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Effects of the urban landscape on heatwave-mortality associations in Hong Kong: comparison of different heatwave definitions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 145-156页

作者： Jinglu Song Yi Lu Thomas Fischer Kejia Hu Department of Urban planning and Design Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong 999077China Environmental Assessment and Management Research Centre School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L35TRUK Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom 31750South Africa Institute of Big Data in Health Science School of Public HealthZhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China

Despite increased attention given to potential modifiers of temperature-mortality associations, evidence for variations between different urban landscape characteristics remains limited. It is in this context that in this paper effect modifications of multiple urban landscape characteristics are explored under different heatwave definitions for different age groups and gender in Hong Kong, China. Daily meteorological data and heatwave-related mortality counts from 2008 to 2017 were collected from the Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department, China. A case-only design was adopted, combined with logistic regression models to examine the modification effects of five urban landscape characteristics under six heatwave definitions. Stratified analyses were conducted to investigate age- and gender-specific effect modifications. It is found that individuals living in greener areas experienced lower levels of mortality during or immediately after heatwaves. In contrast, a higher building density and nighttime land surface temperature (LST) were associated with a higher heatwave-related mortality risk. Pronounced effect modifications of these urban landscape characteristics were observed under hotter and longer heatwaves, and in older adults (age ≥ 65 years) and males. The findings provide a scientific basis for policymakers and practitioners when considering measures for coping with hotter, longer, and more frequent heatwaves in the context of global climate change.

关键词： Urban landscape Heatwave Mortality Effect modification Intra-urban differences Health risk reduction

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Green building research from design to operation in the past 20 years: A perspective

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 1049-1055页

作者： Borong LIN Yi WANG Jiaping LIU Juan YU Department of building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Eco planning&Green building Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Green building in Western China Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China School of building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China College of Architecture Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

dented levels during the past *** with the rapid urbanization crossing the world,serious environmental and energy issues have become global *** address these challenges,the promotion of green building is critical because the construction industry consumes about 40%of the total energy and accounts for 30%of the total greenhouse gas *** goals of green buildings is twofold:1)enhancing indoor environmental quality(IEQ),promoting human health and productivity;2)conserving energy,limiting pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions.

关键词： promotion operation dioxide

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Peat properties of a tropical forest reserve adjacent to a fire-break canal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 155-167页

作者： Dayang Nur Sakinah Musa Mohd Zahirasri Mohd Tohir Xinyan Huang Luqman Chuah Abdullah Mohamad Syazaruddin Md Said Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman Safety Engineering Interest Group(SEIG) Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia International Tropical Forestry Programme Faculty of Tropical ForestryUniversiti Malaysia SabahSabahMalaysia Department of Land Management Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering Department of Building Environment and Energy EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Tropical peat comprises decomposed dead plant material and acts like a sponge to absorb water,making it fully ***,drought periods dry it readily and increases its vulnerability to *** fires emit greenhouse gases and particles contributing to haze,and prevention by constructing fire-break canals to reduce fire spread into forest reserves is *** paper aims to determine peat physical and chemical properties near a fire-break canal at different fire frequency *** sampling was conducted at two forest reserves in Malaysia which represent low fire frequency and high fire frequency *** results show that peat properties were not affected by the construction of a fire-break canal,however lignin and cellulose content increased significantly from the distance of the canal in both *** study concluded that fire frequency did not significantly influence peat properties except for *** higher fibre content in the high frequency area did not influence moisture content nor the ability to regain ***,fire frequency might contribute differently to changes in physical and chemical properties,hence management efforts to construct fire-break canals and restoration efforts should protect peatlands from further *** findings will benefit future management and planning for forest reserves.

关键词： Peat fire Peat properties Fire-break canals Forest reserves

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An effective method to determine bedding system insulation based on measured data

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building Simulation 2023年第1期16卷 121-132页

作者： Nan Zhang Bin Cao Yingxin Zhu Department of building Science School of ArchitectureTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control(Tsinghua University) Beijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Eco planning&Green building Ministry of Education(Tsinghua University)Beijing 100084China

The thermal environment is an essential factor that affects sleep *** many circumstances,the bed microenvironment is more important than the ambient environment because of the large covered area of the human body and the close contact between the bedding system and the human *** main objective of this research is to establish an effective method to determine bedding system insulation.A thermal manikin was used in the measurement of bedding system *** different types of quilts,which were filled with cotton,polyester and duvet respectively,were chosen to be *** total ten different quilts with different materials and weights were involved in the *** regular arrangements of covers were chosen with coverage rates of 94.1%,85.9%,70.6%,and 54.4%to test.A total of 64 bedding systems were tested to build an effective method to determine the bedding system *** the basis of test data,the change of bedding system insulation with coverage was found to be *** fitting was applied to establish an insulation evaluation method for bedding system *** addition,the effects of quilt cover and sleepwear on bedding system insulation were discussed and thermal insulation increment caused by quilt cover and sleepwear were *** relationships between neutral indoor temperature and weight per unit area of the quilt for different coverage rates have been quantified based on existing subject *** research provides an effective method to determine bedding system insulation,which can be widely used in thermal comfort research and HVAC system design.

