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Microbiome-liver crosstalk:A multihit therapeutic target for liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第11期29卷 1651-1668页

作者： Jorum Kirundi Sheida Moghadamrad Camilla Urbaniak Department of Biomedical Research University of BernBern 3014Switzerland Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology Laboratories for Translational ResearchEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleBellinzona and Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversitàdella Svizzera italianaLugano 6900Switzerland Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryPasadenaCA 91011United States ZIN Technologies Middleburg HeightsOH 44130United States

Liver disease has become a leading cause of death,particularly in the West,where it is attributed to more than two million deaths annually.The correlation between gut microbiota and liver disease is still not fully understood.However,it is well known that gut dysbiosis accompanied by a leaky gut causes an increase in lipopolysaccharides in circulation,which in turn evoke massive hepatic inflammation promoting liver cirrhosis.Microbial dysbiosis also leads to poor bile acid metabolism and low short-chain fatty acids,all of which exacerbate the inflammatory response of liver cells.Gut microbial homeostasis is maintained through intricate processes that ensure that commensal microbes adapt to the low oxygen potential of the gut and that they rapidly occupy all the intestinal niches,thus outcompeting any potential pathogens for available nutrients.The crosstalk between the gut microbiota and its metabolites also guarantee an intact gut barrier.These processes that protect against destabilization of gut microbes by potential entry of pathogenic bacteria are collectively called colonization resistance and are equally essential for liver health.In this review,we shall investigate how the mechanisms of colonization resistance influence the liver in health and disease and the microbial-liver crosstalk potential as therapeutic target areas.

关键词： Microbiome Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver disease Microbiome-host crosstalk Gut homeostasis Microbial metabolites

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Host pathogen interactions in Helicobacter pylori related gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1521-1540页

作者： Magdalena Chmiela Zuzanna Karwowska Weronika Gonciarz Bujana Allushi Pawel Staczek Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology Institute of MicrobiologyBiotechnology and ImmunologyFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of Lodz Department of Genetics of Bacteria Institute of MicrobiologyBiotechnology and ImmunologyFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of Lodz

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), discovered in 1982, is a microaerophilic, spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium that is able to colonize the human stomach. Nearly half of the world's population is infected by this pathogen. Its ability to induce gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been confirmed. The susceptibility of an individual to these clinical outcomes is multifactorial and depends on H. pylori virulence, environmental factors, the genetic susceptibility of the host and the reactivity of the host immune system. Despite the host immune response, H. pylori infection can be difficult to eradicate. H. pylori is categorized as a group?Ⅰ?carcinogen since this bacterium is responsible for the highest rate of cancerrelated deaths worldwide. Early detection of cancer can be lifesaving. The 5-year survival rate for gastric cancer patients diagnosed in the early stages is nearly 90%. Gastric cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages but always progresses over time and begins to cause symptoms when untreated. In 97% of stomach cancer cases, cancer cells metastasize to other organs. H. pylori infection is responsible for nearly 60% of the intestinaltype gastric cancer cases but also influences the development of diffuse gastric cancer. The host genetic susceptibility depends on polymorphisms of genes involved in H. pylori-related inflammation and the cytokine response of gastric epithelial and immune cells. H. pylori strains differ in their ability to induce a deleterious inflammatory response. H. pylori-driven cytokines accelerate the inflammatory response and promote malignancy. Chronic H. pylori infection induces genetic instability in gastric epithelial cells and affects the DNA damage repair systems. Therefore, H. pylori infection should always be considered a pro-cancerous factor.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori 招待危险性 Carcinogenesis 细菌的差异

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毒死蜱胁迫下土壤细菌和真菌群落演替及其降解菌群的分子鉴定(英文)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & biotechnology) 2014年第4期15卷 322-332页

作者： Lie-zhong CHEN Yan-li LI Yun-long YU Department of Plant protection College of Agriculture&BiotechnologyZhejiang University State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Institute of Plant Protection and MicrobiologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

