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GPS tracking of non-breeding ravens reveals the importance of anthropogenic food sources during their dispersal in the Eastern Alps

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 337-344页

作者： Matthias-Claudio LORETTO Richard SCHUSTER Thomas BUGNYAR Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 vienna Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition University of Vienna Fischerau 11 A-4645 GrLinau im Almtal Austria CDepartment of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver B.C. Canada V6T1Z4

In many songbirds, the space use of breeders is well studied but poorly understood for non-breeders. In common ravens, some studies of non-breeders indicate high vagrancy with large individual differences in home range size, whereas others show that up to 40% of marked non-breeders can be regularly observed at the same anthropogenic food source over months to years. The aim of this study was to provide new insights on ravens' behavior during dispersal in the Eastern Alps. We deployed Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers on 10 individuals to gather accurate spatial and temporal information on their movements to quantify: 1) the dimension of the birds' space use (home range size with seasonal effects and daily/long-term travel distances), 2) how long they stayed in a dispersal stage of wandering as opposed to settling temporarily, and 3) their destination of movements. We recorded movements of up to 40 km per hour, more than 160 km within 1 day and more than 11,000 km within 20 months, indicating high vagrancy. Switching frequently between temporarily settling and travelling large distances in short time intervals leads to extensive home ranges, which also explains and combines the different findings in the literature. The destinations are rich anthropogenic food sources, where the birds spent on average 75% of their time. We discuss how ravens may find these "feeding hot spots" and which factors may influence their decision to stay/leave a site. The strong dependence on anthropogenic resources found in this population may have implications for site management and conservation issues.

关键词： Corvus corax common raven dispersal kernel density non-breeder space use

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Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?——The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis,Anoplophora chinensis,and putative hybrids

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 633-645页

作者： Haiwen Qin Huachao Xu Arnaud Capron Ilga Porth Mingming Cui Melody A.Keena Xiaofang Deng Juan Shi Richard C.Hamelin Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive forest Pests in Eurasia Department of ForestBejing Forestry UniversityBejingChina Department of forest and conservation sciences The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada College of forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Wood and forest sciences Laval UniversityQuebecCanada 5 Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceHamdenConnecticutUSA Changchun Landscape Plant conservation Station Bureau of Forestry and Landscaping of ChangchunChangchunChina

Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora chinensis(Citrus longhorn beetle,CLB)are native forest pests in China;they have become important international quarantine pests.They are found using the same Salix aureopendula host tree of Cixi,Zhejiang province,China.On this host tree,we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and CLB.By using a stereoscope,we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra,which was inconsistent with ALB,which typically has a smooth elytral base,but was more like CLB,which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral base.Given their sympatry and intermediate morphology,we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×CLB hybrids.We studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples(ALB,CLB,and putative hybrids)using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)providing a reduced representation of the entire genome.Employing principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data,we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB,but genetically distinct from the CLB individuals.Therefore,our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic data.Further,while mating experiments between adult ALB and CLB were successful in 4 separate years(2017,2018,2020,and 2021),and oviposition behavior was observed,no progeny was produced.Having employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments,we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within ALB.Our approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.

关键词： Anoplophora chinensis Anoplophora glabripenni sg enotyping-bysequencing invasive pest mating putative hybrid

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A generalized framework for AMOVA with multiple hierarchies and ploidies

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第1期16卷 33-52页

作者： Kang HUANG Tiantian WANG Derek W.DUNN Pei ZHANG Hongjuan SUN Baoguo LI Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anChina Department of forest and conservation sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

The analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)is a widely used statistical method in population genetics and molec-ular ecology.The classic framework of AMOVA only supports haploid and diploid data,in which the number of hierarchies ranges from two to four.In practice,natural populations can be classified into more hierarchies,and polyploidy is frequently observed in extant species.The ploidy level may even vary within the same species,and/or within the same individual.We generalized the framework of AMOVA such that it can be used for any number of hierarchies and any level of ploidy.Based on this framework,we present four methods to account for data that are multilocus genotypic and allelic phenotypic(with unknown allele dosage).We use simulated datasets and an empirical dataset to evaluate the performance of our framework.We make freely available our methods in a new software package,polygene,which is freely available at https://***/huangkang1987/polygene.

