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Are yarn quality prediction tools useful in the breeding of high yielding and better fibre quality cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)?

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Journal of Cotton Research 2023年第4期6卷 227-239页

作者： LIU Shiming GORDON Stuart STILLER Warwick CSIRO Agriculture and Food NarrabriNSW 2390Australia CSIRO Agriculture and Food WerribeeVIC 3030Australia

Results The population had large variations for lint yield,fibre properties,predicted yarn properties,and composite fibre quality values.Lint yield with all fibre quality traits was not correlated.When the selection was conducted first to keep those with improved fibre quality,and followed for high yields,a large proportion in the resultant populations was the same between selections based on Cottonspec predicted yarn quality and HVI-measured fibre properties.They both exceeded the selection based on FQI and Background The approach of directly testing yarn quality to define fibre quality breeding objectives and progress the selection is attractive but difficult when considering the need for time and labour.The question remains whether yarn prediction tools from textile research can serve as an alternative.In this study,using a dataset from three seasons of field testing recombinant inbred line population,Cottonspec,a software developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(csiro)for predicting ring spun yarn quality from fibre properties measured by High Volume Instrument(HVI),was used to select improved fibre quality and lint yield in the population.The population was derived from an advanced generation inter-crossing of four csiro conventional commercial varieties.The Cottonspec program was able to provide an integrated index of the fibre qualities affecting yarn properties.That was compared with selection based on HVI-measured fibre properties,and two composite fibre quality variables,namely,fibre quality index(FQI),and premium and discount(PD)points.The latter represents the net points of fibre length,strength,and micronaire based on the Premiums and Discounts Schedule used in the market while modified by the inclusion of elongation.PD points.Conclusions The population contained elite segregants with improved yield and fibre properties,and Cottonspec predicted yarn quality is useful to effectively capture these elites.There is a need to further develop yarn quality prediction too

关键词： Yield Fibre properties Fibre quality index Predictive yarn quality Cotton marketing Cotton breeding

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Deciphering cotton genomic variations for"genes to jeans"

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Molecular Plant 2023年第4期16卷 654-656页

作者： Qian-Hao Zhu CSIRO Agriculture and Food GPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia

Genomic variation includes inter-and intraspecific variation.The former is the genetic footprint of species speciation and domestication.The latter is the within-species variation caused by spontaneous mutation that has been maintained through natural and artificial selection.Characterizing interspecific genomic variations of a crop helps us to understand its genetic diversity and evolution trajectory.Deciphering intraspecific genomic variations and linking them to phenotypic outcomes sheds light on how natural and artificial selection has shaped the crop and provides targets for improving its performance through molecular breeding technologies.

关键词： breeding artificial linking

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Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 138-148页

作者： David M.Deery Greg J.Rebetzke Jose A.Jimenez-Berni Anthony G.Condon David J.Smith Kathryn M.Bechaz William D.Bovill CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Agriculture and Food YancoNSWAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries YancoNSWAustralia

Highly repeatable,nondestructive,and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass(AGB)and crop growth rate(CGR)are important for wheat improvement programs.This study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR:3D voxel index(3DVI)and 3D profile index(3DPI).Across three field experiments,contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture,several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to anthesis.Phenotypic correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant,ranging from 0.31(P<0:05)to 0.86(P<0:0001),providing confidence in the LiDAR indices as effective surrogates for AGB.The repeatability of the LiDAR biomass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB,particularly under water limitation.The correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between experiments.However,across all experiments,the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB,except for the 3DPI in the water-limited environment.In our experiments,the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB,both at discrete time points and when CGR was calculated.These findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR,as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR,for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.

关键词： Wheat Biomass LiDAR

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A Generic Model to Estimate Wheat LAI over Growing Season Regardless of the Soil-Type Background

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第2期5卷 333-352页

作者： Qiaomin Chen Bangyou Zheng Karine Chenu Scott C.Chapman School of agriculture and food Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia agriculture and food CSIROQueensland Bioscience PrecinctSt LuciaQLDAustralia The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationToowoombaQLDAustralia

It is valuable to develop a generic model that can accurately estimate the leaf area index(LAI)of wheat from unmanned aerial vehicle-based multispectral data for diverse soil backgrounds without any ground calibration.To achieve this objective,2 strategies were investigated to improve our existing random forest regression(RFR)model,which was trained with simulations from a radiative transfer model(PROSAIL).The 2 strategies consisted of(a)broadening the reflectance domain of soil background to generate training data and(b)finding an appropriate set of indicators(band reflectance and/or vegetation indices)as inputs of the RFR model.The RFR models were tested in diverse soils representing varying soil types in Australia.Simulation analysis indicated that adopting both strategies resulted in a generic model that can provide accurate estimation for wheat LAI and is resistant to changes in soil background.From validation on 2 years of field trials,this model achieved high prediction accuracy for LAI over the entire crop cycle(LAI up to 7 m^(2)m^(−2))(root mean square error(RMSE):0.23 to 0.89 m^(2)m^(−2)),including for sparse canopy(LAI less than 0.3 m^(2)m^(−2))grown on different soil types(RMSE:0.02 to 0.25 m^(2)m^(−2)).The model reliably captured the seasonal pattern of LAI dynamics for different treatments in terms of genotypes,plant densities,and water–nitrogen managements(correlation coefficient:0.82 to 0.98).With appropriate adaptations,this framework can be adjusted to any type of sensors to estimate various traits for various species(including but not limited to LAI of wheat)in associated disciplines,e.g.,crop breeding,precision agriculture,etc.

关键词： soil Wheat breeding

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Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第3期7卷 289-295页

作者： Enli WANG Di HE Zhigan ZHAO Chris J.SMITH Ben C.T.MACDONALD CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACT 2601Australia

Soils provide the structural support, water andnutrients for plants in nature and are considered to be thefoundation of agriculture production. Improving soilquality and soil health has been advocated as the goal ofsoil management toward sustainable agricultural intensifi-cation. There have been renewed efforts to define andquantify soil quality and soil health but establishing aconsensus on the key indicators remains difficult. It isargued that such difficulties are due to the former ways ofthinking in soil management which largely focus on soilproperties alone. A systems approach that treats soils as akey component of agricultural production systems ispromoted. It is argued that soil quality must be quantifiedin terms of crop productivity and impacts on ecosystemsservices that are also strongly driven by climate andmanagement interventions. A systems modeling approachcaptures the interactions among climate, soil, crops andmanagement, and their impacts on system performance,thus helping to quantify the value and quality of soils.Here, three examples are presented to demonstrate this. Inthis systems context, soil management must be an integralpart of systems management practices that also includemanaging the crops and cropping systems under specificclimatic conditions, with cognizance of future climatechange.

关键词： APSIM available water capacity nitrogen management soil functional properties soil health soil-plant modeling

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ROOT EXUDATES FROM CANOLA EXHIBIT BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION INHIBITION AND ARE EFFECTIVE IN INHIBITING AMMONIA OXIDATION IN SOIL

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 177-186页

作者： Cathryn A.O'SULLIVAN Elliott G.DUNCAN Margaret M.ROPER Alan E.RICHARDSON John A.KIRKEGAARD Mark B.PEOPLES csiro agriculture&food 306 Carmody RdSt LuciaQld 4067Australia csiro agriculture&food Private Bag 5WembleyWA 6913Australia MBS Environmental 4 Cook StreetWest PerthWA 6005Australia csiro agriculture&food GPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia

A range of plant species produce root exudates that inhibit ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms.This biological nitrification inhibition(BNI)capacity can decrease N loss and increase N uptake from the rhizosphere.This study sought evidence for the existence and magnitude of BNI capacity in canola(Brassica napus).Seedlings of three canola cultivars,Brachiaria humidicola(BNI positive)and wheat(Triticum aestivum)were grown in a hydroponic system.Root exudates were collected and their inhibition of the ammonia oxidizing bacterium,Nitrosospira multiformis,was tested.Subsequent pot experiments were used to test the inhibition of native nitrifying communities in soil.Root exudates from canola significantly reduced nitrification rates of both N.multiformis cultures and native soil microbial communities.The level of nitrification inhibition across the three cultivars was similar to the well-studied high-BNI species B.humidicola.BNI capacity of canola may have implications for the N dynamics in farming systems and the N uptake efficiency of crops in rotational farming systems.By reducing nitrification rates canola crops may decrease N losses,increase plant N uptake and encourage microbial N immobilization and subsequently increase the pool of organic N that is available for mineralization during the following cereal crops.

