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All-optical complex field imaging using diffractive processors

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1122-1139页

作者： Jingxi Li Yuhang Li Tianyi Gan Che-Yung Shen Mona Jarrahi Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA california NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA

Complex field imaging,which captures both the amplitude and phase information of input optical fields or objects,can offer rich structural insights into samples,such as their absorption and refractive index ***,conventional image sensors are intensity-based and inherently lack the capability to directly measure the phase distribution of a *** limitation can be overcome using interferometric or holographic methods,often supplemented by iterative phase retrieval algorithms,leading to a considerable increase in hardware complexity and computational ***,we present a complex field imager design that enables snapshot imaging of both the amplitude and quantitative phase information of input fields using an intensity-based sensor array without any digital *** design utilizes successive deep learning-optimized diffractive surfaces that are structured to collectively modulate the input complex field,forming two independent imaging channels that perform amplitude-to-amplitude and phase-to-intensity transformations between the input and output planes within a compact optical design,axially spanning~100 *** intensity distributions of the output fields at these two channels on the sensor plane directly correspond to the amplitude and quantitative phase profiles of the input complex field,eliminating the need for any digital image reconstruction *** experimentally validated the efficacy of our complex field diffractive imager designs through 3D-printed prototypes operating at the terahertz spectrum,with the output amplitude and phase channel images closely aligning with our numerical *** envision that this complex field imager will have various applications in security,biomedical imaging,sensing and material science,among others.

关键词： field. utilize collective

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Nonlinear encoding in diffractive information processing using linear optical materials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1675-1688页

作者： Yuhang Li Jingxi Li Aydogan Ozcan Electrical&Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA california NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Nonlinear encoding of optical information can be achieved using various forms of data ***,we analyze the performances of different nonlinear information encoding strategies that can be employed in diffractive optical processors based on linear materials and shed light on their utility and performance gaps compared to the state-of-the-art digital deep neural *** a comprehensive evaluation,we used different datasets to compare the statistical inference performance of simpler-to-implement nonlinear encoding strategies that involve,e.g.,phase encoding,against data repetition-based nonlinear encoding *** show that data repetition within a diffractive volume(e.g.,through an optical cavity or cascaded introduction of the input data)causes the loss of the universal linear transformation capability of a diffractive optical ***,data repetition-based diffractive blocks cannot provide optical analogs to fully connected or convolutional layers commonly employed in digital neural ***,they can still be effectively trained for specific inference tasks and achieve enhanced accuracy,benefiting from the nonlinear encoding of the input *** results also reveal that phase encoding of input information without data repetition provides a simpler nonlinear encoding strategy with comparable statistical inference accuracy to data repetition-based diffractive *** analyses and conclusions would be of broad interest to explore the push-pull relationship between linear material-based diffractive optical systems and nonlinear encoding strategies in visual information processors.

关键词： nonlinear simpler Nonlinear

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Mapping super-resolution image quality

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 178-180页

作者： Megan A.Steves Ke Xu Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

The local quality of super-resolution microscopy images can be assessed and mapped by rolling Fourier ring correlation,even when image quality varies within a single image.

关键词： image resolution Mapping

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Interpenetrated Structures for Enhancing Ion Diffusion Kinetics in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 718-728页

作者： Xinzhe Xue Longsheng Feng Qiu Ren cassidy Tran Samuel Eisenberg Anica Pinongcos Logan Valdovinos cathleen Hsieh Tae Wook Heo Marcus A.Worsley Cheng Zhu Yat Li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California1156 High StreetSanta CruzCA 95064USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCA 94550USA

The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices(EESDs)by increasing surface area,thickness,and active materials mass loading while maintaining good ion diffusion through optimized electrode ***,conventional thick electrodes increase ion diffusion length and cause larger ion concentration gradients,limiting reaction *** demonstrate a strategy for building interpenetrated structures that shortens ion diffusion length and reduces ion concentration *** free-standing device structure also avoids short-circuiting without needing a *** feature size and number of interpenetrated units can be adjusted during printing to balance surface area and ion *** with a 3D-printed interpenetrated polymer substrate,we metallize it to make it *** substrate has two individually addr.ssable electrodes,allowing selective electrodeposition of energy storage *** a Zn//MnO_(2) battery as a model system,the interpenetrated device outperforms conventional separate electrode configurations,improving volumetric energy density by 221%and exhibiting a higher capacity retention rate of 49%compared to 35%at temperatures from 20 to 0℃.Our study introduces a new EESD architecture applicable to Li-ion,Na-ion batteries,supercapacitors,etc.