研究目的:评价毒死蜱施用后对土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响,并对降解功能菌株进行分析。创新要点:通过聚合酶链式反应–变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法,揭示了毒死蜱施用后土壤细菌和真菌群落结构动态变化,并对试验土壤中的降解菌群... 详细信息

研究目的:评价毒死蜱施用后对土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响,并对降解功能菌株进行分析。创新要点:通过聚合酶链式反应–变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法,揭示了毒死蜱施用后土壤细菌和真菌群落结构动态变化,并对试验土壤中的降解菌群进行分子鉴定。研究方法:将农田土壤用终质量分数5 mg/kg和20 mg/kg毒死蜱处理,同时以不施用毒死蜱为对照,定期采集土样进行毒死蜱残留测定并提取土壤DNA。将提取的土壤总DNA作为PCR反应模板,细菌群落结构分析采用对大多数细菌16S rRNA基因V3区具有特异性的引物GC-341F和517R,真菌群落结构分析采用ITS区特异引物对GC-ITS1f和ITS2f。DGGE图谱经Quantity One软件进行数字化分析,各泳道中的条带经标准化处理之后,条带的相对光密度构成一个矩阵,用Matlab软件进行主成分分析(PCA),用Dice法计算相似性指数CS,用MEGA 4.1软件构建系统发育树,进行聚类分析。之后,采用LB、察氏和高氏三种培养基结合的纯培养分离方法,从毒死蜱处理土样中分离具有降解功能的菌株。分别提取纯培养物的染色体DNA,利用ERIC-PCR对分离到的降解菌进行基因组指纹图谱分析,将典型肠杆菌基因间的重复共有序列–聚合酶链式反应(ERIC-PCR)指纹图谱类型的代表菌株进行16S rRNA基因(细菌和放线菌)或ITS区(真菌)扩增并测序,测序结果提交GenBank基因库,并进行BLAST比对,初步确定降解菌株的分子地位。重要结论:本实验条件下,毒死蜱降解符合一级动力学,5 mg/kg和20 mg/kg毒死蜱浓度下的降解方程分别为y=5.252e-0.09x和y=19.41e-0.08x。DGGE指纹图谱显示,毒死蜱施用后土壤真菌群落结构与对照相比发生很大改变,且毒死蜱处理样品真菌群落结构保持基本稳定,多样性指数明显提高(见图2b);主成分分析显示,毒死蜱处理样品与对照明显分在2个不同的区域,充分表明毒死蜱对土壤真菌群落结构影响迅速且持久(见图3b)。毒死蜱处理样品细菌群落结构只在试验前30天与对照相比明显不同,60天时已经恢复对照水平(见图2a),同时主成分分析图上,毒死蜱处理样品与对照也越来越靠近,最后聚在一起(见图3a),说明毒死蜱对土壤细菌群落结构影响短暂。最后,获得了9个典型的ERIC型毒死蜱降解菌株。

关键词：变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE) 细菌群落结构真菌群落结构毒死蜱降解菌群 ERIC-PCR

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Visible light assisted enzyme-photocatalytic cascade degradation of organophosphorus pesticides

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Green Chemical Engineering 2023年第1期4卷 30-38页

作者： Ying Zhang Xue Cao Yufeng Yang Sumin Guan Xiaotian Wang Heyu Li Xiaobing Zheng Liya Zhou Yanjun Jiang Jing Gao School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China Hebei Xinlan Environmental protection Engineering Co.Ltd. Baoding071000China Tianjin UBasio biotechnology group Co. Ltd.Tianjin300457China National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China

