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Gut microbial profiles and the role in lipid metabolism in Shaziling pigs

animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 345-356页

作者： Jie Ma Yehui Duan Rui Li Xiaoxiao Liang Tiejun Li Xingguo Huang Yulong Yin Jie Yin animal nutritional genome and germplasm innovationresearch center College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha410125China Henan Ground Biological Science&Technology Co. Ltd.China

Shaziling pig,a Chinese indigenous breed,has been classified as a fatty pig ***,the gut microbial development and role in lipid metabolism in Shaziling pigs has been rarely ***,we compared the lipid metabolic and microbial profiles at 30,60,90,150,210,and 300 d of age between Shaziling and Yorkshire ***,there were marked differences in the liver lipids(i.e.,cholesterol,glucose,and low-density lipoprotein)and the lipid related expressions(i.e.,SREBP1/2,LXRa/b,DGAT1/2,and FABP1-3)between Shaziling and Yorkshire *** sequencing in the ileal digesta and mucosa showed that Shaziling pigs had a higher a-diversity and higher abundances of probiotics,such as Lactobacillus johnsonii,Lactobacillus amylovorus,and Clostridium ***-five differentiated metabolites were further identified in the mucosa between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs,which were enriched in the carbohydrate,protein,glucose and amino acid metabolism and bile acid ***,7 differentiated microbial species were markedly correlated with metabolites,indicating the role of gut microbiota in the host ***,the role of differentiated *** in lipid metabolism was validated in Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire(DLY)pigs and the results showed that *** mono-colonization promoted lipid deposition and metabolism by altering gut microbiota(i.e.,Megasphaera elsdenii and ***)and DGAT1/DGAT2/CD36-PPARg gene *** conclusion,Shaziling pigs exhibited different metabolic and microbial profiles compared with Yorkshire pigs,which might have contributed to the diverse metabolic phenotypes,and the significant enrichment of *** in Shaziling pigs promoted lipid metabolism and obesity of DLY pigs,which provided a novel idea to improve the fat content of lean pigs.

关键词： Shaziling pig Gut microbiota Lipid metabolism Lactobacillus johnsonii Fatty acid

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A comprehensive review on natural phenolic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 1518-1534页

作者： Jingxia Gao Zhe Yang Chongqi Zhao Xiongzhuo Tang Qian Jiang Yulong Yin animal nutritional genome and germplasm Innovation Research center College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China Laboratory of animal nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha410125China

Intensive livestock and poultry farming in China largely relied on the use of in-feed antibiotics until July *** consequences of antibiotic overuse in animal feed include accumulation in animal products and the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance,both of which threaten food safety and human *** has now completely banned the circulation of commercial feed containing growth-promoting drug additives(except Chinese herbal medicine).Therefore,alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production are greatly *** phenolic compounds(NPCs)exist widely in plants and are non-toxic,nonpolluting,highly reproducible,and leave little *** natural flavonoids,phenolic acids,lignans,and stilbenes have polyphenol chemical structures and exhibit great potential as alternatives to *** this review we delineate the characteristics of plant-derived NPCs and summarize their current applications as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics,aiming to provide new strategies for antibiotic-free feeding and promote the development of more sustainable animal husbandry practices.

关键词： natural phenolic compounds alternatives to in-feed antibiotics animal husbandry intestinal health

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Melatonin shapes bacterial clearance function of porcine macrophages during enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection

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animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 242-251页

作者： Lingfei Du Bingnan Liu Ziyi Han Yaoyao Xia Miaomiao Wu Shaojuan Liu Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina animal nutritional genome and germplasm Innovation Research center College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina

Due to the immature gastrointestinal immune system,weaning piglets are highly susceptible to pathogens,e.g.,enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC).Generally,pathogens activate the immune cells(e.g.,macrophages)and shape intracellular metabolism(including amino acid metabolism);nevertheless,the metabolic cues of tryptophan(especially melatonin pathway)in directing porcine macrophage function during ETEC infection remain ***,this study aimed to investigate the changes in the serotonin pathway of porcine macrophages during ETEC infection and the effect of melatonin on porcine macrophage *** macrophages(3D4/21 cells)were infected with ETEC,and the change of serotonin pathway was analysed by reverse transcription PCR and metabolomic *** effect of melatonin on porcine macrophage function was also studied with proteomic *** order to investigate the effect of melatonin on bacterial clearance function of porcine macrophages during ETEC infection,methods such as bacterial counting,reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were used to detect the corresponding *** results showed that ETEC infection blocked melatonin production in porcine macrophages(P<0.05)which is largely associated with the heat-stable enterotoxin b(STb)of ETEC(P<0.05).Interestingly,melatonin altered porcine macrophage functions,including bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities based on proteomic *** addition,melatonin pretreatment significantly reduced extracellular lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity(P<0.05),indicating that melatonin also attenuated ETEC-triggered macrophage ***,melatonin pretreatment resulted in the decrease of viable ETEC in 3D4/21 cells(P<0.05),suggesting that melatonin enhances bacterial clearance of porcine *** results suggest that melatonin is particularly important in shaping porcine macrophage function during ETEC infection.

关键词： Porcine macrophage Melatonin Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Serotonin pathway

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Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production

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animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 364-374页

作者： Zhenguo Hu Luya Feng Qian Jiang Wenliang Wang Bi'e Tan Xiongzhuo Tang Yulong Yin Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic BiologyTianjin 300308China animal nutritional genome and germplasm Innovation Research center College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan 410128China Laboratory of animal nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of ScienceChangshaHunan 410125China

Tryptophan(Trp)is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized by *** has been characterized into two different isomers,levorotation-Trp(L-Trp)and dextrorotation-Trp(D-Trp),based on their distinct molecule *** epithelial cells and gut microbiota are involved in metabolizing L-Trp in the gut via the activation of the kynurenine,serotonin,and indole ***,knowledge regarding D-Trp metabolism in the gut remains *** this review,we briefly update the current understanding of intestinal L/D-Trp metabolism and the function of their metabolites in modulating the gut physiology and ***,we summarize the effects of Trp nutrition on swine production at different stages,including growth performance in weaned piglets and growing pigs,as well as the reproduction performance in sows.

关键词： Tryptophan metabolism Gut microbiota Diseases Swine production

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Dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets

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animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 9-18页

作者： Zhe Yang Fang Wang Yexin Yin Peng Huang Qian Jiang Zhimou Liu Yulong Yin Jiashun Chen animal nutritional genome and germplasm Innovation Research center College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128China CAS Key Laboratory of Agro Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChangshaHunan410125China Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co. Ltd.YiyangHunan413056China

This paper was to determine the effects of dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil(LEO)supplementation on growth performance,immune function,antioxidant level,intestinal morphology and microbial composition in weaned *** hundred and ninety-two piglets(Duroc×[Large White×Landrace])with 6.85±0.22 kg mean body weight weaned at 21 d of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates and were fed with a basal diet(CON)or CON diet containing 100(LLEO),200(MLEO)and 400(HLEO)mg/kg *** results revealed that HLEO supplementation(P<0.05)increased the average daily gain on d 28 compared with *** and HLEO supplementation decreased(P<0.05)feed conversion ***-containing diets had a lower(P<0.05)diarrhea ***-mentation with HLEO increased(P<0.05)total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)both in the serum and ***,the supplementation of MLEO and HLEO resulted in higher(P<0.05)glutathione peroxidase(GPx)activities both in serum and *** of HLEO increased(P<0.05)serum immu-noglobulin A,immunoglobulin G and interleukin-10,whereas supplementation with MLEO and HLEO decreased(P<0.05)tumor necrosis factor-α.Villus height in the duodenum or jejunum was increased(P<0.05)in the HLEO group,and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was also improved(P<0.05)in the MLEO *** addition of LEO increased(P<0.05)the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the cecum,which mainly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospir-aceae_UCG-005,Faecalibacterium,Blautia and *** supplemented with HLEO increased(P<0.05)the concentration of short chain fatty acids(SCFA),including acetic acid in the cecum and propionic acid in the *** conclusion,these findings indicated that LEO supplementation improved growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets.