关键词： analysis of molecular variance hierarchy maximum-likelihood estimation method-of-moment estimation polyploidy

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Stand development patterns of forest cover types in the natural forests of northern Baekdudaegan in South Korea

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Journal of forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 381-390页

作者： Ji Hong Kim Guangze Jin Sang Hoon Chung Department of forest Management College of Forest and Environmental SciencesKangwon National University School of forestry Northeast Forestry University forest Ecology Division Forest Conservation DepartmentKorea Forest Research Institute

The purpose of this study was to classify current forest cover types,and to investigate stand development patterns for natural forests in six areas in northern Baekdudaegan,South Korea.Twenty-eight independent forest communities were aggregated into eight forest cover types by species composition in the overstory of each forest community.The forest cover types were of mixed mesophytic,‘‘others’ ’ deciduous,Quercus mongolica dominant,Q.mongolica pure,Pinus densiflora–Q.mongolica,P.densiflora,Betula ermanii,and Q.mongolica–P.koraiensis.The ecological information was organized by importance value and species diversity for each forest type.Based on the correlation between species diversity index and the abundance of Q.mongolica plus P.densiflora for corresponding forest cover types,we compared the developmental process and approximate successional pathway between each cover type.The P.densiflora forest cover type changes into the P.densiflora–Q.mongolica cover type,followed by the Q.mongolica dominant cover type through continuous invasion of the oak trees.Furthermore,the Q.mongolica pure cover type would spread toward the Q.mongolica dominant cover type with a mixture of various deciduous tree species.The Q.mongolica dominant cover type progresses through the other deciduous cover types to the mixed mesophytic cover type with diversified composition and structure.On the mid to lower slopes,with loamy soils and good moisture conditions,various deciduous forest types should progress,by ecological succession,toward the mixed mesophytic cover type without any further disturbance.

关键词： Baekdudaegan forest cover type Species composition Species diversity Stand development patterns

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New contributions to the flora of Myanmar I

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Plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 135-152页

作者： Hong-Bo Ding Bin Yang Shi-Shun Zhou Mya Bhone Maw Kyaw Win Maung Yun-Hong Tan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Menglun Mengla Yunnan 666303 China forest Research Institute Forest Department Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar

In this study, we describe several new taxa belonging to the flora of Myanmar. One new family, Polyosmaceae (Polyosma wallichii Benn.) is recorded. Over ten new genera are recorded for the first time, including Amentotaxus Pilger (Taxaceae), Hydrobryopsis Engler (Podostemaceae), Cyrtosia Blume and Biermannia King & Pantling (Orchidaceae), Eleutharrhena Forman and Haematocarpus Miers (Menispermaceae), Craigia W.W. Smith & W.E. Evans (Malvaceae), Amblyanthopsis Mez (Primulaceae), Huodendron Rehder and Rehderodendron Hu (Styracaceae), Platea Blume (Metteniusaceae), Achyrospermum Blume (Lamiaceae), Christisonia Gardner (Orobanchaceae). In addition, five new species are described and illustrated: Tupistra natmataungensis Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Biermannia burmanica Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang, Impatiens megacalyx Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Amblyanthopsis burmanica Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Platea kachinensis Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding. The distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status of these new species are also described.

关键词： Polyosmaceae New record genus New species Flora Myanmar

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Liobagrus chengduensis,a new species of torrent catfish(Teleostei:Siluriformes:Amblycipitidae)from the upper Changjiang River basin in southwest China

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Zoological Research 2022年第4期43卷 679-682页

作者： Zhong-Guang Chen Yan-Shu Guo Jia-Yun Wu An-Xiang Wen College of Life sciences Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’anSichuan 625014China Ecological Restoration and conservation on forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Academy of Forestry SciencesChengduSichuan 610081China

DEAR EDITOR,A new torrent catfish species,Liobagrus chengduensis sp.nov.,is described from the Xihe River,a tributary of the Minjiang River,Qionglai City,Chengdu City,Sichuan Province,China.It can be distinguished from all other congeneric species by a unique combination of the following characters:3-4 serrations on posterior edge of pectoral-fin spine;anal fin with 15-16 rays;upper jaw obviously shorter than lower jaw;caudal fin rounded,with 42-44 rays;vertebral column with 36-37 post-Weberian elements;anus close to pelvic-fin insertion;adipose fin posteriorly continuous with caudal fin,with marked incision at confluence;body generally brownish yellow;all fins lacking well-defined light-colored margins,with color fading towards edge.

