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Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause pancreatic impairment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2143-2160页

作者： Wei Deng Linlin Bao Zhiqi Song Ling Zhang Pin Yu Yanfeng Xu Jue Wang Wenjie Zhao Xiuqin Zhang Yunlin Han Yanhong Li Jiangning Liu Qi Lv Xujian Liang Fengdi Li Feifei Qi Ran Deng Siyuan Wang Yibai Xiong Ruiping Xiao Hongyang Wang Chuan Qin NHC Key laboratory of Comparative Medicine Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Institute of Molecular Medicine College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Key laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key laboratory of biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesBeijing 100871China Chinese Academy of Engineering Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital225 Changhai RoadYangpu DistrictShanghai 200438China International Co-operation laboratory on Signal Transduction Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery InstituteSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200438PR China National laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200441PR China Changping National laboratory(CPNL) Beijing 102206China State Key laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijingPR China

Evidence suggests associations between COVID-19 patients or vaccines and glycometabolic dysfunction and an even higher risk of the occurrence of ***,we retrospectively analyzed pancreatic lesions in autopsy tissues from 67 SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates(NHPs)models and 121 vaccinated and infected NHPs from 2020 to 2023 and COVID-19 ***-label immunofluorescence revealed direct infection of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells by the virus in NHPs and *** and limited phenotypic and histopathological changes were observed in adult *** proteomics and metabolomics results indicated metabolic disorders,mainly enriched in insulin resistance pathways,in infected adult NHPs,along with elevated fasting C-peptide and C-peptide/glucose ratio ***,in elder COVID-19 NHPs,SARS-CoV-2 infection causes loss of beta(β)cells and lower expressed-insulin in situ characterized by islet amyloidosis and necrosis,activation ofα-SMA and aggravated fibrosis consisting of lower collagen in serum,an increase of pancreatic inflammation and stress markers,ICAM-1 and G3BP1,along with more severe glycometabolic *** contrast,vaccination maintained glucose homeostasis by activating insulin receptorαand insulin receptorβ.Overall,the cumulative risk of diabetes post-COVID-19 is closely tied to age,suggesting more attention should be paid to blood sugar management in elderly COVID-19 patients.

关键词： infected elevated homeostasis

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Conversion of a single-layer ANN to photonic SNN for pattern recognition

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 261-270页

作者： Yanan HAN Shuiying XIANG Tianrui ZHANG Yahui ZHANG Xingxing GUO Yuechun SHI State Key laboratory of Integrated Service Networks State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian University Yongjiang laboratory

This work presents a complete conversion scheme for photonic spiking neural networks(SNNs).We verified that the output of an artificial neural network(ANN) trained with the simulated optical activation function can be directly converted into the spike rate of a photonic spiking neuron *** reveal the feasibility of hardware implementation,we considered the effects of different bit precisions of data and weight,noise level,and bias current mismatch on the converted *** proposed scheme was evaluated using the Deterding vowel,IRIS,TIDIGITS,and MNIST datasets for pattern recognition,and achieved mean accuracies of 95.80%,98.67%,96.19%,and 92.33%,*** proposed scheme can convert an ANN into a photonic SNN with almost no precision loss,and the performance was comparable to that of an ANN trained with the rectified linear unit *** proposed scheme can enable the high-performance implementation of photonic SNNs.

关键词： photonic SNN conversion optical computing pattern recognition artificial neural network

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Macroscopic model and statistical model to characterize electromagnetic information of a digital coding metasurface

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 159-171页

作者： Rui Wen Shao Jun Wei Wu Zheng Xing Wang Hui Xu Han Qing Yang Qiang Cheng Tie Jun Cui Institute of Electromagnetic Space Southeast University State Key laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Peng Cheng laboratory Pazhou laboratory(Huangpu)

