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Bias Adjustment and Analysis of Chinese Daily Historical Radiosonde Temperature Data

Journal of meteorological Research 2021年第1期35卷 17-31页

作者： Zhe CHEN Zijiang ZHOU Zhiquan LIU Qinglei LI Xiaoling ZHANG National meteorological information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80301USA beijing meteorological information center Beijing Meteorological ServiceBeijing 100089China

The discontinuities in historical Chinese radiosonde datasets are attributed to artificial errors. In order to reflect more realistically basic conditions of the atmosphere over China and provide more reasonable radiosonde data as input to climate change analysis and to atmospheric reanalysis data assimilation systems, this paper proposes a scheme to identify breakpoints and adjust biases in daily radiosonde observations. The ongoing ECMWF Re Analysis-Interim(ERA-Interim) 12-h forecasts are used as reference series in the scheme, complemented by the ECMWF Twentieth Century Reanalysis(ERA-20 C). A series of breakpoint identification schemes are developed and combined with metadata to detect breakpoints. The Quantile-Matching(QM) method is applied to test and adjust daily radiosonde data on 12 mandatory pressure levels collected at 80 sounding stations during 1979–2013. The adjusted temperatures on mandatory levels are interpolated to significant levels for temperature adjustment on these levels. The adjustment scheme not only solves the data discontinuity problem caused by changes in observational instruments and bias correction methods, but also solves the discontinuity problem in the 1200 minus 0000 UTC temperature time series on mandatory levels at individual sounding stations. Before the adjustment, obvious discontinuities can be found in the deviation field between the raw radiosonde data and ERA-Interim reanalysis with relatively large deviations before 2001. The deviation discontinuity is mainly attributed to the nationwide upgrade of the radiosonde system in China around 2001. After the adjustment, the time series of deviations becomes more continuous. In addition, compared with the adjusted temperature data on mandatory levels over 80 radiosonde stations in China contained in the Radiosonde Observation Correction Using Reanalyses(RAOBCORE) 1.5, the dataset adjusted by the method proposed in the present study exhibits higher quality than RAOBCORE 1.5, while d

关键词： daily radiosonde temperature data mandatory levels significant levels bias adjustment

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A New Globally Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature Analysis Dataset since 1900

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Journal of meteorological Research 2021年第6期35卷 911-925页

作者： Lifan CHEN Lijuan CAO Zijiang ZHOU Dongbin ZHANG Jie LIAO National meteorological information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

A new globally reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST)analysis dataset developed by the China meteorological Administration(CMA-SST),available on 2°×2°and monthly resolutions since 1900,is described and assessed in this *** dataset has been constructed from a newly developed integrated dataset with denser and wider sampling of in situ SST observations and follows similar analysis techniques to the Extended Reconstructed SST,version 5(ERSST.v5).Assessments show that the larger observation quantity of the input data source is beneficial to making the reconstructed SSTs more realistic than those reconstructed with ICOADS 3.0+GTS(International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset 3.0 and Global Telecommunication System),especially in China’s offshore sea ***,a specific parameter for bias correction has been upgraded to be self-adaptive to the input data source,and serves as a mediator to improve the accuracy of the reconstructed ***,the reconstructed CMA-SST dataset is comparable to currently congeneric *** biases are similar to those of ERSST.v5,the Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SST version 2(COBE-SST2),the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and SST dataset version 2(Had ISST2),and the Hadley Centre SST dataset version 3(Had SST3);and more specifically,they are closest to ERSST.v5 and lower than Had ISST2 and Had SST3 at high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere where in situ observations are ***,its temporal characteristics,such as the year-to-year variations of globally averaged SST anomalies and time series of the Nino-3.4,Atlantic multidecadal oscillation,and Pacific decadal oscillation indices are also a good match to those of congeneric *** the warming rates of CMA-SST are a little higher in many regions over the periods 1900-2019 and 1950-2019,they are found to be acceptable and within the quantified uncertainties of ***,there are noticeable differences in the strength and stability o

关键词： sea surface temperature CMA-SST dataset bias correction reconstruction climate change

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Development of an Integrated Global Land Surface Dataset from 1901 to 2018

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Journal of meteorological Research 2021年第5期35卷 789-798页

作者： Hui JIANG Wenhui XU Su YANG Yani ZHU Zijiang ZHOU Jie LIAO National meteorological information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

We developed an integrated global land surface dataset(IGLD)at the National meteorological information center of China meteorological *** IGLD consists of hourly data for 75 variables from five data *** contains not only the most widely used variables(e.g.,pressure,temperature,dew-point temperature,and precipitation),but also visibility,cloud cover,snow depth,and so on.A hierarchy of data sources was created to identify duplicate *** records located higher in the hierarchy were adopted preferentially in the IGLD.A comprehensive quality control procedure including extreme value test,internal consistency check,and spatiotemporal consistency check,was applied to the *** IGLD consists of land surface observations at more than 20,000 global sites from 1901 to 2018,of which about 17,000 stations are currently *** number of global observatories generally increased over time,except for the 1960 s to 1970 *** increased from about 2300 in 1951 to 17,000 in *** observations over America,Europe,and eastern Asia always showed a high temporal integrity and dense spatial coverage,whereas measurements were sparser in South America,Africa,Russia,and the Mediterranean *** general,the standard and intermediate standard times for observation suggested by the World meteorological Organization(WMO)were followed globally,except in Australia,where there were few data measured on the WMO *** IGLD has been used in the China’s first generation global atmospheric reanalysis product(CRA)and the global daily precipitation dataset.

关键词： surface observation integration quality control

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Applicability Assessment of the 1998–2018 CLDAS Multi-Source Precipitation Fusion Dataset over China

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 879-892页

作者： Shuai SUN Chunxiang SHI Yang PAN Lei BAI Bin XU Tao ZHANG Shuai HAN Lipeng JIANG National meteorological information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Traditional hourly rain gauges and automatic weather stations rarely measure solid precipitation, except for those stations with weighing-type precipitation sensors. Microwave remote sensing has only a low ability to retrieve solid precipitation. In addition, there are no long-term, high-quality precipitation data in China that can be used to drive land surface models. To address these issues, in the China meteorological Administration(CMA) Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS), we blended the Climate Prediction center(CPC) morphing technique(CMORPH) and Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2(MERRA2) precipitation datasets with observed temperature and precipitation data on various temporal scales using multigrid variational analysis and temporal downscaling to produce a multi-source precipitation fusion dataset for China(CLDAS-Prcp). This dataset covers all of China at a resolution of 6.25 km at hourly intervals from 1998 to 2018. We performed dependent and independent evaluations of the CLDAS-Prcp dataset from the perspectives of seasonal total precipitation and land surface model simulation. Our results show that the CLDAS-Prcp dataset represents reasonably the spatial distribution of precipitation in China. The dependent evaluation indicates that the CLDAS-Prcp performs better than the MERRA2 precipitation, CMORPH precipitation, Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2(GLDAS-V2.1) precipitation,and CLDAS-V2.0 winter precipitation, as compared to the meteorological observational precipitation. The independent evaluation indicates that the CLDAS-Prcp dataset performs better than the Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) precipitation dataset and is similar to the CLDAS-V2.0 summer precipitation dataset based on the hydrological observational precipitation. The simulated soil moisture content driven by CLDAS-Prcp is slightly better than that driven by the CLDAS-V2.0 precipitation, whereas the snow depth simulation driven by C

关键词： China meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS) precipitation data fusion Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2(MERRA2) Climate Prediction center(CPC)morphing technique(CMORPH) Space–Time Multiscale Variational Analysis System(STMAS) Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options(Noah-MP)

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Comparison of the Global Energy Cycle between Chinese Reanalysis Interim and ECMWF Reanalysis

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Journal of meteorological Research 2019年第3期33卷 563-575页

作者： Bin ZHAO Bo ZHANG Chunxiang SHI Jingwei LIU Lipeng JIANG National meteorological center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China meteorological Administration Numerical Weather Prediction center Beijing 100081 National meteorological information center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081

The global energy cycle is a diagnostic metric widely used to gauge the quality of datasets. In this paper, the "Mixed Space-Time Domain" method for diagnosis of energy cycle is evaluated by using newly developed datasets-the Chinese Reanalysis Interim (CRAI) and ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5), over a 7-yr period (2010-16) on seasonal and monthly timescales. The results show that the energy components calculated from the two reanalysis datasets are highly consistent;however, some components in the global energy integral from CRAI are slightly larger than those from ERA5. The main discrepancy in the energy components stems from the conversion of baroclinic process, whereas the dominant difference originates from the conversion from stationary eddy available potential energy to stationary eddy kinetic energy (CES), which is caused by systematic differences in the temperature and vertical velocity in low-mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and near the Antarctic, where there exist complex terrains. Furthermore, the monthly analysis reveals that the general discrepancy in the temporal variation between the two datasets also lie mainly in the CES as well as corresponding generation and dissipation rates.

关键词： global energy cycle transient waves conversion terms Chinese Reanalysis Interim (CRAI) ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5)

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A New Method for Deriving High-Vertical-Resolution Wind Vector Data from the L-Band Radar Sounding System in China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第11期41卷 2192-2202页

作者： Fang YUAN Zijiang ZHOU Jie LIAO National meteorological information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

High-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind data are highly valuable for describing the dynamics of the meso-and microscale atmosphere. However, the current algorithm used in China's L-band radar sounding system for calculating highvertical-resolution wind vectors excessively smooths the data, resulting in significant underestimation of the calculated kinetic energy of gravity waves compared to similar products from other countries, which greatly limits the effective utilization of the data. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel method to calculate high-vertical-resolution wind vectors that utilizes the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and slant range from L-band radar. In order to obtain wind data with a stable quality, a two-step automatic quality control procedure, including the RMSE-F(root-mean-square error F) test and elemental consistency test are first applied to the slant range data, to eliminate continuous erroneous data caused by unstable signals or radar malfunctions. Then, a wind calculation scheme based on a sliding second-order polynomial fitting is utilized to derive the high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors. The evaluation results demonstrate that the wind data obtained through the proposed method show a high level of consistency with the high-resolution wind data observed using the Vaisala Global Positioning System and the data observed by the new Beidou Navigation Sounding System. The calculation of the kinetic energy of gravity waves in the recalculated wind data also reaches a level comparable to the Vaisala observations.

关键词： L-band radar sounding system upper air high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors quality control polynomial fitting

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Mechanism of inflammatory response and therapeutic effects of stem cells in ischemic stroke:current evidence and future perspectives

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 67-81页

作者： Yubo Wang Tingli Yuan Tianjie Lyu Ling Zhang Meng Wang Zhiying He Yongjun Wang Zixiao Li Vascular Neurology Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Shanghai Engineering Research center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine ShanghaiChina National center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Chinese Institute for Brain Research BeijingChina Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina beijing Engineering Research center of Digital Healthcare for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger ***,in particular,bears a high burden of stroke *** recent years,the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot:understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for its *** review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke,including microglia,neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes,and ***,we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for ischemic stroke,particularly in the field of stem cell ***,understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient *** cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.

关键词： cell therapy immune cell inflammatory ischemic stroke stem cell

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Development of a Self-Recording Per-Minute Precipitation Dataset for China

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Journal of meteorological Research 2019年第6期33卷 1157-1167页

作者： Xiaohui JU Shaoping HUANG Changjun LI Jun LI Yunjian ZHAN Shaohua FAN National meteorological information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Jiangxi meteorological information center Nanchang 330096 Shandong meteorological information center Jinan 250031 Department of Forecasting and Networking China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

The establishment of self-recording precipitation observation systems in China began in 1951,and strips of self-recording precipitation graph paper have been archived since *** than 9 million sheets of self-recording graph paper from 2253 stations in 31 provinces have been digitized by using image scanning and curve extraction *** specification and quality control have been applied to the digitized data,and the China Surface Self-Recording Per-Minute Precipitation Dataset(V1.0)has been *** integrity and accuracy of this dataset are *** is the first attempt in China to establish a per-minute precipitation dataset that covers the period from1951 to *** evaluation reveals that the station density is high and the data continuity is good in most areas of ***,the integrity of stations in some areas of western China is relatively *** availability rate and accuracy rate in summer are higher than 99%at most stations,with the overall availability and accuracy rates reaching as much as 99.42%and 99.22%,respectively.