The worldwide application of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs)has promoted agricultural development,but their gradual accumulation in soil and water can seriously affect the central nervous system of humans and other mammals.Organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH)is an effective enzyme that can catalyze the degradation of the residual OPs.However,the degradation products such as p-nitrophenol(p-NP)is still toxic.Thus,it is of great significance to develop a multi-functional support that can be simultaneously used for the immobilization of OPH and the further degradation of p-NP.Herein,a visible light assisted enzyme-photocatalytic integrated catalyst was constructed by immobilizing OPH on hollow structured Au-TiO_(2)(named OPH@H-Au-TiO_(2))for the degradation of OPs.The obtained OPH@H-Au-TiO_(2)can degrade methyl parathion to p-NP by OPH and then degrade p-NP to hydroquinone with low toxicity by using H-Au-TiO_(2)under visible light.OPH molecules were immobilized on HAu-TiO_(2)through adsorption method to prepare OPH@H-Au-TiO_(2).After 2.5 h of reaction,methyl parathion is completely degraded,and about 82.64%of the generated p-NP is further degraded into hydroquinone.After reused for 4 times,the OPH@H-Au-TiO_(2)retains more than 80%of the initial degradation activity.This research presents a new insight in designing and constructing multi-functional biocatalyst,which greatly expands the application scenarios and industrial value of enzyme catalysis.

关键词： Organophosphorus pesticides Multi-functional biocatalyst Enzyme-photocatalytic cascade catalyst Immobilized enzyme Organophosphorus hydrolase

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PLA_(2) mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 245-258页

作者： Jia-Yue Ji Zhao-Hua Yin Sha-Sha Zhang Dong-Xu Shen Chun-Ju An Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and biotechnology School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsu212018China Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSericultural Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhenjiangJiangsu212018China

The eicosanoid signaling pathway mediates insect immune reactions to a wide range of stimuli. This pathway begins with the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid (AA) from the hydrolysis of phospholipids catalyzed by phospholipase A_(2) (PLA_(2)). We report here that the PLA_(2) inhibitor, dexamethasone (DEX), impaired the innate immune response including nodulation, encapsulation, and melanization in Ostrinia furnacalis larvae, while AA partially reversed these effects of DEX. We cloned a full-length complementary DNA encoding a PLA_(2), designated as OfsPLA_(2), from O. furnacalis. The open reading frame of OfsPLA_(2) encodes a 195-amino acid residue protein with a 22-residue signal peptide. Sequence alignment analyses indicated that O. furnacalis PLA_(2) might be a group III secretory PLA_(2). The highest transcript levels of OfsPLA_(2) were detected in the fat body, and its transcript levels increased dramatically after infection with Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, or Beauveria bassiana. Recombinant OfsPLA_(2) significantly induced prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation in larval hemolymph in the presence of Ca^(2+) and encapsulation of agarose beads. Injection of recombinant OfsPLA_(2) into larvae resulted in increased transcript levels of attacin, defencin, and moricin-3 genes. Our results demonstrate the involvement of the eicosanoid signaling pathway in the innate immune response of O. furnacalis larvae and provide new information about the roles of O. furnacalis secretory PLA_(2) in activating PPO and antimicrobial peptide production.

关键词： eicosanoid signal pathway innate immune response Ostrinia furnacalis phospholipase A_(2)(PLA_(2))

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Butein imparts free radical scavenging, anti-oxidative and proapoptotic properties in the flower extracts of Butea monosperma

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BIOCELL 2012年第2期36卷 63-71页

作者： ANURADHA SEHRAWAT VIJAY KUMAR Virology group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyAruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi 110067India

The flower of Butea monosperma(Lam.)(Fabaceae)has been used in traditional Indian medicine in the treatment of many ailments including liver disorders.To understand the pharmacological basis of its beneficial effects,the extracts of dried flowers in water,methanol,butanol,ethyl acetate and acetone were evaluated for free radical scavenging and pro-apoptotic activities in cell cultures(human hepatoma Huh-7 cell line and immortalized AML-12 mouse hepatocytes).Butrin and butein-the active constituents of flower extracts-were used as reference molecules.The levels of cell injury markers like lactate dehydrogenase,glutathione and lipid peroxidation and primary antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferase and catalase were also measured.The aqueous and butanolic extracts exhibited better 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and cytotoxic activities in hepatoma cells than in immortalized hepatocytes.Interestingly,butein inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical better than butrin.The aqueous and butanolic extracts were further investigated for hepatoprotection against carbon tertrachloride-induced biochemical changes and cell death.Both extracts,just as butrin and butein,significantly reversed the cellular glutathione levels and lipid peroxidation,and glutathione–S-transferase activity.Lactate dehydrogenase leakage and cell death were also prevented.However,only butein revived the catalase activity.Thus,the butein content of Butea monosperma flower extracts is important for free radical scavenging activity,apoptotic cell death and protection against oxidative injury in hepatic cells.