A digital coding metasurface is a platform connecting the digital space and electromagnetic wave space, and has therefore gained much attention due to its intriguing value in reshaping wireless channels and realizing new communication architectures. Correspondingly, there is an urgent need for electromagnetic information theory that reveals the upper limit of communication capacity and supports the accurate design of metasurface-based communication systems. To this end, we propose a macroscopic model and a statistical model of the digital coding metasurface. The macroscopic model uniformly accommodates both digital and electromagnetic aspects of the meta-atoms and predicts all possible scattered fields of the digital coding metasurface based on a small number of simulations or measurements. Full-wave simulations and experimental results show that the macroscopic model is feasible and accurate. A statistical model is further proposed to correlate the mutual coupling between meta-atoms with covariance and to calculate the entropy of the equivalent currents of digital coding metasurface. These two models can help reconfigurable intelligent surfaces achieve more accurate beamforming and channel estimation, and thus improve signal power and coverage. Moreover, the models will encourage the creation of a precoding codebook in metasurface-based direct digital modulation systems, with the aim of approaching the upper limit of channel capacity. With these two models, the concepts of current space and current entropy, as well as the analysis of information loss from the coding space to wave space, is established for the first time, helping to bridge the gap between the digital world and the physical world, and advancing developments of electromagnetic information theory and new-architecture wireless systems.

关键词： electromagnetic information theory current entropy current space digital coding metasurface macroscopic model statistical model

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laboratory Implementation of Direct Torque Controller based Speed Loop Pseudo Derivative Feedforward Controller for PMSM Drive

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第1期8卷 12-21页

作者： Prabhakaran Koothu Kesavan Umashankar Subramaniam Dhafer J.Almakhles IEEE Renewable Energy laboratory Department of Electrical EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh 12435Saudi Arabia

This paper,evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed speed loop pseudo derivative feedforward(PDFF)controller-based direct torque controller(DTC)for a PMSM drive against the performance of existing PI speed controller-based DTC and hysteresis current controller(HCC).The proposed PDFF-based speed regulator effectively reduces oscillation and overshoot associated with rotor angular speed,electromagnetic torque,and stator *** case studies,one using forward-to-reverse motoring operation and the other involving reverse-to-forward braking operation,has been validated to show the effectiveness of the proposed control *** proposed controller's superior performance is demonstrated through experimental verification utilizing an FPGA controller for a 1.5 kW PMSM drive laboratory prototype.

关键词： Direct torque control Pseudo derivative feedforward controller Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)

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The m^(6)A regulator KIAA1429 stabilizes RAB27B mRNA and promotes the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia and resistance to targeted therapy

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 993-1008页

作者： Fangyi Yao Fangmin Zhong Junyao Jiang Ying Cheng Shuai Xu Jing Liu Jin Lin Jing Zhang Shuqi Li Meiyong Li Yanmei Xu Bo Huang Xiaozhong Wang Jiangxi Province Key laboratory of laboratory Medicine Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi 330006China

Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a common adult *** the acute phase of the disease and the adverse effects of anti-cancer treatments can lead to a poor *** N6-methyladenine(m^(6)A)modification plays an important regulatory role in various physiological and pathological ***1429 is a known m^(6)A regulator,but the biological role of KIAA1429 in CML is *** this study,we observed that the m^(6)A levels and KIAA1429 expression were significantly up-regulated in patients with blast phase ***,KIAA1429 regulated the total level of RNA m^(6)A modification in the CML cells and promoted the malignant biological behaviors of CML cells,including proliferation,migration,and imatinib *** KIAA1429 in CML cells reduced the stability of RAB27B mRNA through the m^(6)A/YTHDF1 axis,consequently inhibiting CML proliferation and drug efflux,ultimately increasing the sensitivity of CML cells to ***,the knockdown of RAB27B also inhibited the proliferation and drug resistance of CML cells and promoted their ***,a recently developed anti-cancer agent,suppressed the expression of KIAA1429 and CML cell proliferation and promoted cell *** also inhibited the tumorigenesis of CML cells in *** combined use of rucaparib and imatinib enhanced the sensitivity of CML cells to *** study provides evidence that elevated KIAA1429 expression in the blast phase of CML enhances the stability of RAB27B mRNA through the m^(6)A/YTHDF1 axis to up-regulate RAB27B expression,thereby promoting CML *** exerts inhibitory effects on KIAA1429 expression and thus reduces CML progression.

