally from most other kinds of flight behavior, in that it is non-appetitive. The adult is not searching for anything, and migratory flight is not terminated by encounters with potential resources. Many insect pests of agricultural crops are long-distance migrants, moving from lower latitudes where they overwinter to higher latitudes in the spring to exploit superabundant, but seasonally ephemeral, host crops. The migratory nature of these pests is somewhat easy to recognize because of their sudden appearance in areas where they had been absent only a day or two earlier. Many other serious pests survive hostile winter conditions by diapausing, and therefore do not require migration to move between overwintering and breeding ranges. Yet there is evidence of migratory behavior engaged in by several pest species that inhabit high latitudes year-round. In these cases, the consequences of migratory flight are not immediately noticeable at the population level, because migration takes place for the most part within their larger year-round distribution. Nevertheless, the potential population-level consequences can be quite important in the contexts of pest management and insect resistance management. As a case study, I review the evidence for migratory flight behavior by individual European corn borer adults, and discuss the importance of understanding it. The kind of migratory behavior posited for pest species inhabiting a permanent distribution may be more common than we realize.

关键词： migration dispersal flight movement ecology European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis

Altered histone retention and epigenetic modifications in the sperm of infertile men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 239-240页

作者： Rafael Oliva Josep Luis Ballesca genetics Unit Department of Physiological Sciences I University of Barcelona Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service and Andrology Unit Hospital Clinic 08036 Barcelona Spain

It is well know that the nuclei of spermatogenic cells experience one of the most extremely marked chromatin changes known in cells. At the end of spermatogenesis, the histones are removed in many species and the DNA ... 详细信息

关键词： sperm genetics Altered histone

Proteomics and the genetics of sperm chromatin condensation

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 24-30页

作者： Rafael Oliva Judit Castillo Human genetics Research Group IDI BAPS Department of Ciencias Fisiologicas I Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona 08036 Spain Biochemistry and Molecular genetics service Hospital Clinic i Provincial Barcelona 08036 Spain

Spermatogenesis involves extremely marked cellular, genetic and chromatin changes resulting in the generation of the highly specialized sperm cell. Proteomics allows the identification of the proteins that compose the spermatogenic cells and the study of their function. The recent developments in mass spectrometry （MS） have markedly increased the throughput to identify and to study the sperm proteins. Catalogs of thousands of testis and spermatozoan proteins in human and different model species are becoming available, setting up the basis for subsequent research, diagnostic applications and possibly the future development of specific treatments. The present review intends to summarize the key genetic and chromatin changes at the different stages of spermatogenesis and in the mature sperm cell and to comment on the presently available proteomic studies.

关键词： epigenetic imprinting protamine proteome spermatozoa

Experimental evidence of obesity as a risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5260-5265页

作者： Jean-Louis Frossard Pierre Lescuyer Catherine M Pastor service of Gastroenterology Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland Laboratory of pathophysiology and molecular imaging Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland service of genetics and Central Laboratory Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland

The incidence of acute pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, is increasing worldwide. Pancreatic injury is mild in 80%-90% of patients who recover without complications. The remaining patients may develop a severe disease with local complications such as acinar cell necrosis, abscess and remote organ injury including lung injury. The early prediction of the severity of the disease is an important goal for physicians in management of patients with acute pancreatitis in order to optimize the therapy and to prevent organ dysfunction and local complications. For that purpose, multiple clinical scale scores have been applied to patients with acute pancreatitis. Recently, a new problem has emerged： the increased severity of the disease in obese patients. However, the mechanisms by which obesity increases the severity of acute pancreatitis are unclear. Several hypotheses have been suggested：（1） obese patients have an increased inflammation within the pancreas; （2） obese patients have an increased accumulation of fat within and around the pancreas where necrosis is often located; （3） increase in both peri- and intra-pancreatic fat and inflammatory cells explain the high incidence of pancreatic inflammation and necrosis in obese patients; （4） hepatic dysfunction associated with obesity might enhance the systemic inflammatory response by altering the detoxiflcation of inflammatory mediators; and （5） ventilation/perfusion mismatch leading to hypoxia associated with a low pancreatic flow might reduce the pancreatic oxygenation and further enhance pancreatic injury. Recent experimental investigations also show an increased mortality and morbidity in obese rodents with acute pancreatitis and the implication of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Such models are important to investigate whether the inflammatory response of the disease is enhanced by obesity. It is exciting to speculate that manipulation of the adipokine milieu has the potential to influence the severi

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Obesity Adiponectin Leptin

Identification and Characterization of Reduced Epicuticular Wax Mutants in Rice

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Rice science 2015年第4期22卷 171-179页

作者： Thomas H.TAI United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research service Crops Pathology and Genetics Research UnitDepartment of Plant SciencesMail Stop 1University of California

Epicuticular wax forms the outermost protective barrier of the aerial surfaces of land plants, working in concert with other components of the plant cuticle to prevent uncontrolled loss of water and to provide protection against an array of external environmental stress. In this study, chemically- mutagenized populations of rice （Oryza sativa L.） derived from approximately 4 750 M2 families were screened for adhesion of water droplets resulting in a wet leaf/glossy （wig） phenotype. Mutants were identified in 11 independently-derived M2 families. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the association of the wig phenotype with changes in the epicuticular wax crystals of these plants. The phenotypes of five mutants （7-17A, 26.1, 524.2, 680.2, and 843.1） were confirmed to be the result of single recessive gene mutation. Evaluation of mutants from 3 （6-1A, 7-17A, and 11-39A） of 11 M2 families revealed significant reductions （〉 50%） in surface wax content and increases in cuticle membrane permeability.