关键词： precipitation recording paper siphon rain gauge tipping bucket rain gauge digitalization curve extraction per-minute precipitation data datasets

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Development and Evaluation of Hourly and Kilometer Resolution Retrospective and Real-Time Surface meteorological Blended Forcing Dataset(SMBFD) in China

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Journal of meteorological Research 2019年第6期33卷 1168-1181页

作者： Shuai HAN Chunxiang SHI Bin XU Shuai SUN Tao ZHANG Lipeng JIANG Xiao LIANG National meteorological information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

A real-time,long-term surface meteorological blended forcing dataset(SMBFD)has been developed based on station observations,satellite retrievals,and reanalysis products in *** observations are collected at national and regional automatic weather stations,satellite data are obtained from the Fengyun(FY)series satellites retrievals,and the reanalysis products are obtained from the *** 90-m resolution digital terrain elevation data in China are obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission(SRTM)for temperature and humidity elevation *** dataset includes 2-m air temperature and humidity,10-m zonal and meridional winds,downward shortwave radiation,surface pressure,and *** spatial resolution is 1 km,and the temporal resolution is 1 *** the data processing procedure,various data fusion techniques including the space–time multiscale variational analysis,the discrete ordinates radiative transfer(DISORT)model,the hybrid radiation estimation model,and a terrain correction algorithm are *** and independent evaluations of the dataset are performed against *** SMBFD dataset is also compared with similar datasets produced in other major meteorological operational centers in the *** results are as follows.(1)All variables show reasonable geographic distribution features and realistic spatial and temporal variations.(2)Dependent and independent evaluations both indicate that the gridded SMBFD dataset is close to the observations,while the dependent evaluation yields better results than the independent evaluation.(3)Compared with similar datasets produced in other meteorological operational centers,the real-time and retrospective surface meteorological fusion data obviously have higher *** dataset introduced in the present study is in general stable and accurate,and can be applied in various practice such as meteorology,agriculture,ecology,environmental protection,***,this dataset has

关键词： surface meteorological forcing gridded real-time data fusion hourly temporal resolution 1-km spatial resolution dataset

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Epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory response in stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3045-3062页

作者： Jingyi Liang Fei Yang Zixiao Li Qian Li School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Laboratory for Clinical Medicine Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and RepairCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Chinese Institute for Brain Research BeijingChina Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina beijing Engineering Research center of Digital Healthcare for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Stroke is classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic,and there are few effective treatments for either *** mechanisms play a critical role in secondary brain injury following a stroke,which manifests as cytokine release,blood–brain barrier disruption,neuronal cell death,and ultimately behavioral *** the inflammatory response has been shown to mitigate this cascade of events in experimental stroke ***,in clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents,longterm immunosuppression has not demonstrated significant clinical benefits for *** may be attributable to the dichotomous roles of inflammation in both tissue injury and repair,as well as the complex pathophysiologic inflammatory processes in *** acute harmful inflammatory responses or inducing a phenotypic shift from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state at specific time points after a stroke are alternative and promising therapeutic *** agents that can modulate inflammation requires a detailed understanding of the inflammatory processes of ***,epigenetic reprogramming plays a crucial role in modulating post-stroke inflammation and can potentially be exploited for stroke *** this review,we summarize current findings on the epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory response in stroke,focusing on key signaling pathways including nuclear factor-kappa B,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,and mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as inflammasome *** also discuss promising molecular targets for stroke *** evidence to date indicates that therapeutic targeting of the epigenetic regulation of inflammation can shift the balance from inflammation-induced tissue injury to repair following stroke,leading to improved post-stroke outcomes.

关键词： DNA methylation histone modification intracerebral hemorrhage ischemic stroke neuroinflammation neuroprotection non-coding RNA RNA methylation subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment

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