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GCM Simulations of Stable Isotopes in the water Cycle in Comparison with GNIP Observations over East Asia

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2012年第4期26卷 420-437页

作者：章新平孙治安关华德张新主吴华武黄一民 College of Resources and environmental Sciences Hunan Normal University centre for australian Weather and Climate Research School of the Environment National Centre for Groundwater Research and TrainingFlinders University

In this paper, we examine the performance of four isotope incorporated GCMs, i.e., ECHAM4 （Univer- sity of Hamburg）, HadCM3 （Hadley centre）, GISS E （Goddard Institute of Space Sciences）, and MUGCM （Melbourne University）, by comparing the model results with GNIP （Global Network of Isotopes in Precip- itation） observations. The spatial distributions of mean annual δD and mean annual deuterium excess d in precipitation, and the relationship between δ18O and δD in precipitation, are compared between GCMs and GNIP data over East Asia. Overall, the four GCMs reproduce major characteristics of δD in precipitation as observed by GNIP. Among the four models, the results of ECHAM4 and GISS E are more consistent with GNIP observed precipitation δD distribution. The simulated d distributions are less consistent with the GNIP results. This may indicate that kinetic fractionation processes are not appropriately represented in the isotopic schemes of GCMs. The GCM modeled MWL （meteoric water line） slopes are close to the GNIP derived MWL, but the simulated MWL intercepts are significantly overestimated. This supports that the four isotope incorporated GCMs may not represent the kinetic fractionation processes well. In term of LMWLs （local meteoric water lines）, the simulated LMWL slopes are similar to those from GNIP observa- tions, but slightly overestimated for most locations. Overall, ECHAM4 has better capability in simulating MWL and LMWLs, followed by GISS E. Some isotopic functions （especially those related to kinetic frac- tionation） and their parameterizations in GCMs may have caused the discrepancy between the simulated and GNIP observed results. Future work is recommended to improve isotopic function parameterization on the basis of the high-resolution isotope observations.

关键词： GCM GNIP, stable isotope, deuterium excess, meteoric water line

Metal-organic framework-derived carbon nanotubes with multi-active Fe-N/Fe sites as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第3期31卷 306-313,I0009页

作者： Chao Yang Shanshan Shang Qinfen Gu Jin Shang Xiao-yan Li centre for environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina australian Synchrotron ANSTO800 Blackburn RdClaytonVictoria 3168Australia Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Sustainable metal-air batteries demand high-efficiency,environmentally-friendly,and non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts with bifunctionality for both the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this research,novel functional carbon nanotubes with multi-active sites including well-dispersed single-atom iron throughout the walls and encapsulated ultrafine iron nanoparticles were synthesized as an electrocatalyst(FeNP@Fe-N-C)through one-step pyrolysis of metal-organic ***-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were applied to characterize the unique structure of the *** comparison to the commercial Pt/C and Ru O_(2)electrodes,the newly prepared FeNP@Fe-N-C presented a superb bifunctional performance with its narrow potential difference(Egap)of 0.73 V,which is ascribed to the metallic Fe nanoparticles that boosts the adsorption and activation of oxygen on the active sites with an enhanced O_(2)adsorption capacity of 7.88 cm^(3)g^(-1)and synergistically functionalizes the iron atoms dispersed on the nanotubes.A rechargeable zinc-air battery based on FeNP@Fe-N-C exhibited a superior open-circuit voltage(1.45 V),power density(106.5 m W cm^(-2)),and stable cycling *** green technique developed in this work for the fabrication of functional nanotubes raises the prospect of making more efficient electrocatalysts for sustainable energy cells.

