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Catalytic Pyrolysis of Soybean Oil with CaO/Bio-Char Based Catalyst to Produce High Quality Biofuel

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第12期10卷 3107-3118页

作者： Lujiang Xu Geliang Xie Xianjun Zhou Yucheng Liu Zhen Fang biomass group College of EngineeringNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210031China

In this paper,CaO/bio-char was synthesized by directly co-pyrolysis of Ca(OH)_(2) and rice straw,and used as catalyst to catalytic pyrolysis of soybean oil to produce high quality *** this co-pyrolysis process,CaO particles has been successfully embedded on the bio-char *** the catalytic pyrolysis process,CaO/biochar showed a good catalytic performance on the deoxygenation of soybean *** temperature affected the pyrolysis reactions and pyrolytic products distributions dramatically,higher pyrolysis temperature lead to seriously cracking reactions,lower bio-oil yield and higher gases yield,and lower pyrolysis temperature lead to higher bio-oil yield with higher oxygenated compounds content and lower hydrocarbons contents,the suitable pyrolysis temperature was around 650℃.Under the optimal conditions(650℃ with WHSV at 6.4 h^(−1) and carrier gas flow rate at 100 ml/min),the selectivity(%)of hydrocarbons in the bio-oil was more than 90%.CaO/bio-char catalyst still shows good catalytic deoxygenation activity after 4 cycles.1 g of CaO/bio-char catalyst can catalyze pyrolysis of 32 g of soybean oil to produce high-quality liquid ***-char based catalyst has been proved to be a promising catalyst for catalytic conversion of triglyceride-based lipids into high quality liquid biofuel.

关键词： Carbonization CaO/bio-char catalytic pyrolysis deoxygenation high quality biofuel

Evolution of biomass particles during pelletization process

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 182-187页

作者： Hamid Rezaei Maryam Tajilrou Jun Sian Lee Kanages Singaraveloo Anthony Lau Shahab Sokhansanj biomass and Bioenergy Research group Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Pulverizing is an essential unit operation in co-firing biomass with *** are only compatible with pellet forms of fibrous biomass materials and crush them down to their original forming particle *** is why the data on the size distribution of the particles forming a biomass pellet is crucial to achieving optimum combustion *** current study determines the internal particle size distribution of pellets after wet disintegration,following Iso 17830 standard,and aims to suggest improvements to the mentioned standard based on new measured *** were carried out on white wood pellets(no bark)and brown wood pellets containing bark at four water temperatures:20,40,60,and 95℃,with or without *** particle size distribution of the pre-pelletizer wood particles was also measured and compared with particles in the formed *** water temperature of 20℃ was found to be adequate for the complete disintegration of pellets,and no mechanical stirring was *** 30% of particles in the disintegrated pellets were 0.5-1.0 *** changes the particle size distribution to smaller *** disintegrated bark pellets contained more fines than white pellets.

关键词： Wood pellets Particle sizes distribution Wet disintegration Stirring Water temperature

Effects of Exogenous NO Combined with EDDS on Growth and Cd Accumulation of Bidens pilosa under Soil Cd Stress Conditions

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2025年第3期46卷 1783-1794页

作者： Lu, Yu-Zhi Chen, Yin-Ping Xie, Hai-Fan Cao, Bo Li, Qian Sun, Yong Yuan, Qiao-Ling Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral resources of the Upper Yellow River Ministry of Natural Resources College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou730070 China

Under 40 mg·kg-1 Cd stress，pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of 0.05，0.10，0.20，and 0.30 mmol·L-1 sodium nitroprusside（SNP）and 0.50，1.00，and 1.50 mmol·L-1［S，S］-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid（EDDS）on the growth，metabolism，and Cd accumulation of Bidens pilosa seedlings. The results showed that compared with those of the control group（without SNP and EDDS），different concentrations of SNP or EDDS single treatment could significantly increase the plant height，root length，fresh weight，and dry weight of aboveground and underground parts of B. pilosa and effectively increase the photosynthetic pigment content and Cd content in the aboveground and underground parts. The combined treatment of different concentrations of SNP and EDDS could effectively promote the growth of B. pilosa，and some growth indices and Cd accumulation indices were higher than those of the single treatment of SNP and EDDS at the same concentration. Among them，the 0.20 mmol·L-1 SNP + 1.00 mmol·L-1 EDDS composite treatment had the following effects：① The treatment significantly promoted the biomass of B. pilosa and increased the plant height and fresh and dry weight of aboveground and underground parts by 39.47%，142.32% and 267.63%，and 377.63% and 304.55%，respectively. ② It significantly improved the remediation effect of B. pilosa on Cd-contaminated soil，and the Cd content，enrichment coefficient，remediation efficiency，and transport coefficient of aboveground and underground parts of B. pilosa were increased by 91.22% and 81.51%，101.71%，and 91.37%，641.67%，and 5.14%，respectively，and the Cd content and enrichment coefficient of aboveground parts were significantly higher than those of underground parts. ③ The treatment also significantly increased the Cd content in subcellular fractions of B. pilosa，the Cd content in the cell wall and soluble part was higher than that in the organelle and mitochondrial parts，and the Cd content in subcellular fractions of the aboveground part was also