关键词： butrin cytotoxicity hepatoprotection methanol extract free radical scavenging

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WRKY33-mediated indolic glucosinolate metabolic pathway confers resistance against Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis and Brassica crops

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第5期64卷 1007-1019页

作者： Han Tao Huiying Miao Lili Chen Mengyu Wang Chuchu Xia Wei Zeng Bo Sun Fen Zhang Shuqun Zhang Chuanyou Li Qiaomei Wang Department of Horticulture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐products Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Division of Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of MissouriColumbia 65211MissouriUSA State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics National Centre for Plant Gene Research(Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biologythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The tryptophan(Trp)-derived plant secondary metabolites,including camalexin,4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonylnitrile,and indolic glucosinolate(IGS),show broad-spectrum antifungal activity.However,the distinct regulations of these metabolic pathways among different plant species in response to fungus infection are rarely studied.In this study,our results revealed that WRKY33 directly regulates IGS biosynthesis,notably the production of 4-methoxyindole-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate(4MI3G),conferring resistance to Alternaria brassicicola,an important pathogen which causes black spot in Brassica crops.WRKY33 directly activates the expression of CYP81F2,IGMT1,and IGMT2 to drive sidechain modification of indole-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate(I3G)to 4MI3G,in both Arabidopsis and Chinese kale(Brassica oleracea var.alboglabra Bailey).However,Chinese kale showed a more severe symptom than Arabidopsis when infected by Alternaria brassicicola.Comparative analyses of the origin and evolution of Trp metabolism indicate that the loss of camalexin biosynthesis in Brassica crops during evolution might attenuate the resistance of crops to Alternaria brassicicola.As a result,the IGS metabolic pathway mediated by WRKY33 becomes essential for Chinese kale to deter Alternaria brassicicola.Our results highlight the differential regulation of Trp-derived camalexin and IGS biosynthetic pathways in plant immunity between Arabidopsis and Brassica crops.

关键词： Alternaria brassicicola glucosinolate plant defense secondary metabolism WRKY33

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Physicochemical Properties,Polysaccharide Composition Analysis and Efficacy Evaluation of Narcissus Tazetta Extract

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日用化学品科学:英文版 2023年第3期8卷 69-77页

作者： Hsiao TzuChih Pan Fawu Wang Xili Gao Yuanyuan Lin Xiaofeng Chyau CharngCherng Juwenlee Cosmetics Technology Center LUO LIH-FEN GroupChina Research Institute of biotechnology Hung Kuang UniversityChina

Numerous literature has reported that polysaccharides-based cosmetics present multifunctional effects in skin moisturizing for protecting the skin barrier.The aim of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties,purities,composition and cellular functions of polysaccharides extracted from the bulb of Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis(NBP)and to evaluate its efficacy evaluation on skin moisture,elasticity,allergies and inflammation.The polysaccharides were obtained from the Narcissus tazetta bulb by using cold water extraction and ethanol precipitation methods.The residual impurities,polysaccharides molecular weight and composition were analyzed by UV spectrophotometry,gel chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy;skin hydration and elasticity assay were analyzed following efficacy evalution on human body;laboratory test was used to evaluate histamine and nitric oxide(NO)activity.The results indicate that a yield of 6%(w/w)of NBP,show that the NBP does not contain starch,protein,colchicine,lycorine,etc.,The average molecular weight of NBP is 559 kDa,and is composed of mannose and glucose,n(mannose):n(glucose)=4:1.0.5%NBP can increase skin hydration and elasticity assay on human body.The NBP is non-cytotoxic,in the basophils RBL-2H3 cell model tests,NBP concentrations at 100~250μg/mL can effectively inhibit the release of histamine,and the NBP concentrations 600~1000μg/mL can significantly inhibit LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells which are showed dose-responsive effects.These findings demonstrate that the NBP prepared in the study could offer potent skin protection,preserving hydration and elasticity,while also providing anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory properties.It can,therefore,be considered an excellent candidate for polysaccharide-based cosmetics.