关键词： Bifunctional electrocatalyst Oxygen reduction reaction Oxygen evolution reaction Single-atom iron Encapsulated iron nanoparticles

Detectability of the global weed Hypochaeris radicata is influenced by species, environment and observer characteristics

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 449-455页

作者： Katherina Ng Don A.Driscoll ARC centre of Excellence for environmental Decisions The NERP Environmental Decisions HubFenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National UniversityLinnaeus WayCanberraACT 2601Australia

Aims to determine the detectability of a global weedy perennial weed Hypochaeris radicata and its relationship with five common observer,species and environmental *** trained independent observers conducted time-limited repeat sur-veys of *** during autumn in an endangered grassy box-gum woodland ecosystem in south-east ***-species single-season site-occupancy modelling was used to determine if detectability of *** was altered by five covariates,observer,litter height,grazing,maximum plant height and flowering *** Findings Detectability for *** varied significantly with observer,litter height,plant maximum height and flowering state,but not with *** significant observer-specific variation,there was a con-sistent increase in detectability with plant height and when plants are in flower for all *** generally decreased as litter height *** or constant detection rates cannot be assumed in plant surveys,even for easily recognizable plants in simple survey *** how detectability is influ-enced by common survey variables can help improve the efficacy of plant monitoring programs by quantifying the extent of uncertainty in inferences made from survey data,or by determining optimal sur-vey conditions to increase the reliability of collected *** plants with traits similar to ***,surveying when most plants are at maximum height or in flower,increasing search intensity when litter levels are high and minimizing observer-related heterogeneity are potentially simple and effective ways to reduce detection *** speculate that detection rates may be lower,more variable and involve additional covariates when surveying during the peak flow-ering spring season with the presence of more warm season and taller annual species.

关键词： Hypochaeris radicata grassy woodland detection probability detectability vegetation survey plant monitoring observation bias false absence

Effects of Fe(II) on anammox community activity and physiologic response

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 113-123页

作者： Jing Ding Wanyi Seow Jizhong Zhou Raymond Jianxiong Zeng Jun Gu Yan Zhou Advanced environmental biotechnology centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research InstituteNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637141Singapore School of Civil and environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore centre of Wastewater Resource Recovery College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Institute for environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Earth and environmental Sciences Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Though there are many literatures studying the effects of iron on anammox process,these studies only focus on the reactor performance and/or the microbial community changes,the detailed effects and mechanisms of Fe(II)on anammox bacterial activity and physiology have not been *** this study,four Fe(II)concentrations(0.03,0.09,0.12 and 0.75 mmol/L)were employed into the enriched anammox *** enhancement and inhibition effects of Fe(II)on anammox process and bacterial physiology were *** was discovered that the anammox process and bacterial growth were enhanced by 0.09 and 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II),in which the 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II)had advantage in stimulating the total anammox activity and bacterial abundance,while 0.09 mmol/L Fe(II)enhanced the relative anammox activity *** anammox activity could be inhibited by 0.75 mmol/L Fe(II)immediately,while the inhibition was *** 0.09 and 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II)induced more genes being expressed,while didn’t show a stimulation on the relative expression level of functional *** anammox bacteria showed a stress response to detoxify the Fe inhibition once inhibited by 0.75 mmol/L Fe(II).This study provides more information about physiologic response of anammox bacteria to external influence(enhancement and inhibition),and may also instruct the future application of anammox process in treating various sources of wastewater(containing external disturbances such as heavy metals)and/or different treatment strategies(*** side-stream to main-stream).

关键词： Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox) Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis Ferrous iron GeoChip

Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Phones and Fructose consumption Coalesce to Perturb Metabolic Regulators AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 in Growing Rats

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Biomedical and environmental Sciences 2023年第11期36卷 1045-1058页

作者： Ruchi Tripathi Sanjay Kumar Banerjee Jay Prakash Nirala Rajani Mathur Department of Pharmacology Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & ResearchDelhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University(DPSR-U))New DelhiINDIA Drug Discovery Research centre Translational Health Science and Technology InstituteFaridabadINDIA Department of biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchGuwahatiINDIA School of environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiINDIA

Objective In this study,the combined effect of two stressors,namely,electromagnetic fields(EMFs)from mobile phones and fructose consumption,on hypothalamic and hepatic master metabolic regulators of the AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 pathway were elucidated to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin *** Weaned Wistar rats(28 days old)were divided into 4 groups:Normal,Exposure Only(ExpO),Fructose Only(FruO),and Exposure and Fructose(EF).Each group was provided standard laboratory chow ad libitum for 8 ***,the control groups,namely,the Normal and FruO groups,had unrestricted access to drinking water and fructose solution(15%),***,the respective treatment groups,namely,the ExpO and EF groups,received EMF exposure(1,760 MHz,2 h/day x 8 weeks).In early adulthood,mitochondrial function,insulin receptor signaling,and oxidative stress signals in hypothalamic and hepatic tissues were assessed using western blotting and biochemical *** In the hypothalamic tissue of EF,SIRT1,FOXO 1,p-PI3K,p-AKT,ComplexⅢ,UCP2,MnSOD,and catalase expressions and OXPHOS and GSH activities were significantly decreased(P<0.05)compared to the Normal,ExpO,and FruO *** hepatic tissue of EF,the p-AMPKα,SIRT1,FOXO1,IRS1,p-PI3K,ComplexⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,UCP2,and MnSOD expressions and the activity of OXPHOS,SOD,catalase,and GSH were significantly reduced compared to the Normal group(P<0.05).Conclusion The findings suggest that the combination of EMF exposure and fructose consumption during childhood and adolescence in Wistar rats disrupts the closely interlinked and multi-regulated crosstalk of insulin receptor signals,mitochondrial OXPHOS,and the antioxidant defense system in the hypothalamus and liver.

关键词： EMF-mobile phone Fructose Childhood-adolescence Insulin receptor signal Mitochondrial OxPHOS Antioxidant system Hypothalamic insulin resistance Hepatic insulin resistance

Assessing the potential for satellite image monitoring of seagrass thermal dynamics:for inter-and shallow sub-tidal seagrasses in the inshore Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area,Australia

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第8期11卷 803-824页

作者： S.R.Phinn E.M.Kovacs C.M.Roelfsema R.F.Canto C.J.Collier L.J.McKenzie Remote Sensing Research centre School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia centre for Tropical water and TERRAtic Ecosystem Research(Tropwater) James Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia

Seagrass meadows are at increasing risk of thermal stress and recent work has shown that water temperature around seagrass meadows could be used as an indicator for seagrass *** thermal data have not been linked to the thermal properties of seagrass *** work assessed the covariation between 20 in situ average daily temperature logger measurement sites in tropical seagrass meadows and satellite derived daytime SST(sea surface temperature)from the daytime MODIS and Landsat sensors along the Great Barrier Reef coast in *** significant(R2=0.787–0.939)positive covariations were found between in situ seagrass logger temperatures and MODIS SST temperature and Landsat sensor temperatures at all sites along the *** MODIS SST were consistently higher than in situ temperature at the majority of the sites,possibly due to the sensor’s larger pixel size and location offset from field *** thermal data were lower than field-measured SST,due to differences in measurement scales and *** refined significantly and tested over larger areas,this approach could be used to monitor seagrass health over large(106 km2)areas in a similar manner to using satellite SST for predicting thermal stress for corals.

关键词： Seagrass temperature thermal tolerance satellite sea surface temperature Landsat MODIS Great Barrier Reef

Super-assembly of integrated gold magnetic assay with loopmediated isothermal amplification for point-of-care testing

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1242-1251页

作者： Jianping Liang Jie Zeng Xiaojuan Huang Tengteng Zhu Yonglong Gong Chen Dong Xiangrong Wang Lingzhi Zhao Lei Xie Kang Liang Qiongxiang Tan Yali Cui Biao Kong Wenli Hui The College of life science Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Shaanxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Nano-Biomedical Detection Xi’an 710077China Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and biotechnology in Western China Ministry of EducationNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Provincial Key Laboratory of biotechnology of Shaanxi Province Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China School of Chemical Engineering Graduate School of Biomedical Engineeringand Australian Centre for NanoMedicineUniversity of New South WalesNSW 2052Australia

With the increasing global threat of various diseases and infections,it is essential to develop a fast,low-cost,and easy-to-use point-of-care testing(POCT)system for inspections at all levels of medical institutions and self-examination at *** this work,gold magnetic nanoparticles(GMNPs)are used as the key material,and a rapid visual detection method is designed through integrating loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)and lateral flow assay(LFA)biosensor for detecting a variety of analytes which includes whole blood,buccal swabs,and *** is worth to note that the proposed method does not need DNA ***,uracil DNA glycosylase(UDG)is employed to eliminate carrier contamination for preventing false positive *** whole detection process can be finished within 25 *** accuracy of detection is measured by assessing the polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)*** detection limit of the newly developed extraction-free detection system for MTHFR C677T is 0.16 ng/μL.A preliminary clinical study of the proposed method is carried out by analyzing 600 clinical samples(including 200 whole blood samples,100 buccal swabs,and 300 genomic DNA samples).The results indicate that the proposed method is 100%consistent with the sequencing results which provides a new choice for POCT and shows a broad application prospect in all levels of medical clinics and at home.