关键词： Chronic myeloid leukemia KIAA1429 N6-methyladenine RAB27B Rucaparib YTHDF1

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Bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 271-295页

作者： Xu Cheng Zhangming Shen Yihui Zhang Applied Mechanics laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University

Flexible devices and functional systems with elaborated three-dimensional(3D) architectures can endow better mechanical/electrical performances, more design freedom, and unique functionalities, when compared to their two-dimensional(2D) counterparts. Such 3D flexible devices/systems are rapidly evolving in three primary directions, including the miniaturization, the increasingly merged physical/artificial intelligence and the enhanced adaptability and capabilities of heterogeneous *** challenges exist in this emerging research area, such as relatively poor controllability in the locomotion of soft robotic systems, mismatch of bioelectronic interfaces, and signal coupling in multi-parameter sensing. By virtue of long-time–optimized materials, structures and processes, natural organisms provide rich sources of inspiration to address these challenges, enabling the design and manufacture of many bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems. In this Review, we focus on bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems, and summarize their representative design concepts, manufacturing methods, principles of structure-function relationship and broad-ranging applications. Discussions on existing challenges, potential solutions and future opportunities are also provided to usher in further research efforts toward realizing bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems with precisely programmed shapes,enhanced mechanical/electrical performances, and high-level physical/artificial intelligence.

关键词： bioinspired designs biomimetic 3D structures 3D flexible electronics 3D functional systems direct 3D manufacture 2D-to-3D assembly

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Micelle-directed self-assembly of single-crystal-like mesoporous stoichiometric oxides for high-performance lithium storage

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 195-205页

作者： Yanhua Wan Changyao Wang Xingmiao Zhang Yang Yin Mengmeng Liu Bing Ma Linlin Duan Yuzhu Ma Wei Zhang Changlin Zheng Dongliang Chao Fei Wang Yongyao Xia Wei Li Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceFudan University State Key laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics Fudan University

Due to their uncontrollable assembly and crystallization process,the synthesis of mesoporous metal oxide single crystals remains a formidable ***,we report the synthesis of single-crystal-like mesoporous Li2TiSiO5by using soft micelles as *** key lies in the atomic-scale self-assembly and step-crystallization processes,which ensure the formation of single-crystal-like mesoporous Li2TiSiO5microparticles via an oriented attachment growth mechanism under the confinement of an in-situ formed carbon *** mesoporous Li2TiSiO5anode achieves a superior rate capability(148 mAh g-1at5.0 A g-1) and outstanding long-term cycling stability(138 mAh g-1after 3000 cycles at 2.0 A g-1) for lithium storage as a result of the ultrafast Li+diffusion caused by penetrating mesochannels and nanosized crystal frameworks（5-10 nm）.In comparison,bulk Li2TiSiO5exhibits poor rate capability and cycle performance due to micron-scale diffusion *** method is very simple and reproducible,heralding a new way of designing and synthesizing mesoporous single crystals with controllable frameworks and chemical functionalities.

关键词： mesoporous materials micelles single-crystal-like Li2TiSiO5 lithium-ion batteries

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Moiré superlattices arising from growth induced by screw dislocations in layered materials

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 72-77页

作者：田伏钰 Muhammad Faizan 贺欣孙远慧张立军 State Key laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Key laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Suzhou laboratory Suzhou 215123China

Moiré superlattices(MSLs) are modulated structures produced from homogeneous or heterogeneous two-dimensional layers stacked with a twist angle and/or lattice mismatch. Enriching the methods for fabricating MSL and realizing the unique emergent properties are key challenges in its investigation. Here we recommend that the spiral dislocation driven growth is another optional method for the preparation of high quality MSL samples. The spiral structure stabilizes the constant out-of-plane lattice distance, causing the variations in electronic and optical properties. Taking SnS_(2) MSL as an example, we find prominent properties including large band gap reduction(~ 0.4 e V) and enhanced optical activity. Firstprinciples calculations reveal that these unusual properties can be ascribed to the locally enhanced interlayer interaction associated with the Moiré potential modulation. We believe that the spiral dislocation driven growth would be a powerful method to expand the MSL family and broaden their scope of application.