关键词： chemical mutagenesis cuticle wax forward genetics membrane permeability rice scanning electron microscopy

An expedited method for isolation of DNA for PCR from Magnaporthe oryzae stored on filter paper

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The Crop Journal 2014年第5期2卷 267-271页

作者： Yulin Jia Yeshi A. Wamishe Bo Zhou USDA Agricultural Research service Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Service University of AR Cooperative Extension service Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology International Rice Research Institute

The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of a wide range of cereal diseases. For long-term preservation, the fungus is grown and stored desiccated on filter papers at –20 °*** filter papers are cut into pieces of 0.5–1.0 cm diameter prior to storage. In the present study, a fast(11 min) and simple method of preparing DNA suitable for amplifying avirulence genes of M. oryzae by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was developed. A piece of filter paper containing the fungus was removed from a glass bottle and placed in a 0.2 mL Eppendorf tube containing 100 μL 10 × TE. The suspension was heated for 10 min at 95 °C in a PCR machine. The tube was then centrifuged for 1 min at 3000 r min-1. One μL of 10 × TE solution containing DNA was used for PCR. A total of 28 samples were PCR tested. As a positive control, fungal DNA was extracted using a conventional DNA preparation method. DNA samples obtained from both methods were stored at 4 °C. PCR was performed with DNA on the preparation day and after 4, 8,10, and 18 days of refrigerated storage. In four samples, samples 12, 13, 14, and 28, AVR-Pi9 failed to be amplified. These four samples were tested with a different set of primers for AVR-Pi9, and for AVR-Pita1, confirming that the quality of the samples was insufficient for PCR. Overall, for nearly 90%(24/28) of the samples, the quality of the DNA prepared directly from the fungus on filter paper appeared suitable for a rapid survey of genetic identity of the rice blast fungus by *** method will be useful and effective for reducing cost and time and could readily be adopted worldwide for analysis of M. oryzae and possibly other fungi.

关键词： AVR-Pita1 Gene identification DNA extraction PCR Ten × TE

Immunological battlefield in gastric cancer and role of immunotherapies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第28期22卷 6373-6384页

作者： Minyu Wang Rita A Busuttil Sharon Pattison Paul J Neeson Alex Boussioutas cancer genetics and Genomics Laboratory Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne 3002 Victoria Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville 3050 Victoria Australia Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville 3050 Victoria Australia Department of Medicine Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin 9016 New Zealand Southern Blood and cancer service Southern District Health Board Dunedin 9054 New Zealand cancer Immunology Research Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne 3002 Victoria Australia Pathology Department University of Melbourne Parkville 3050 Victoria Australia

Like the wars predating the First World War where human foot soldiers were deemed tools in the battlefield against an enemy, so too are the host immune cells of a patient battling a malignant gastric cancer. Indeed, the tumour microenvironment resembles a battlefield, where the patient's immune cells are the defence against invading tumour cells. However, the relationship between different immune components of the host response to cancer is more complex than an "us against them" model. Components of the immune system inadvertently work against the interests of the host and become pro-tumourigenic while other components soldier on against the common enemy – the tumour cell.

关键词： Immune Gastric cancer Immune therapy Immunology Tumour microenvironment

Hepatoprotective effect of Opuntia dillenii seed oil on CCl_4 induced acute liver damage in rat

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第5期8卷 254-260页

作者： Mohamed Bouhrim Hayat Ouassou Mohamed Choukri Hassane Mekhfi Abderrahim Ziyyat Abdelkhaleq Legssyer Mohammed Aziz Mohamed Bnouham Laboratory of Physiology Genetics and EthnopharmacologyDepartment of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity Mohamed Ist Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Biochemistry Laboratory Central Laboratory Service-CHU

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Opuntia dillenii seed oil(ODSO)on CCl_4 provoked liver injury in ***:Animals were treated orally with ODSO at a concentration of 2 mL/kg,once daily for one week before the first intraperitoneal injection of CCl_4,and thereafter the administration of the oil was continued for 7 days until the introduction of the second injection of CCl_*** hours after the last dose of CCl_4,rats were sacrificed,and the relative liver weight,weight gain,alkaline phosphatase,aspartate amino transferase,alanine aminotransferase,direct bilirubin,total bilirubin,triglycerides,total cholesterol,very low density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,high density lipoprotein,plasmatic glucose,urea,creatinine,acid uric and malondialdehyde were ***:The significant increase was found in relative liver weight and plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate amino transferase,alkaline phosphatase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,triglycerides,very low-density lipoprotein,urea,uric acid and ***,the significant decrease was indicated in the weight gain and the level of glucose plasmatic,and high-density lipoprotein levels in CCl_4 produced liver injury in rats were re-established to normal levels when treated with ***,no change was observed in the total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein and creatinine in all ***:We conclude that the ODSO has a protective effect on CCl_4-mediated liver ***,we suggest its inclusion as a preventive control of liver disorders.

关键词： Opuntia dillenii seed oil Hepatotoxicity Carbon tetrachloride Biochemical parameters