关键词： ammonia oxidizing microorganisms biological nitrification inhibition farming rotations nitrogen cycling nitrogen use efficiency

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Construction of an integrated map and location of a bruchid resistance gene in mung bean

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The Crop Journal 2016年第5期4卷 360-366页

作者： Lixia Wang Chuanshu Wu Min Zhong Dan Zhao Li Mei Honglin Chen Suhua Wang Chunji Liu Xuzhen Cheng Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CSIRO Agriculture and Food

Bruchid beetle(Callosobruchus chinensis) poses a serious threat to the production and storage of mung bean(Vigna radiata). Mapping bruchid resistance(Br) will provide an important basis for cloning the responsible gene(s) and elucidating its functional mechanism, and will also facilitate marker-assisted selection in mung bean breeding. Here, we report the construction of the genetic linkage groups of mung bean and mapping of the Br1 locus using an RIL population derived from a cross between Berken, a bruchid-susceptible line, and ACC41, a bruchid-resistant line. A total of 560 markers were mapped onto 11 linkage groups,with 38.0% of the markers showing distorted segregation. The lengths of the linkage groups ranged from 45.2 to 117.0 c M with a total coverage of 732.9 c M and an average interval of1.3 c M between loci. Br1 was located on LG9 between BM202(0.7 c M) and Vr2-627(1.7 c M).Based on 270 shared SSR markers, most of the linkage groups were assigned to specific chromosomes. These results should further accelerate the genetic study of this crop.

关键词： Vigna radiata Callosobruchus chinensis Linkage map Resistance Gene mapping

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Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.R.Gupta James M.Tiedje csiro agriculture&food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures challenging.Microbial community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over time.Since soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely stable.Hence,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil attributes.We suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and metals.The relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal groups.We present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

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Does Global agriculture Need Another Green Revolution？

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 449-451页

作者： Danny Llewellyn Chief Research Scientist of CSIRO Agriculture and Food Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering Australia

1.引言科学和技术是社会变革的历史驱动力,这些变革大多是有益的,但有时会产生意想不到的(通常是环境方面的)后果,其中一些后果我们目前仍在努力应对。18世纪和19世纪的工业革命,带来的以化石燃料为动力的采矿和制造业机械化发展,以及... 详细信息

1.引言科学和技术是社会变革的历史驱动力,这些变革大多是有益的,但有时会产生意想不到的(通常是环境方面的)后果,其中一些后果我们目前仍在努力应对。18世纪和19世纪的工业革命,带来的以化石燃料为动力的采矿和制造业机械化发展,以及航运和陆路运输的快速发展,导致城市化和人口不断增长。即使在18世纪,人口增长率也显然不能保持稳定。随着城市人口的增多和耕地的减少,除非农业生产率能够跟上发展的步伐。

关键词：科学技术发展现状现代农业技术创新

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Unsupervised Plot-Scale LAI Phenotyping via UAV-Based Imaging, Modelling, and Machine Learning

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Plant Phenomics 2022年第1期4卷 196-214页

作者： Qiaomin Chen Bangyou Zheng Karine Chenu Pengcheng Hu Scott C.Chapman School of agriculture and food Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia agriculture and food CSIROQueensland Bioscience PrecinctSt LuciaQLDAustralia The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationToowoombaQLDAustralia

High-throughput phenotyping has become the frontier to accelerate breeding through linking genetics to crop growth estimation,which requires accurate estimation of leaf area index(LAI).This study developed a hybrid method to train the random forest regression(RFR)models with synthetic datasets generated by a radiative transfer model to estimate LAI from UAV-based multispectral images.

关键词： breeding forest estimation

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