关键词： Litsea cubeba Growth performance Intestinal health Microbial composition Essential oil Weaned piglet

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4-Phenylbutyric acid accelerates rehabilitation of barrier function in IPEC-J2 cell monolayer model

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animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1061-1069页

作者： Qian Jiang Jie Yin Jiashun Chen Xiaokang Ma Miaomiao Wu Xilong Li Kang Yao Bi'e Tan Yulong Yin animal nutritional genome and germplasm Innovation Research center College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan 410128China Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Laboratory of animal nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan 410125China

As the first line of defence against pathogens and endotoxins crossing the intestine-blood barrier,the intestinal epithelial barrier plays a determinant role in pigs’health and growth.4-Phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA),an aromatic fatty acid,was reported to benefit homeostasis of endoplasmic reticulum and protein ***,whether 4-PBA affects intestinal epithelial barrier function in pigs is *** study aimed to explore the effects of 4-PBA on the intestinal barrier function,using in vitro models of well-differentiated intestinal porcine epithelial cell(IPEC-J2)monolayers in the transwell *** monolayers with or without 4-PBA(1.0 mmol/L)treatment were challenged with physical scratch,deoxynivalenol(DON,2.0μg/mL,48 h),and lipopolysaccharide(LPS,5.0μg/mL,48 h),*** electrical resistance(TEER)and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FD-4)permeability were measured to indicate barrier integrity and ***-time PCR and Western blot were conducted to determine relative gene and protein expressions of tight junction *** expected,physical scratch,DON,and LPS challenges decreased TEER and increased FD-4 permeability.4-PBA treatment accelerated cell mitigation and rehabilitation of the physical scratch-damaged intestinal epithelial barrier but did not alleviate DON or LPS induced barrier ***,once 48-h DON and LPS challenges were removed,rehabilitation of the epithelial barrier function of IPEC-J2 monolayer was accelerated by the 4-PBA ***,the relative gene and protein expressions of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin,and claudin-1 were further upregulated by the 4-PBA treatment during the barrier *** together,4-PBA accelerated the IPEC-J2 cell monolayer barrier recovering from physical scratch,DON-,and LPS-induced damage,via enhancing cell mitigation and expressions of tight junction proteins.

关键词： 4-Phenylbutyric acid Intestinal barrier Tight junction Intestinal porcine epithelial cell Deoxynivalenol Lipopolysaccharide

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Comparative and population genomics of buckwheat species reveal key determinants of flavor and fertility

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Molecular Plant 2023年第9期16卷 1427-1444页

作者： Kaixuan Zhang Yuqi He Xiang Lu Yaliang Shi Hui Zhao Xiaobo Li Jinlong Li Yang Liu Yinan Ouyang Yu Tang Xue Ren Xuemei Zhang Weifei Yang Zhaoxia Sun Chunhua Zhang Muriel Quinet Zlata Luthar Mateja Germ Ivan Kreft Dagmar Janovska Vladimir Meglic Barbara Pipan Milen I.Georgiev Bruno Studer Mark A.Chapman Meiliang Zhou Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Crop Genebank BuildingZhongguancun South Street No.12Haidian DistrictBeijing 100081China College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Annoroad Gene Technology(Beijing)Co. LtdBeijing 100176China College of Agriculture Institute of Agricultural BioengineeringShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801ShanxiChina Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031ShanxiChina Tongliao Institute Agricultural and animal Husbandry Sciences Tongliao 028015Inner MongoliaChina Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Ve´ge´tale(GRPV) Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy(ELI-A)Universite´Catholique de LouvainCroix du Sud 4-5bo^ıte L7.07.13B-1348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Nutrition Institute Trzaska 401000 LjubljanaSlovenia Gene Bank Crop Research InstituteDrnovska´507Prague 6Czech Republic Agricultural Institute of Slovenia Hacquetova ulicaLjubljanaSlovenia Laboratory of Metabolomics Institute of MicrobiologyBulgarian Academy of SciencesPlovdivBulgaria center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology PlovdivBulgaria Molecular Plant Breeding Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichUniversitaetstrasse 28092 ZurichSwitzerland Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonLife Sciences Building 85Highfield CampusSouthampton SO171BJUK