关键词： hydration elasticity histamine nitric oxide

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Ecological variations of woody species along an altitudinal gradient in the Qinling Mountains of Central China:area-based versus mass-based expression of leaf traits

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 599-608页

作者： Yongfu Chai Hailin Shang Xiaofei Zhang Ruichang Zhang Xiao Liu Ming Yue Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and biotechnology in Western China(Northwest University) Ministry of EducationTaibai North Rd.229Xi’an 710069Shaanxi ProvinceChina Environmental protection Research Institute Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group CorpXi’anChina Plant Ecology Department University of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 372076 TuebingenGermany

Leaf trait-based research has become the preferred method to understand the ecological strategies of plants.However,there is still a debate on whether area-based or mass-based traits provide different insights into environmental adaptations and responses.In this study,seven key leaf traits(maximum net photosynthetic rate,dark respiration rate,nitrogen content,photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency,leaf mass per area,leaf dry matter contents and leaf area)of 43 woody species were quantified on the basis of both area and mass along an altitudinal gradient(1100–2700 m)in the Qinling Mountains of China.Differences in leaf traits and bivariate correlations between the two expressions were compared.By considering different expressions,the strengths and directions of the responses of leaf traits to the altitudinal gradient were determined.Leaf traits showed large variations;interspecific variations contributed more to total variance than intraspecific variations.Bivariate correlations between photosynthetic traits and structural traits(mass per area,dry matter content,and area)were weaker on a mass basis than those on an area basis.Most traits exhibited quadratic trends along the altitudinal gradient,and these patterns were more noticeable for area-based than mass-based traits.Area-based traits were more sensitive to changes in temperature and precipitation associated with altitude.These results provide evidence that mass-versus area-based traits show different ecological responses to environmental conditions associated with altitude,even if they do not contain very broad spatial scales.Our results also indicate distinction of photosynthetic acclimation among the two expressions along an altitudinal gradient,reflecting trade-offs among leaf structure and physiological traits.

关键词： Altitude modulation Bivariate relationship Leaf trait Qinling Mountains

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Rock paper scissors: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated interference with geminiviruses in plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第10期62卷 1389-1391页

作者： Xiuling Yang Huanbin Zhou Xueping Zhou State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Geminiviruses are a group of circular single-stranded DNA viruses that constitute the largest family of plant viruses. Many diseases resulting from geminivirus infections, such as maize streak disease, cassava mosaic disease, tomato yellow leaf curl disease and cotton leaf curl diseases, cause significant problems in terms of economic losses, posing a serious threat to global crop productivity (Hanley-Bowdoin et al., 2013;Yang et al., 2019). As obligate intracellular parasites, geminiviruses cannot be controlled chemically. Conventional strategies to control geminiviruses rely heavily on the application of pesticides to limit insect vector populations, but it causes environmental concerns. To date, developing novel crop germplasms with durable disease resistance to geminiviruses is still the best strategy to manage viral infections due to its environmental friendliness. However, traditional breeding programs are time-intensive and labor-consuming processes, and transgene-based modern approaches by overexpressing the geminiviral proteins (e.g., the truncated form of the replication initiator protein) failed to confer resistance to geminiviruses due to activated virusinduced transgene silencing.

关键词： mosaic disease insect vector disease resistance

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