关键词： Soil pollution

Effect of Low-density Polyethylene Microplastics on Soybean-soil-microbial System

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2025年第3期46卷 1831-1840页

作者： Jia, Yu-Fei Wang, Jia-Wen Wang, Rui-Kun Wang, Tian-Qi Xu, Xue-Hui Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient resources College of Grassland resources and Environment Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot010018 China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Safety and Green Development of Autonomous Region Higher Education Institutions College of Grassland resources and Environment Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot010018 China

The widespread use of plastics has led to the prevalence of microplastics in the soil environment，which，as an emerging pollutant，affects plant growth，soil physicochemical properties，and microbial community structure. The effects of different contents of low-density polyethylene microplastics（LDPE-MPs）on soybean growth，soil physicochemical properties，soil enzyme activities，and microbial activities were investigated through pot culture experiments to explore the toxic effects of microplastics on soybean-soil-microbial systems. The results showed that compared with that in the control，microplastics inhibited soybean emergence（14.1%-25.0%），whereas plant height，biomass，and pod weight were inhibited by low concentration and promoted by high concentration，and SPAD of soybean was significantly reduced by high concentrations of microplastics stress. Microplastics affected the quality of soybeans，with s-sugars，s-proteins，and cellulose increased by 117.7%-258.8%，3.7%-61.6%，and 47.8%-83.4%，respectively，compared with those in the control. Microplastic addition also affected soybean nutrient uptake，as evidenced by the promotion of N（95.1%-144.4%）and P（4.1%-20.4%）uptake in the aboveground portion of soybeans and N（11.4%-19.4%）and P（8.5%-42.6%）uptake in the below-ground portion of soybeans，and inhibited K（2.2%-15.3%）uptake in the aboveground portion of the plant and K（3.9%-9.4%）uptake in the below-ground portion of the plan，respectively. The addition of microplastics had little effect on soil pH;however，it significantly increased CEC（65.1%-74.7%）and SOM（22.6%）. With the increase in the addition content，the content of NO3−-N，AP，AK，and UE activities were significantly reduced;the content of NO3−-N，AP，and AK was reduced by 57.7%，22.0%，and 18.8% compared with that in the control at 3% addition，respectively;and UE activity was inhibited by 13.98%. Further，16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that microplastic stress increased the abundance of the Proteobacter group and reduced the abunda

关键词： function microbial microplastics(MPs) soil soybean

Heterogeneously-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of furfural to furancarboxylic acid with CuO-Promoted MnO_(2)

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第6期8卷 1683-1692页

作者： Xin Yu Tingke Jin Huiqiang Wang Guoqing Zhang Wenlong Jia Lincai Peng Yong Sun Xing Tang Xianhai Zeng Shuliang Yang Zheng Li Feng Xu Lu Lin College of Energy Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China Institute of Geology Xibu Drilling Engineering Company LimitedChina National Petroleum CorporationXinjiang834000China biomassChem group Faculty of Chemical EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnan650500China Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for biomass China Xiamen Key Laboratory of High-valued Utilization of biomass Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China Beijing Forestry Univ Inst Biomass Chem&TechnolBeijing100083China

A cost-effective and sustainable noble-metal free catalyst system based on ubiquitously available Mn-Cu bimetallic oxides was served as efficient catalysts for furfural selective oxidation to furancarboxylic acid(FA). Interestingly, Mn_(2)Cu_(1)O_(x)exhibited an excellent furfural conversion of 99% with quantitative selectivity toward FA. Especially, we demonstrate the significant weakening of the Mn-O bonds with the incorporation of CuO into the Mn-Cu oxides, resulting in an improved OLreactivity of Mn_(2)Cu_(1)O_(x), which brings about a higher catalytic activity for furfural oxidation. More importantly, Mn_(2)Cu_(1)O_(x)could exhibit YFA>90% over 5 cycles of reusability test. Through this study, the relationship between the morphology, surface chemistry, and catalytic activity of Mn-Cu bimetallic oxides are elucidated, providing a simple and environmentally friendly catalytic strategy and scientific basis for the development of Mn-Cu bimetallic oxides bioderived molecular aerobic oxidation materials.

关键词： Furfural Mn–Cu bimetallic oxides Oxidation Lattice oxygen Furancarboxylic acid

Pyrolysis mechanism of glucose and mannose: The formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第2期27卷 486-501页

作者： Bin Hu Qiang Lu Xiaoyan Jiang Xiaochen Dong Minshu Cui Changqing Dong Yongping Yang National Engineering Laboratory for biomass Power Generation Equipment North China Electric Power University

Fast pyrolysis of biomass will produce various furan derivatives, among which 5-hydroxymethyl furfural（5-HMF） and furfural（FF） are usually the two most important compounds derived from holocellulose. In this study, density functional theory（DFT） calculations are utilized to reveal the formation mechanisms and pathways of 5-HMF and FF from two hexose units of holocellulose, i.e., glucose and mannose. In addition, fast pyrolysis experiments of glucose and mannose are conducted to substantiate the computational results, and the orientation of 5-HMF and FF is determined by 13C-labeled glucoses. Experimental results indicate that C1 provides the aldehyde group in both 5-HMF and FF, and FF is mainly derived from C1 to C5 segment. According to the computational results, glucose and mannose have similar reaction pathways to form 5-HMF and FF with d-fructose（DF） and 3-deoxy-glucosone（3-DG） as the key intermediates. 5-HMF and FF are formed via competing pathways. The formation of 5-HMF is more competitive than that of FF, leading to higher yield of 5-HMF than FF from both hexoses. In addition, compared with glucose,mannose can form 5-HMF and FF via extra pathways because of the epimerization at C2 position. Therefore, mannose pyrolysis results in higher yields of 5-HMF and FF than glucose pyrolysis.

关键词： Pyrolysis mechanism 5-HMF FF Density functional theory ^13C isotope labeling

Preparation and Characterization of Tung Oil Toughened Modified Phenolic Foams with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Smoke Suppression

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第5期8卷 535-547页

作者： Fei Song Puyou Jia Caiying Bo Xiaoli Ren Lihong Hu Yonghong Zhou Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of ForestryNational Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical UtilizationCo-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesKey Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest ProductsNational Forestry and Grassland AdministrationKey Laboratory of Biomass Energy and MaterialsNanjing210042China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing210037China

In this study,we prepared a series of tung oil phenolic foams(TPF)by a one-pot *** FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra confirm the successful Friedel-Crafts grafting of phenol to the long-chain alkyl group in tung *** TPFs exhibit enhanced mechanical properties,including compressive and flexural strengths of up to 0.278±0.036 MPa and 0.450±0.017 MPa,respectively,which represent increases of 68.75%and 86.72%over those of pure phenolic foam(PF).SEM spectra reveal the TPF microstructure to have uniform hexagonal cell morphology,narrower cell size distribution,and smaller mean cell size,suggesting enhanced mechanical *** TPF total smoke release decreased by 74.23%,indicating that the long alkyl chain significantly improves smoke suppression of the combusting ***,due to the flammability of the alkyl chains,the TPF limiting oxygen index decreases with increasing tung oil ***,TPF exhibits reduced thermal stability and high-temperature charring rate,elevated peak and mean heat release rates,and higher total heat release compared with pure ***,future research will focus on the use of tung oil modified flame retardant to provide more robust phenolic foams.

关键词： Tung oil Friedel-Craft reaction phenolic foams mechanical properties smoke suppression

Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Antibacterial Activities of Two New Methyl 12-Alkylamino-13,14-dinitrodeisopropyl-dehydroabietates

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2019年第2期38卷 257-262,167页

作者： CHEN Hao GENG Yi WANG Shi-Fa GU Wen Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest biomass Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University

The title compounds(5 a and 5 b) were synthesized from dehydroabietic acid and characterized by MS, IR, NMR and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of compound 5 a was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound is of monoclinic system, space group P21 with a = 8.0860(16), b = 14.011(3), c = 9.799(2) ?, β = 106.31(3)?, Z = 2, V = 1065.5(4) ?3, Mr = 431.48, Dc = 1.345 Mg/m3, S = 1.002, μ = 0.099 mm-1, F(000) = 460, the final R = 0.0617 and wR = 0.1532 for 1397 observed reflections(I > 2σ(I)). The preliminary antibacterial assay showed that compound 5 a exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA) with MIC values of 2～8 μg/mL.

关键词： dehydroabietic acid synthesis crystal structure antibacterial activity

Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Electrochemical Properties of Three Anhydrides Based on Ferrocenecarboxylic Acid and Dehydroabietic Acid

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2020年第3期39卷 579-587,380页

作者： CAI Xu-Min CHEN Xin-Fei ZHANG Xue-Dan HUANG Yuan GU Wen WANG Fei College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest BiomassJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Three title compounds(3~5) have been successfully synthesized via interactive reactions between ferrocenecarboxylic and dehydroabietic acids, which can be characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, ESI-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of compounds 4 and 5 can be determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 4 is of orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 7.7010(5), b = 11.7542(9), c = 28.3173(18) ?, Z = 4, V = 2563.3(3) ?~3, Mr = 512.45, Dc = 1.328 g/cm^(-1), S = 1.041, μ = 0.619 mm^(-1), F(000) = 1088, the final R = 0.0396 and wR = 0.0945 for 4394 observed reflections(I > 2σ(I)). Compound 5 crystallizes in orthorhombic system, space group P21212 as well, with parameters of a = 11.9875(15), b = 19.651(2), c = 7.2163(9) ?, Z = 2, V = 1699.9(3) ?~3, Mr = 582.83, Dc = 1.139 g/cm^(-1), S = 1.091, μ = 0.070 mm^(-1), F(000) = 636, the final R = 0.0653 and wR = 0.0719 for 1518 observed reflections(I > 2σ(I)). Additionally, electrochemical properties of compounds 3 and 4 have been investigated by the cyclic and differential pulse voltammogram techniques.

关键词： dehydroabietic acid anhydride crystal structure electrochemical properties