Common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum)is an ancient crop with a world-wide *** to its excellent nutritional quality and high economic and ecological value,common buckwheat is becoming increasingly important throughout the *** availability of a high-quality reference genome sequence and population genomic data will accelerate the breeding of common buckwheat,but the high heterozygosity due to the outcrossing nature has greatly hindered the genome *** we report the assembly of a chromosome-scale high-quality reference genome of *** ***,a homozygous self-pollinating variant of common *** genomics revealed that two cultivated buckwheat species,common buckwheat(***)and Tartary buckwheat(***),underwent metabolomic divergence and ecotype *** expansion of several gene families in common buckwheat,including FhFAR genes,is associated with its wider distribution than Tartary *** number variation of genes involved in the metabolism of flavonoids is associated with the difference of rutin content between common and Tartary ***,we present a comprehensive atlas of genomic variation based on whole-genome resequencing of 572 accessions of common *** and evolutionary genomics reveal genetic variation associated with environmental adaptability and floral development between Chinese and non-Chinese cultivated ***-wide association analyses of multi-year agronomic traits with the content of flavonoids revealed that Fh05G014970 is a potential major regulator of flowering period,a key agronomic trait controlling the yield of outcrossing crops,and that Fh06G015130 is a crucial gene underlying flavor-associated ***,we found that the gene translocation and sequence variation of FhS-ELF3 contribute to the homomorphic self-compatibility of common ***,our results elucidate the genetic basis of spe

关键词： buckwheat genomics natural variation adaptation flavonoids Fagopyrum

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Modified Bean Seed Protein Phaseolin Did Not Accumulate Stably in Transgenic Tobacco Seeds after Methionine Enhancement Mutations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第5期6卷 640-650页

作者： Eric Lasserre T. S. Ko John M. Dyer Norimoto Murai Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University and LSU Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA Laboratoire genome et Developement des Plantes Universite de Perpignan Perpignan France Plant Physiology and Genetic Research Unit US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center USDA-ARS Maricopa AZ USA

The major seed storage protein phaseolin of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is deficient in methionine, an essential amino acid for human and animal health. To improve the nutritional quality of common bean, we designed methionine enhancement of phaseolin based on the three-dimensional structure of protein, de novo design principles and genetic information. Amino acid substitution and loop insertion were targeted to the interior and exterior, respectively, of the protein’s β-barrels. First, we introduced the methionine enhancement mutations into phaseolin cDNA, expressed cDNA in Escherichia coli and purified monomeric non-glycosylated proteins. Biophysical analysis of E. coli-expressed proteins demonstrated a similar structural stability of wild-type and mutant phaseolin monomers. Here, we attempted to test the structural stability of the methionine-enhanced phaseolin by introducing phaseolin cDNA to tobacco via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of leaf disks, regenerating transgenic tobacco plants, and examining the accumulation of phaseolin protein in mature transgenic tobacco seeds. We used seven constructs containing different extents of methionine enhancement, ranging from the original 3 to maximum 33 methionines per 397 amino acid residues. ELISA analyses indicated that the methionine-enhanced phaseolins did not accumulate as stably in mature transgenic tobacco seeds as the wild-type phaseolin. It seems likely that the methionine-enhanced phaseolin proteins were under the stringent scrutiny of the protein quality control mechanism in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi complex and/or vacuolar protein bodies. The protein degradation is probably to occur in the vacuolar protein bodies due to the instability of the trimer assembly caused by the methionine enhancement mutations targeting either amino-acids substitutions or/and loop insertions to the interior β-sheets and tum/loop regions, respectively, of N- and C-barrel structures.

关键词： Common Bean Glycosylation Methionine Enhancement Phaseolin Polypeptide Folding Trimer Assembly

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