关键词： Interpenetrated structure 3D printing Electrochemical energy storage Ion diffusion length Inter-electrode distance

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Bioinspired nanomaterials for wearable sensing and human–machine interfacing

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 445-461页

作者： Vishesh Kashyap Junyi Yin Xiao Xiao Jun Chen Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

The inculcation of bioinspiration in sensing and human–machine interface(HMI)technologies can lead to distinctive characteristics such as conformability,low power consumption,high sensitivity,and unique properties like self-healing,self-cleaning,and *** sensing and HMI are fields rife with opportunities for the application of bioinspired nanomaterials,particularly when it comes to wearable sensory systems where biocompatibility is an additional *** review discusses recent development in bioinspired nanomaterials for wearable sensing and HMIs,with a specific focus on state-of-the-art bioinspired capacitive sensors,piezoresistive sensors,piezoelectric sensors,triboelectric sensors,magnetoelastic sensors,and electrochemical *** also present a comprehensive overview of the challenges that have hindered the scientific advancement in academia and commercialization in the industry.

关键词： bioinspired nanomaterials human–machine interface wearable sensors wearable bioelectronics

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All-optical image denoising using a diffractive visual processor

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 429-445页

作者： Çağatay Işıl Tianyi Gan Fazil Onuralp Ardic Koray Mentesoglu Jagrit Digani Huseyin Karaca Hanlong Chen Jingxi Li Deniz Mengu Mona Jarrahi Kaan Akşit Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA california NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA University College London Department of Computer ScienceLondonUnited Kingdom

Image denoising,one of the essential inverse problems,targets to remove noise/artifacts from input *** general,digital image denoising algorithms,executed on computers,present latency due to several iterations implemented in,e.g.,graphics processing units(GPUs).While deep learning-enabled methods can operate non-iteratively,they also introduce latency and impose a significant computational burden,leading to increased power ***,we introduce an analog diffractive image denoiser to all-optically and non-iteratively clean various forms of noise and artifacts from input images–implemented at the speed of light propagation within a thin diffractive visual processor that axially spanscal image denoiser comprises passive transmissive layers optimized using deep learning to physically scatter the optical modes that represent various noise features,causing them to miss the output image Field-of-View(FoV)while retaining the object features of *** results show that these diffractive denoisers can efficiently remove salt and pepper noise and image rendering-related spatial artifacts from input phase or intensity images while achieving an output power efficiency of~30–40%.We experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of this analog denoiser architecture using a 3D-printed diffractive visual processor operating at the terahertz *** to their speed,power-efficiency,and minimal computational overhead,all-optical diffractive denoisers can be transformative for various image display and projection systems,including,e.g.,holographic displays.

关键词： remove rendering holographic

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Entangled photon pair generation in an integrated SiC platform

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1041-1046页

作者： Anouar Rahmouni Ruixuan Wang Jingwei Li Xiao Tang Thomas Gerrits Oliver Slattery Qing Li Lijun Ma National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau DrGaithersburgMD20899USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15213USA

Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information *** to its unique material properties,silicon carbide recently emerged as a promising candidate for the scalable implementation of advanced quantum information processing *** date,however,only entanglement of nuclear spins has been reported in silicon carbide,while an entangled photon source,whether it is based on bulk or chip-scale technologies,has remained ***,we report the demonstration of an entangled photon source in an integrated silicon carbide platform for the first ***,strongly correlated photon pairs are efficiently generated at the telecom C-band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a compact microring resonator in the 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator *** maximum coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeds 600 at a pump power of 0.17 mW,corresponding to a pair generation rate of(9±1)×10^(3) pairs/***-time entanglement is created and verified for such signal-idler photon pairs,with the two-photon interference fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%.The heralded single-photon properties are also measured,with the heralded g^((2))(0)on the order of 10^(−3),demonstrating the SiC platform as a prospective fully integrated,complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible single-photon source for quantum applications.

关键词： quantum coincidence mixing

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Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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Recent advances and future therapy development for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1877-1878页

作者： Megan Hong Gal Bitan Department of Neurology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Molecular Biology Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Brain Research Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Over 55 million people globally live with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or related dementias(Adr.)and the number is expected to double every twenty *** i l recent l y,onl y symptomatic treatments were available to patients with AD,including acetylcholine esterase inhibitors,of which the last one,galantamine,was approved by the US Food and dr.g Administration(FDA)in 2001.

关键词： Alzheimer globally patients

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Impact of increasing one-carbon metabolites on traumatic brain injury outcome using pre-clinical models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1728-1733页

作者： Sanika M.Joshi Theresa Currier Thomas Nafisa M.Jadavji College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Child Health College of Medicine–PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixAZUSA College of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Neuroscience Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada

Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals ***-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemic ***,whether increasing one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more *** aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain ***,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury *** search terms included combinations of the following words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and *** focus of each literature search was basic science *** year of publication in the literature searches was not *** analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has significantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to *** r,this improvement is dosage-dependent and is contingent upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain *** details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further ***,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cognitive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model *** investigation in a clinical setting should be stro ngly considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.

关键词： folic acid nicotinamide one-carbon metabolism riboflavin traumatic brain injury vitamin B12 vitamin B2 vitamin B3

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