关键词： gold magnetic nanoparticles loop-mediated isothermal amplification lateral flow assay system free extraction singlenucleotide polymorphisms genotyping

Waste-Derived Catalysts for water Electrolysis:Circular Economy-Driven Sustainable Green Hydrogen Energy

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第1期15卷 43-79页

作者： Zhijie Chen Sining Yun Lan Wu Jiaqi Zhang Xingdong Shi Wei Wei Yiwen Liu Renji Zheng Ning Han Bing-Jie Ni centre for Technology in water and Wastewater(CTWW) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia Functional Materials Laboratory(FML) School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055People’s Republic of China School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083People’s Republic of China Department of Materials Engineering KU Leuven3001 LouvainBelgium

The sustainable production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis necessitates cost-effective *** following the circular economy principle,the utilization of waste-derived catalysts significantly promotes the sustainable development of green hydrogen ***,diverse waste-derived catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and overall water electrolysis(OWE).Herein,we systematically examine recent achievements in waste-derived electrocatalysts for water *** general principles of water electrolysis and design principles of efficient electrocatalysts are discussed,followed by the illustration of current strategies for transforming wastes into ***,applications of waste-derived catalysts(i.e.,carbon-based catalysts,transitional metal-based catalysts,and carbon-based heterostructure catalysts)in HER,OER,and OWE are reviewed *** emphasis is put on correlating the catalysts’structure-performance ***,challenges and research directions in this booming field are finally *** review would provide useful insights into the design,synthesis,and applications of waste-derived electrocatalysts,and thus accelerate the development of the circular economy-driven green hydrogen energy scheme.

关键词： Waste-derived electrocatalysts water splitting Sustainable hydrogen energy Catalyst design Circular economy

Assessment of circulating levels of microRNA-326,microRNA-424,and microRNA-511 as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第8期14卷 1562-1575页

作者： Samar Samir Youssef Asmaa Elfiky Mohamed M Nabeel Hend Ibrahim Shousha Tamer Elbaz Dalia Omran Mohammad Saeed Marie Mohammad A Elzahry Amr Abul-Fotouh Ahmed Hashem Mohamed F Guda Ashraf O Abdelaziz Department of Microbial biotechnology National Research CentreCairo 1211Egypt Department of environmental and Occupational Medicine National Research CentreCairo 1211Egypt Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562 Egypt Department of Endemic Medicine Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 1256Egypt Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Cairo 1256Egypt

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common *** expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)-326,miRNA-424,and miRNA-511 has been associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC in different ***,limited information is available regarding their expression in Egyptian HCC *** To assess the role of circulating miRNAs-326,miRNA-424,and miRNA-511 in Egyptian HCC *** This prospective observational study included 70 HCC patients and 25 healthy *** circulating levels of these three miRNAs were evaluated by real-time *** operating characteristic curve analysis was used to test the diagnostic accuracy of micro RNA expression *** All miRNAs were differentially expressed in HCC patients;miRNAs326 and miRNA-424 were upregulated,while miRNA-511 was *** miRNA-326 and miRNA-424 showed sensitivity and specificity of 97%,71.4%,and 52%,60%,respectively,to differentiate HCC from ***,miRNA-326 was associated with survival and could differentiate between Child grades(A vs B);miRNA-424 significantly differentiated early vs intermediate stages of HCC;while miRNA-511 was significantly correlated with response to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(m RECIST).CONCLUSION We conclude that miRNA-326,miRNA-424,and miRNA-511 have diagnostic and prognostic roles in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus-related HCC and should be considered for better disease management.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma miRNAs-326 miRNA-424 miRNA-511 Modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors