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How dopamine tunes parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus:new experimental observations in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1405-1406页

作者： Livia La Barbera Paraskevi Krashia Annalisa Nobili Department of Medicine and Surgery UniversitàCampus Bio-Medico di RomaViaÁlvaro del PortilloRomeItaly Department of Experimental Neurosciences IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationVia del Fosso di FioranoRomeItaly Department of Science and Technology for sustainable development and One Health UniversitàCampus Bio-Medico di RomaViaÁlvaro del PortilloRomeItaly

Despite decades of dedicated resea rch,Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which the mechanisms of onset are sti unc *** is cha racterized by featured histological alterations including amyloid-beta (AB) plaque deposition,accumulation of neurofibrillary to ngles of hyperphosphorylated-tau,and neuronal loss,accompanied by progressive cognitive decline and behavioral changes.

关键词： Alzheimer alterations dopamine

The United Nations University and sustainable mountain development

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Journal of mountain Science 2005年第1期2卷 3-4页

作者： Itaru Yasui Vice-Rector Environment and sustainable development United Nations University5-53-70 Vice-Rector JingumaeShibuyaTokyo150-8925JapanEnvironment and Sustainable Development United Nations University5-53-70 Vice-RectorJingumaeShibuyaTokyo150-8925Japan

The United Nations University (UNU) is an international community of scholars engaged in research, postgraduate training and knowledge dissemination on the pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare that are concerns of the United Nations, its peoples and member states. UNU works through a global network of its own research and training centers and programmes, and of associated and collaborating institutions and scholars.

关键词：山脉科学人才培养美国大学教学评价教育合作

Effects of harvesting on productivity of bay leaf tree(Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm):Case from Udayapur district of Nepal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 163-170页

作者： Dyutiman Choudhary S.P Kala N.P Todaria S.Dasgupta M.Kollmair International Centre for Integrated mountain development (ICIMOD) HNB Garhwal University

Cultivation of bay leaves （Cinnamomum tamalaNees ＆ Eberm） to fulfil household income needs is a long established practice in Udayapur district of Nepal. The practices adopted by farmers for bay leaf harvesting have not, however, been validated by scientific investigation for their sustainability. To investigate the impacts of harvesting on the yield of branch, leaves and biomass of leaves, a two-year research project was conducted in farm fields at Kopche village of Routa VDC in Udayapur district, Nepal. Four different harvesting treatments, the orien-tation and the order of branches were taken as independent variables to test their effects on number of branches, leaves and biomass of leaves. Orientation, harvesting treatments and order of branches had a significant effect on the number of branches, but not on the number of leaves or biomass （fresh and dry weight） of leaves in the year of harvest. Between two consecutive harvests there was no significant difference in the num-ber of branches, leaves or biomass. Lower two-thirds portion of the trees produced the largest number of leaves and branches of the fourth order in both years. Therefore, lower two-thirds portion of the trees were suitable for harvesting. Our findings support farmer experience that no change in productivity of leaves is observed when harvesting each year. For long term sustainability, harvesting should be conducted without debarking of trees or damage to branches. Our findings could be extrapolated to and tested in other areas with different access and user rights where the rota-tion for harvest is fixed or regulated without research evidence.

关键词： agro forestry tree leaf harvesting yield management practices sustainable development

Unravelling the linkages of cryosphere and mountain livelihood systems:A case study of Langtang,Nepal

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第1期12卷 119-131页

作者： Sabamee TULADHAR Binaya PASAKHALA Amina MAHARJAN Arabinda MISHRA International Centre for Integrated mountain development(ICIMOD) Kathmandu44703Nepal

Globally,mountains are often characterized as fragile and hazardous terrains,with vast areas covered by the *** livelihoods of communities in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region are closely linked with the *** over the past few decades,communities in the region have experienced multiple changes,including those driven by climat e change,with direct and immediate impacts on their lives and *** this study,we explore linkages between the cryosphere and high-mountain livelihoods using a social-ecological system *** examines how the complex social-ecological system in villages in Langtang Valley,Nepal,has evolved in response to both cryospheric and socioeconomic *** local communities perceive gradual but significant changes in the cryospheric system,such as receding and thinning glaciers,changing snowfall patterns,changes in temperature and precipitation patterns,and a growing incidence of cryosphere-related hazards,such as avalanches and *** in the Langtang Valley are also facing a number of socioeconomic changes,resulting in changing aspirations,particularly among the *** growing disconnection between society and the surrounding cryosphere,with direct impacts on the transfer and growth of local knowledge systems,are *** simultaneous changes in the cryosphere and the socioeconomic domain have also resulted in a homogenization of livelihood sources,with tourism emerging as the dominant source of *** has resulted in a dependence of the local population on food imported from outside the valley.A growing dependence on tourism for livelihoods,dependence on imports for food and other basic needs,and the lack of a risk reduction strategy might pose great risks for local lives and livelihoods in the long *** pertaining to diversifying livelihoods,harmonizing social capital,and hazard risk assessment are essential for strengthening linkages between cryosphere and the socioe

关键词： Cryosphere-livelihood linkages Social-ecological systems Climate change High-mountain communities Hindu Kush Himalaya Langtang Valley

Renewable energy resources, policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第3期13卷 506-521页

作者： Lakshmi PATHAK Kavita SHAH Institute of Environment and sustainable development Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

This paper presents comparative yet extensive analysis of existing non-conventional renewable resources, energy policies and gaps in BRICS countries. An intelligent transformation to green economy to maintain natural resources is noted. Brazil has stable energy policies and is the leading producer of biofuels following hydropower until 2014 but supported wind and solar power development by tendering specific tariffs for energy generation from solar and wind. Russia needs improvement in its legal and regulatory framework with more incentives in energy policies. China is improving upon wind and hydropower but it needs strong policy measures to put cap on increased CO2 emissions. India needs revision in energy policy and requires extra incentives and consumer specific energy policies for research-infrastructure and energy generation technologies. South Africa requires lessons to increase renewable energy and reduce coal mining. Moreover, BRICS countries need to redefine their energy policies based upon their existing geographical, economical, societal and environmental conditions which will help in shaping global energy policies and more financial stability. This paper recognizes the potential of BRICS to reshape the global system paralleled with minimizing CO2 emissions. The concerted role of BRICS needs to be recognized as the leading contributor of global renewable capacity where the developed world is geared and busy to address the environmental issues.

关键词： BRICS CO2 emissions energy policies renewable

Deforestation Trends and Spatial Modelling of its Drivers in the Dry Temperate Forests of Northern Pakistan–A Case Study of Chitral

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1192-1207页

作者： Khuram Shehzad Faisal M.Qamer MSR Murthy Sawaid Abbas Laxmi D.Bhatta International Centre for Integrated mountain development (ICIMOD) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Deforestation is a major environmental challenge in the mountain areas of Pakistan. The study assessed trends in the forest cover in Chitral tehsil over the last two decades using supervised land cover classification of Landsat TM satellite images from 1992, 2000, and 2009, with a maximum likelihood algorithm. In 2009, the forest cover was 10.3% of the land area of Chitral(60,000 ha). The deforestation rate increased from 0.14% per annum in 1992–2000 to 0.54% per annum in 2000–2009, with 3,759 ha forest lost over the 17 years. The spatial drivers of deforestation were investigated using a cellular automaton modelling technique to project future forest conditions. Accessibility(elevation, slope), population density, distance to settlements, and distance to administrative boundary were strongly associated with neighbourhood deforestation. A model projection showed a further loss of 23% of existing forest in Chitral tehsil by 2030, and degradation of 8%, if deforestation continues at the present rate. Arandu Union Council, with 2212 households, will lose 85% of its forest. Local communities have limited income resources and high poverty and are heavily dependent on non-timber forest products for their livelihoods. Continued deforestation will further worsen their livelihood conditions, thus improved conservation efforts are essential.

关键词： Remote sensing Drivers of deforestation Cellular automata

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Marine Fishery Industry Ecosystem Vulnerability in the Bohai Rim Region

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第6期29卷 1052-1064页

作者： LI Bo JIN Xiaoming Center for Studies of Marine Economy and sustainable development Liaoning Normal University

The building of the ocean power strategy and the implementation of the blue agriculture plan urgently need to strengthen the sustainable development of marine *** vulnerability as the starting point, this paper constructs the vulnerability index system of marine fishery industry ecosystem from the aspects of sensitivity and response capacity, and combines the entropy method with the Topsis to comprehensively analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of vulnerability of marine fishery industry ecosystem in the Bohai Rim Region from 2001 to *** results show that: 1) In the time dimension, from 2001 to 2015, the vulnerability of the marine fishery industry ecosystem in the Bohai Rim Region shows a fluctuant and degressive trend;2) In the spatial dimension, the spatial distribution of the marine fishery industry ecosystem vulnerability in the Bohai Rim Region presents the gradient characteristics which shows high vulnerability in the east and low vulnerability in the *** to the evolution track of the system’s vulnerability level, the vulnerability of the marine fishery industry ecosystem is divided into ‘declining’ and ‘stable’ types of evolutionary structures;3) The development of marine fishery in the Bohai Rim Region needs to be derived from the marine fishery’s ecological environment and the industrial development mode and structure, which can improve the marine environment remediation efforts, optimize the marine fishery industry structure, vigorously focus on pelagic fishery, and enhance the introduction of marine fishery’s science and technology talents, ***, the marine fishery’s development in the Bohai Rim Region will be moving in the green, circular and sustainable direction.

关键词： marine fishery marine industry ecosystem vulnerability spatio-temporal evolution Bohai Rim Region

Spatio-temporal Difference and Influencing Factors of Environmental Adaptability Measurement of Human-sea Economic System in Liaoning Coastal Area

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第2期28卷 313-324页

作者： LI Bo SHI Zhaoyuan TIAN Chuang Center for Studies of Marine Economy and sustainable development Liaoning Normal University

Adaptability theory is an important tool to analyze the degree, mechanism and process of interaction between human and environment, which provides a new perspective for the research of sustainability assessment. Based on the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and the panel Tobit model from the perspective of adaptability, spatio-temporal difference and influencing factors of environmental adaptability assessment of human-sea economic system in Liaoning coastal area was measured by using the city panel data from 2000 to 2014. The results indicate that: 1) The environmental adaptability of human-sea economic system in Liaoning coastal area rose slowly from 2000 to 2014, the developing trend of each city was linearly related, and Dalian was in a leading position. 2) The different adaptability elements and adaptability subsystem show polarization phenomenon and completely different regional evolution characteristics. The adaptability of human-sea environment system and human-sea economic system rose slowly and had the characteristics of linear relationship, and the adaptability of human-sea environment system is the main reason for the difference of environmental adaptability of human-sea economic system. 3) Science and technology, environmental management, marine economic development level, port construction are the driving factors of the healthy development of environmental adaptability of urban human-sea economic system.

关键词： human-sea economic system adaptability human-sea environment system influencing factors Liaoning coastal area

Influence of High Temperature Stress on Net Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Partitioning and Rice Grain Yield at Flowering and Grain Filling Stages

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 603-609页

作者： L Guo-hua WU Yong-feng BAI Wen-bo MA Bao WANG Chun-yan SONG Ji-qing Institute of Environment and sustainable development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.

关键词： dry matter partitioning grain yield high temperature stress rice growth