关键词： sleep environment bedding system thermal insulation thermal comfort

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Reflections and Explorations on the Decremented Regulation of Construction Land in the New Beijing City Master planning

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China City planning Review 2018年第2期27卷 25-35页

作者： Chang Qing Xu Qinzheng Yang Chun Wang Shan Qian Fang Department of Detailed planning Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design office of Research Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design Urban planning Society of China Department of Master planning Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design Beijing Municipal Committee of planning and National Land & Resources Management

Construction land use has always been a key point for the planning department to practice national transformation strategy. In the new round of compilation of Beijing City Master Plan, the management of construction land use is under the rigid restriction of the bearing capacity of resources and the environment. Setting the upper-limit of the population size, a general strategy of decremented development of urban-rural construction land has been put forward, in order to realize a transition from quantitative expansion planning to qualitative upgrading planning. By "decremented development," "decremented" means a more rigid bottom-line restriction, and "development" means a more scientific allocation of resources. From the master planning level, the new Beijing City Master Plan establishes a comprehensive control framework and restrictive index system from perspectives including land use scale, construction scale, space boundary, urban and rural structure, land use structure, and cross-boundary collaboration; and in practice, it promotes strict management methods by setting up a dismantle-construction land ratio, dismantle-construction building area ratio, employment and residence land ratio, and "two lines and three districts," which is an exploration on the planning management method of construction land use that is stock-based and decremented master planning. Considering that decremented development is a major reform and a special challenge to planning implementation, the Beijing City Master Plan carries out explorations in terms of the planning management method, land policy, jurisdiction division, assessment and supervision, etc.

关键词： master plan decremented development urban and rural construction land comprehensive control Beijing

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Temporal-spatial risk assessment of COVID-19 under the influence of urban spatial environmental parameters:The case of Shenyang city

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building Simulation 2023年第5期16卷 683-699页

作者： Sui Li Zhe Li Yixin Dong Tiemao Shi Shiwen Zhou Yumeng Chen Xun Wang Feifei Qin School of Architecture and planning Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110168China Institute of Ecological Urban planning and Green building Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110168China School of Architecture Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Institute of Spatial planning and Design Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110168China School of Science Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110168China

Respiratory infection is the main route for the transmission of coronavirus pneumonia,and the results have shown that the urban spatial environment significantly influences the risk of *** on the Wells-Riley model of respiratory infection probability,the study determined the human respiratory-related parameters and the effective influence range;extracted urban morphological parameters,assessed the ventilation effects of different spatial environments,and,combined with population flow monitoring data,constructed a method for assessing the risk of Covid-19 respiratory infection in urban-scale grid *** the empirical study in Shenyang city,a severe cold region,urban morphological parameters,population size,background wind speed,and individual behavior patterns were used to calculate the distribution characteristics of temporal and spatial concomitant risks in urban areas grids under different *** results showed that the correlation between the risk of respiratory infection in urban public spaces and the above variables was *** exposure time had the greatest degree of influence on the probability of respiratory infection risk among the *** the same time,the change in human body spacing beyond 1 m had a minor influence on the risk of *** the urban morphological parameters,building height had the highest correlation with the risk of infection,while building density had the lowest *** actual point distribution of the epidemic in Shenyang from March to April 2022 was used to verify the evaluation *** overlap rate between medium or higher risk areas and actual cases was 78.55%.The planning strategies for epidemic prevention and control were proposed for the spatial differentiation characteristics of different risk *** research results can accurately classify the risk level of urban space and provide a scientific basis for the planning response of epidemic prevention and control and the sa

关键词： COVID-19 virus infection rate GIS data simulations urban morphological parameters analysis infection risk assessment epidemic containment planning

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Re-understanding the Role of City Master planning in the Spatial planning System

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China City planning Review 2017年第2期26卷 14-21页

作者： Yang Baojun Zhang Jing Dong Ke Li Min(译) China Academy of Urban planning and Design Urban planning Society of China City Master planning Academic Committee of Urban planning Society of China the General Engineer office China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Green City Institute China Academy of Urban Planning and Design 不详

Holding a dominant position in the spatial planning system at the city level, a city master plan should be able to guide both long-term strategies and short-term planning implementation, while taking into account both resource conservation and urban-rural development and coordinating multi-government power and interests of various stakeholders. In the future, city master planning should keep its advanced nature and must follow the principles of being people-oriented, paying equal attention to both development quality and quantity, promoting diversified development, and containing multiple driving forces for development.

