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Circadian clock and temporal meal pattern

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Medical Review 2023年第1期3卷 85-101页

作者： Xin Li Zheng Sun Department of medicine-Endocrinology Diabetesand MetabolismBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Department of medicine-Endocrinology Diabetesand MetabolismBaylor College of Medicine1 Baylor Plz MS185HoustonTX 77030USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

The central circadian clock in the brain controls the time-of-the-day variations in acute meal responses,with a low glycemic response but a high satiety/thermo-genic response to meals consumed at waking compared to other time points.Consistently,studies show that consuming a significant proportion of calories,particularly carbohydrates,in breakfast is beneficial for the chronic management of obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome,compared to consuming identical meals at dinner.Conversely,breakfast skipping or/and late dinner can have unfavorable metabolic outcomes.It remains controversial how meal frequency affects metabolic health.In contrast,irregular meals,especially irregular breakfasts,show consistent adverse metabolic consequences.Time-restricted feeding(TRF),with all calories consumed within less than 12-h per day,can improve metabolism and extend lifespan.A major component of TRF in humans is caloric restriction,which contributes significantly to the beneficial effects of TRF in humans.By comparison,TRF effects in rodents can be independent of caloric restriction and show day/night phase specificity.TRF could alleviate metabolic abnormalities due to circadian disruption,but its effects appear independent of the circadian clock in rodents.Understanding neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying clock-mediated metabolic regulation will shed light on the metabolic effects of temporal meal patterns.

关键词： cardiometabolic circadian rhythm daily variation diabetes meal response suprachiasmatic nuclei

Color Doppler ultrasound imaging in varicoceles: Is the difference in venous diameter encountered during Valsalva predictive of palpable varicocele grade?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第1期10卷 27-32页

作者： Kelly Lehner Catherine Ingram Utsav Bansal Colleen Baca Adithya Balasubramanian Nannan Thirumavalavan Jason M.Scovell Saneal Rajanahally Matthew Pollard Larry I.Lipshultz Baylor College of Medicine Scott Department of UrologyHoustonTXUSA

Objective:The clinical grading system for varicoceles is subjective and dependent on clinician experience.Color Doppler ultrasound(US)has not been standardized in the diagnosis of varicoceles.We aimed to determine if US measurement of varicocele could be predictive of World Health Organization(WHO)varicocele grade.Methods:Men who presented for either scrotal pain or infertility to a tertiary men’s health clinic underwent physical examination,and varicoceles were graded following WHO criteria(0Zsubclinical,1,2,3).US was used to measure largest venous diameter in the pampiniform plexus bilaterally at rest and during Valsalva maneuver.Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was used to determine if resting diameter,diameter during Valsalva,or change in diameter between at rest and during Valsalva provided the highest sensitivity and specificity for determining clinical grade.Threshold values for diameter were determined from these receiver operator characteristic curves.Results:A total of 102 men(50 with clinical varicocele and 52 with subclinical varicocele)were included.Diameter at rest was the best ultrasonographic discriminator between subclinical and clinical varicoceles(area under the curve[AUC]Z0.67)with a diameter threshold of 3.0 mm(sensitivity 79%,specificity 42%).Diameter during Valsalva had the greatest AUC for determining clinical Grades 1 versus 2(AUCZ0.57)with diameter threshold of 5.7 mm(sensitivity 71%,specificity 33%).For differentiating between Grades 2 and 3,diameter at rest had the greatest AUC of 0.65 with a threshold of 3.6 mm(sensitivity 71%,specificity 58%).Conclusion:Our results corroborate other studies that have shown a weak correlation between US and clinical grading.The use of diameter during Valsalva was less predictive than diameter at rest and was only clinically significant in differentiating between Grade 1 and 2 varicocele.A standardized method for determining clinically relevant varicoceles on US would allow for improved patient counseling and clinical decision-making.