关键词： southwest colored insertion

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Transcriptome and carotenoid profiling of different varieties of Coffea arabica provides insights into fruit color formation

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Plant Diversity 2022年第3期44卷 322-334页

作者： Faguang Hu Xiaofei Bi Hongming Liu Xingfei Fu Yanan Li Yang Yang Xiaofang Zhang Ruirui Wu Guiping Li Yulan Lv Jiaxiong Huang Xinping Luo Rui Shi Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina Key Laboratory for forest Resources conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of EducationSouthwest Forestry UniversityChina

The processability and ultimate quality of coffee(Coffea arabica)are determined by the composition of the matured fruits.The basis of genetic variation in coffee fruit quality could be explained by studying color formation during fruit maturation.Transcriptome profiling was conducted on matured fruits of four C.arabica varieties(orange colored fruits(ORF);purple colored fruits(PF);red colored fruits(RF)and yellow colored fruits(YF))to identify key color-regulating genes,biosynthesis pathways and transcription factors implicated in fruit color formation.A total of 39,938 genes were identified in the transcriptomes of the four C.arabica varieties.In all,2745,781 and 1224 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in YF_vs_PF,YF_vs_RF and YF_vs_ORF,respectively,with 1732 DEGs conserved among the three pairwise groups.Functional annotation of the DEGs led to the detection of 28 and 82 key genes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids and anthocyanins,respectively.Key transcription factors bHLH,MYB,NAC,MADS,and WRKY implicated in fruit color regulation were detected.The high expression levels of gene-LOC113688784(PSY),gene-LOC113730013(b-CHY),gene-LOC113728842(CCD7),gene-LOC113689681(NCED)and gene-LOC113729473(ABA2)in YF may have accounted for the yellow coloration.The differential expression of several anthocyanin and carotenoid-specific genes in the fruits substantially account for the purple(PF),red(RF),and orange(ORF)colorations.This study provides important insights into fruit color formation and variations in C.arabica and will help to develop coffee varieties with specific color and quality traits.

关键词： Coffee Carotenoids Anthocyanins Transcription factors Functional enrichment

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Effects of the Dicranopteris linearis root system and initial moisture content on the soil disintegration characteristics of gully erosion

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3548-3567页

作者： HE Ling DENG Yu-Song TANG Qiu-yue LIAO Da-lan WANG Chao DUAN Xiao-qian Guangxi Key Laboratory of forest Ecology and conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China College of Geographical sciences and Planning Nanning Normal UniversityNanning 530100China

Benggang erosion is caused by a special type of gully erosion in southern China that seriously endangers the local ecology and environment.In this study,typical Benggang collapsing-wall soils were used as the study area to investigate the effects of different initial moisture contents and dicranopteris linearis root weight densities,as well as their interactions on disintegration in orthogonal test method.The results showed that the rate of soil disintegration decreased as a linear function of the initial moisture content.The soil disintegration rate tended to rise and then fall as the root weight density increased,reflecting an optimum root weight density of 0.75-1.00 g/100 cm3.The incorporation of dicranopteris linearis roots was most effective for soil consolidation in the shallow layers of soil.In addition,the disintegration rate of the collapsing-wall soils increases as the soil layer deepened.The dicranopteris linearis root system and initial moisture content had an interactive effect that was more pronounced in deeper soils.However,the combined effect of these processes was always dominated by the initial moisture content.Moderate initial soil moisture content(0.20-0.24 g/g)and the addition of a high root density in dicranopteris linearis(0.75-1.00 g/100 cm3)were the optimal combinations that reduced the disintegration rate.In conclusion,maintaining a suitable natural moisture content in collapsing-wall soils and taking measures that use plants to consolidate soil can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of Benggang erosion.The results of this study provided further insight into the factors that influence soil disintegration and offered a scientific basis for soil erosion management in the southern China.