关键词： spatial planning system city master planning strategic guidance statutory blueprint collaborative platform

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The application of building performance simulation in the writing of architectural history： Analysing climatic design in 1960s Israel

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第3期7卷 367-382页

作者： Or Aleksandrowicz Ardeshir Mahdavi Faculty of Architecture and Town planning Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel Department of building Physics and building Ecology TU Wien Karlsplatz 13 1040 Vienna Austria

This article presents a methodology for the integration of building performance simulation （BPS） into the writing of architectural history. While BPS tools have been developed mainly for design purposes, their current maturity enables to reliably apply them in simulating the performance of past buildings, even when these buildings have been significantly modified or demolished. The possibility to virtually reconstruct the performance of past buildings can help us to overcome the existing knowledge gap in the understanding of the role played by building performance and building performance research through the history of architecture and can therefore promote the intelligent and successful application of environmental features in contemporary architecture. The potential of the proposed methodology is presented here using a historical case study from 1960s Israel （a university building in Tel Aviv）, in which climatic considerations were an explicit part of the entire design process. The original thermal performance of the building was analysed by employing the EnergyPlus simulation engine, and the simulation results were used for evaluating the climatic impact of certain design decisions, comparing them with the proclaimed design goals and the original intentions of the architects.

关键词： Architectural history building performance simulation Thermal performance Israeli modern architecture building climatology

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Regional differences of urbanization in China and its driving factors

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第6期61卷 778-791页

作者： LIN Wen Qi WU Meng He ZHANG Yue ZENG Rong Jun ZHENG Xiao Jin SHAO Lei ZHAO Lu Yun LI Shao Xing TANG Yan Key Laboratory of Urban-Rural Eco planning and Green building (Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education Beijing 100084 China Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban planning & Design Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing 100085 China School of Architecture Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

After more than 30 years of rapid urbanization, the overall urbanization rate of China reached 56.1% in ***, despite China's rapid increase in its overall rate of urbanization, clear regional differences can be observed. Furthermore, inadequate research has been devoted to in-depth exploration of the regional differences in China's urbanization from a national perspective, as well as the internal factors that drive these differences. Using prefecture-level administrative units in China as the main research subject, this study illustrates the regional differences in urbanization by categorizing the divisions into four types based on their urbanization ratio and speed(high level: low speed; high level: high speed; low level: high speed; and low level: low speed). Next, we selected seven economic and geographic indicators and applied an ordered logit model to explore the driving factors of the regional differences in urbanization. A multiple linear regression model was then adopted to analyze the different impacts of these driving factors on regions with different urbanization types. The results showed that the regional differences in urbanization were significantly correlated to per capita GDP, industry location quotients, urban-rural income ratio,and time distance to major centers. In addition, with each type of urbanization, these factors were found to have a different driving effect. Specifically, the driving effect of per capita GDP and industry location quotients presented a marginally decreasing trend, while main road density appeared to have a more significant impact on cities with lower urbanization rates.

关键词： Urbanization Regional differences Driving factor Ordered logit Multiple linear regression

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Variability and trends of near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau:The role played by the westerly and Asian monsoon

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 525-536页

作者： Gang-Feng ZHANG Cesar AZORIN-MOLINA Deliang CHEN Tim RMCVICAR Jose AGUIJARRO Kai-Qiang DENG Lorenzo MINOLA Jaeyeon LEE Seok-Woo SON Heng MA Pei-Jun SHI State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control of Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificaci'on Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı'ficas(CIDECSIC-UV-Generalitat alenciana)ClimateAtmosphere and Ocean Laboratory(Climatoc-Lab)Moncada 46113Spain Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden CSIRO Environment CanberraACT 2600Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes CanberraACT 2600Australia State Meteorological Agency Balearic Islands OfficePalma de Mallorca 07015Spain School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and planning(DIST) Politecnico and University of TurinTurin 10125Italy School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544USA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAAPrinceton NJ 08544USA

Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental issues,while the long-term(≥60 years)trend and multidecadal variability in the wind speed and its underlying causes in global high-elevation and mountainous areas(e.g.,Tibetan Plateau)remain largely ***,by examining homogenized wind speed data from 104 meteorological stations over the Tibetan Plateau for 1961-2020 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets,we investigated the variability and long-term trend in the near-surface wind speed and revealed the role played by the westerly and Asian *** results show that the homogenized annual wind speed displays a decreasing trend(-0.091 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05),with the strongest in spring(-0.131 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05),and the weakest in autumn(-0.071 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05).There is a distinct multidecadal variability of wind speed,which manifested in an prominent increase in 1961-1970,a sustained decrease in 1970-2002,and a consistent increase in *** observed decadal variations are likely linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation,and the correlation analysis unveiled a more important role of westerly and East Asian winter monsoon in modulating near-surface wind changes over the Tibetan *** potential physical processes associated with westerly and Asian monsoon changes are in concordance with wind speed change,in terms of overall weakened horizontal air flow(i.e.,geostrophic wind speed),declined vertical thermal and dynamic momentum transfer(i.e.,atmospheric stratification thermal instability and vertical wind shear),and varied Tibetan Plateau *** indicates that to varying degrees these processes may have contributed to the changes in near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan *** study has implications for wind power production and soil wind erosion prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Wind speed Decadal change Atmospheric circulation Physical processes

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