关键词： Varicocele Ultrasound Doppler Venous plexus Infertility

The exploration of N6-deoxyadenosine methylation in mammalian genomes

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Protein & Cell 2021年第10期12卷 756-768页

作者： Xuwen Li Zijian Zhang Xinlong Luo Jacob Schrier Andrew D.Yang Tao P.Wu Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Medical Scientist Training Program Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

N^(6)-methyladenine(N^(6)-mA,m^(6)dA,or 6mA),a prevalent DNA modification in prokaryotes,has recently been identified in higher eukaryotes,including mammals.Although 6mA has been well-studied in prokaryotes,the function and regulatory mechanism of 6mA in eukaryotes are still poorly understood.Recent studies indicate that 6mA can serve as an epigenetic mark and play critical roles in various biological processes,from transposable-element suppression to environmental stress response.Here,we review the significant advances in methodology for 6mA detection and major progress in understanding the regulation and function of this non-canonical DNA methylation in eukaryotes,predominantly mammals.

关键词： DNA N^(6)-methyladenine(6mA) mammalian DNA modification norvcanonical mammalian DNA methylation

Roles of the ocular pressure, pressure-sensitive ion channel, and elasticity in pressure-induced retinal diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 68-72页

作者： Ji-Jie Pang Department of Ophthalmology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

The intraocular pressure inside the human eye maintains 10–21 mmHg above the atmospheric pressure.Elevation of intraocular pressure is highly correlated with the retinopathy in glaucoma,and changes in the exterior pressure during mountain hiking,air traveling,and diving may also induce vision decline and retinopathy.The pathophysiological mechanism of these pressure-induced retinal disorders has not been completely clear.Retinal neurons express pressure-sensitive channels intrinsically sensitive to pressure and membrane stretch,such as the transient receptor potential channel(TRP)family permeable to Ca^2+and Na^+and the two-pore domain K channel family.Recent data have shown that pressure excites the primate retinal bipolar cell by opening TRP vanilloid 4 to mediate transient depolarizing currents,and TRP vanilloid 4 agonists enhance the membrane excitability of primate retinal ganglion cells.The eyeball wall is constructed primarily by the sclera and cornea of low elasticity,and the flow rate of the aqueous humor and intraocular pressure both fluctuate,but the mathematical relationship between the ocular elasticity,aqueous humor volume,and intraocular pressure has not been established.This review will briefly review recent literature on the pressure-related retinal pathophysiology in glaucoma and other pressure-induced retinal disorders,the elasticity of ocular tissues,and pressure-sensitive cation channels in retinal neurons.Emerging data support the global volume and the elasticity and thickness of the sclera and cornea as variables to affect the intraocular pressure level like the volume of the aqueous humor.Recent results also suggest some potential routes for TRPs to mediate retinal ganglion cell dysfunction:TRP opening upon intraocular pressure elevation and membrane stretch,enhancing glutamate release from bipolar cells,increasing intracellular Na^+,Ca^2+concentration in retinal ganglion cells and extracellular glutamate concentration,inactivating voltage-gated Na^+channels,and causing excitotoxicity and

关键词： glaucoma ocular elasticity patch-clamp pressure-sensitive ion channel retina retinal bipolar cell retinal ganglion cell TRP

The varicocele： diagnostic dilemmas, therapeutic challenges and future perspectives

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 276-281,J0007页

作者： Koji Chiba Ranjith Ramasamy Dolores J Lamb Larry I Lipshultz Center for Reproductive medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA.

A varicocele is defined as the abnormal dilation of the internal testicular vein and pampiniform venus plexus within the spermatic cord. If a semen analysis is not obtained from the adolescent male, in the absence of other symptoms, the main clinical indication used by many urologists to recommend repair is testicular atrophy. The varicocele may result in testicular damage in some males causing testicular atrophy with impaired sperm production and decreased Leydig cell function, while in other males the varicocele may seemingly cause no ill effects. In adult men, varicoceles are frequently present and surgically correctable, yet the measurable benefits of surgical repair are slight according to a Cochrane review. While occurring more commonly in infertile men than fertile men, only 20% of men with a documented varicocele will suffer from fertility problems. Most varicoceles found in adolescents are detected during a routine medical examination, and it is difficult to predict which adolescent presenting with a varicocele will ultimately show diminished testicular function in adolescence or adulthood. As in adults, the mainstay of treatment for varicocele in adolescents is surgical correction. However, unlike an adult varicocelectomy （the microsurgical approach is the most common）, treatment for an adolescent varicocele is more often laparoscopic. Nevertheless, the goals of treatment are the same in the adolescent and adult patients. Controversy remains as to which patients to treat, when to initiate the treatment, and what type of treatment is the best. This review will present the current understanding of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of the adolescent varicocele.

关键词： adolescent adult management varicocele

Successful Vaginal Delivery after Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Placement for Management of Ventricular Tachycardia

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第2期16卷 137-139页

作者： Sara Moufarrij Manisha Gandhi Wilson Lam Angeline Opina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUSA Department of Pediatric Cardiology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUSA

A 23-year-old female with Tetralogy of Fallot who is 30w6d pregnant presented with palpitations and syncope from an outside hospital.She was found to have ventricular tachycardia.Successful placement of a transvenous ... 详细信息

关键词： Ventricular tachycardia pregnancy intracardiac defibrillatory

Cell-type resolved transcriptomic approaches for dissecting selective vulnerability in neurodgeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1411-1413页

作者： Caleb A.Wood Nicholas M.Tran Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

A common feature among neurodegenerative conditions is that ce rtain neuronal populations are selectively vulnerable to loss(Fu et al.,2018).By corollary,other neurons are selectively resilient,suggesting they may possess unique features that support their survival.U nderstanding the basis of neuronal resilience or vulnerability would provide a logical strategy to identify factors that could be targeted therapeutically.

关键词： selective targeted

Characterization of intraocular pressure pattern and changes of retinal ganglion cells in DBA2J glaucoma mice

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第2期9卷 211-217页

作者： Jing Wang Yu Dong Cullen Eye Institute Baylor College of Medicine

AIM： To characterize the pattern of intraocular pressure （lOP） change and the deficit of retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） in DBA2J, which is most well-characterized chronic glaucoma mouse model and wild type （WT） C57bl/6 mice, and to study the relationship between lOP change and RGCs deficit. METHODS： lOP was monitored with a rebound tonometer in C57bl/6 and DBA2J mice from 3 to 15-month-old. Retinal function was evaluated by dark -adapted electroretinogram （ERG） in DBA2J and WT mice of 15-month-old. A dye （Neurobiotin） was applied to optic nerve stump to retrograde label RGCs. TO-PRO-3 visualized all nuclei of cells in the RGC layer. RESULTS： The lOP in WT mice was 9.03-0.6 mm Hg on average and did not increase significantly as aging. The lOP in DBA2J mice, arranging from 7.2 to 28 mm Hg, was increasing significantly as aging, and it was normal at 3-month--old compared with WT mice, slightly increased from 7-month-old and increased in 50% animals at 11-month-old and in 38% animals at 15-month-old. The RGCs density in DBA2J mice started reducing by 7-month-old, continuously decreased until reached about 20% of RGC in WT retina by 15-month-old. RGC density was not linearly correlated with lOP in 15-month- old DBA2J mice. The amplitude of positive scotopic threshold response, and negative scotopic threshold response of ERG were significantly reduced in DBA2J mice of 15-month-old than that in age-paired WT mice. CONCLUSION： The present study found that DBA2J mice display pathological and functional deficits of the retina that was not linearly correlated with lOP.

关键词： retinal ganglion cell glaucoma intraocularpressure retina mouse

Mapping bone marrow niches of disseminated tumor cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第10期60卷 1125-1132页

作者： Weijie Zhang Hin Ching Lo Xiang H.-F.Zhang Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA McNair Medical Institute Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA

Breast cancer cells may disseminate early, before tumor diagnosis. Disseminated tumor cells, or DTCs, reside in the bone marrow, and may persist for years or even decades. Some of these cells may be re-activated to resume aggressive growth, and eventually become overt bone metastases. Recent studies have begun to shed light on this complicated process and revealed multiple steps and intermediate states of colonizing DTCs. However, how cancer-host interactions evolve during this process needs to be further understood. Most of our current knowledge of the bone microenvironment is obtained through studies looking for the hematopoietic stem cell(HSC) niche. Although this long-standing question has not yet been resolved, our search for the HSC niche has resulted in a detailed map of various cell types in the bone marrow. Furthermore, various techniques used to find the HSC niche may also be adapted for finding the cancer cell niche. In this article, we will review the recent progress in both the DTC and HSC areas with a focus on their potential microenvironment niches. We will also discuss how to apply what we have learned from HSC studies to map DTCs in the bone context. We hope to stimulate thoughts and ideas to further elucidate the bone colonization process, and develop potential therapeutic interventions.

关键词： disseminated tumor cells bone marrow niches hematopoietic stem cell niches 3D imaging