关键词： Collapsing wall Initial moisture content Interactive effect Root weight density Soil disintegration

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Estimating the production and mortality of fine roots using minirhizotrons in a Pinus densiflora forest in Gwangneung,Korea

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Journal of forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1029-1035页

作者： Seung Hyun Han Soonjin Yun Jongyeol Lee Seongjun Kim Hanna Chang Yowhan Son Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Graduate SchoolKorea University Department of forest conservation Korea Forest Research Institute Department of Biological and Environmental sciences Qatar University

The aim of this study was to estimate fine root production （FP） and fine root mortality （FM） at 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depths using minirhizotrons in a 75-year-old Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. forest located in Gwangneung, Korea. We developed the conversion factors （frame cm-2） of three soil depths （0.158 for 0-10 cm, 0.120 for 10-20 cm, and 0.131 for 20-30 cm） based on soil coring and minirhizotron data. FP and FM were estimated using conversion factors from March 26, 2013 to March 2, 2014. The annual FP and FM values at the 0-30 cm soil depth were 3200.2 and 2271.5 kg ha-1 yr -1, respectively. The FP estimate accounted for approximately 17 % of the total net primary production at the study site. FP was highest in summer （July 31-September 26）, and FM was highest in autumn （September 27-November 29）. FP was positively correlated with seasonal change in soil temperature, while FM was not related to that change. The sea- sonality of FP and FM might be linked to above-ground photosynthetic activity. Both FP and FM at the 0-10 cm depth were significantly higher than at 10-20 and 20-30 cm depths, and this resulted from the decrease in nutrient availability with increasing soil depth. The minirhizotron approach and conversion factors developed in this study will enable fast and accurate estimation of the fine root dynamics in P. densiflora forest ecosystems.

关键词： Conversion factor Fine root Minirhizotron Mortality Production

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Altitudinal variations of hydraulic traits in Faxon fir(Abies fargesii var.faxoniana):Mechanistic controls and environmental adaptability

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forest Ecosystems 2022年第3期9卷 427-438页

作者： Shao-an Pan Guangyou Hao Xuhua Li Qiuhong Feng Xingliang Liu Osbert J.Sun School of Ecology and Nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Institute of forestry and Climate Change Research Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and conservation for forest and Wetland Sichuan Academy of Forestry SciencesChengdu610081China Sichuan Wolong forest Ecosystem Research Station Wenchuan623006China

Global climate change has been seen to result in marked impacts on forest ecosystems such as accelerated tree mortality worldwide due to incidental hydraulic failure caused by intensified and more frequent occurrence of extreme drought and heat-waves.However,it is well understood how the tree hydrological strategies would adjust to environmental variability brough about by climate changes.Here we investigated the hydraulic adjustment as a mechanism of acclimation to different climate conditions along an altitudinal gradient in Faxon fir(Abies fargesii var.faxoniana)–a tree species that plays a key role in conservation of wildlife and maintenance of ecosystem services in subalpine forests.The hydraulic traits and selective morphological and physiological variables were measured seasonally along an altitudinal gradient from 2,800 to 3,600 m a.s.l.We found that the native percentage loss of conductivity(PLC)increased with altitude across the seasonal measurements.Both the native sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity(Ks)and native leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity(Kl)significantly decreased with altitude for measurements in July and October,coinciding with the timing for peak growth and pre-dormancy,respectively.The morphological traits varied toward more conservative tree hydrological strategies with increases in altitude,exhibiting trade-offs with hydraulic traits.The total non-structural carbohydrates in both needle(NSCNeedle)and branch(NSCBranch)as well as photosynthetic capacity of current-year leaves played variable roles in maintaining the integrity of the hydraulic functioning and shaping the hydraulic adjustment under prevailing environmental conditions.Our findings indicate that Faxon fir possesses some degree of hydraulic adaptability to water limitation imposed by climate fluctuations in subalpine region through morphological and physiological modifications.

关键词： Climate change Eco-safety Environmental vulnerability Faxon fir Hydraulic risk Habitat constraints Water stress Subalpine

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