关键词： Moirésuperlattices interlayer interaction spiral dislocation layered materials

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laboratory studies on the infectivity of human respiratory viruses:Experimental conditions,detections,and resistance to the atmospheric environment

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 471-483页

作者： Yaohao Hu Shuyi Peng Bojiang Su Tao Wang Juying Lin Wei Sun Xiaodong Hu Guohua Zhang Xinming Wang Ping'an Peng Xinhui Bi State Key laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou 510640China

The environmental stability of infectious viruses in the laboratory setting is crucial to the transmission potential of human respiratory *** experimental techniques or conditions used in studies over the past decades have led to diverse understandings and predictions for the stability of viral infectivity in the atmospheric *** this paper,we review the current knowledge on the effect of simulated atmospheric conditions on the infectivity of respiratory viruses,mainly focusing on influenza viruses and coronaviruses,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome ***,we summarize the impact of the experimental conditions on viral stability;these involve the methods of viral aerosol generation,storage during aging and collection,the virus types and strains,the suspension matrixes,the initial inoculum volumes and concentrations,and the drying ***,we summarize and discuss the detection methods of viral infectivity and their ***,we integrate the results from the reviewed studies to obtain an overall understanding of the effects of atmospheric environmental conditions on the decay of infectious viruses,especially aerosolized ***,this review highlights the knowledge gaps in predicting the ability of viruses to maintain infectivity during airborne transmission.

关键词： Respiratory viruses Viral infectivity laboratory simulation Atmospheric environmental condition Airborne transmission

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Chain Dynamics Heterogeneity in Plasticized Poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) as Elucidated by Solid-State NMR

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 113-124,I0010页

作者： Jing Lv Xu Chen Zi-Shuo Wu Ya-Hui Li Wei Chen National Synchrotron Radiation laboratory Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryUniversity of Scienceand Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The chain dynamics heterogeneity of the poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) plasticized by triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexa noate)(TEG-EH) was investigated by various solid-state NMR *** plasticized PVB shows two domains in distinct molecular dynamics differences,namely,rigid and soft domains,where the latter is the plasticizer-rich *** time domain low field NMR was first used to investigate the dynamics heterogeneity of the plasticized PVB,and the results show the decreasing activated energy of components in the soft domain of plasticized PVB(E_a=20.2 kJ/mol) as compared with that of the pristine one(E_a=24.3 kJ/mol).Detailed dynamics heterogeneity was obtained by high-field NMR with site-specific *** quadrupole-echo ~2H-NMR was adopted to elucidate the dynamics heterogeneity of the vinyl alcohol(VA) units,where only the hydroxyl group of VA is *** ~1H-^(13)C WISE NMR spectra show that there is not much difference in the mobility of the VB unit in PVB with and without plasticizer,whereas the glass transition temperature differed by approximately 53℃.This is further supported by Torchia's T_1 relaxation *** origin of such an unusual phenomenon is attributed to the critical role of the remaining VA(~22%) in the soft domain,where the VA units locally aggregate through hydrogen ***,the existence of a mobility gradient in the VB unit has been ***,the mobility difference for VB with different stereo-geometry(meso or racemic conformation) is observed for the first *** indicates the importance of modulating the ratio of meso over racemic VB for controlling the macroscopic perfo rmance of PVB.

关键词： Poly(vinyl butyral) Dynamics heterogeneity Plasticizer Solid state NMR

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