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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第8期14卷 319-330页

作者： Priya Bhardwaj Swarnabha Sarkar Ritu Mishra Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029India Department of Physiology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029India Department of Zoology University of AllahabadPrayagrajUttar Pradesh-211002India

The recently re-emerged mpox(monkeypox)virus that causes mpox disease is a member of genus Orthopoxvirus and has unprecedentedly spread *** studies have contributed to our understanding of its evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical *** current outbreak of the mpox virus depicts its novel route of transmission as a new ***,the exact reason for its transition from an epidemic to a pandemic remains ***,other poxviruses such as vaccinia virus,variola virus,and cowpox virus,also belong to the same genus,*** the present review,our objective was to summarize the evidence on evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical manifestations of mpox virus and its related *** present review would aid in a better understanding of the current circulating mpox virus and its differences from other *** addition,the shared genetic factors contributing to virulence in these Orthopoxvirus highlight their evolutionary connections and genetic *** they exhibit differences in virulence,studying these genetic relationships is crucial for understanding their biology,pathogenicity,and the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics to curb mpox disease.

关键词： Evolution Mpox Orthopoxviruses Pathophysiology Poxviruses Transmission

Odor cues rather than personality affect tadpole deposition in a neotropical poison frog

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 332-342页

作者： Melissa Peignier Max Ringler Eva Ringler Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernCH-3032 HinterkappelenSwitzerland Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna1210 ViennaAustria Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology University of Vienna1030 ViennaAustria Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna1030 ViennaAustria lnstitute of Electronic Music and Acoustics University of Music and Performing Arts Graz8010 GrazAustria

Animals constantly need to evaluate available external and internal information to make appropriate ***,assessing,and acting on relevant cues in contexts such as mate choice,intra-sexual competition,and parental care is particularly important for optimizing individual reproductive *** factors can infuence decision-making,such as external environmental cues and the animal’s own internal state,yet,we have limited knowledge on how animals integrate available ***,we used an entire island population(57 males,53 females,and 1,109 tadpoles)of the neotropical brilliant-thighed poison frog allobates femoralis to investigate how 2 factors(olfactory cues and personality traits)infuence the ability of males to fnd and use new resources for tadpole *** experimentally manipulated the location of tadpole deposition sites and their associated olfactory cues,and repeatedly measured exploration and boldness in adult *** further reconstructed tadpole deposition choices via inferred parent–offspring relationships of adult frogs and tadpoles deposited in our experimental pools using molecular parentage *** found that the discovery and use of new rearing sites were heavily infuenced by olfactory cues;however,we did not fnd an effect of the measured behavioral traits on resource discovery and *** conclude that in highly dynamic environments such as tropical rainforests,reliable external cues likely take priority over personality traits,helping individuals to discover and make use of reproductive resources.

关键词： animal personality Anura decision-making parental care tadpole transport

Coexistence of noise-like pulse and dark pulse in an Er/Yb co-doped fiber laser

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第5期22卷 68-74页

作者：李婧王春灿王鹏 Key Laboratory of all Optical Network and Advanced Telecommunication Network Ministry of EducationInstitute of Lightwave TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

The coexistence of a noise-like pulse(NLP)and a dark pulse was experimentally demonstrated in a net-anomalous dispersion Er/Yb co-doped fiber(EYDF)laser,for the first time,to our *** cavity was mode-locked by nonlinear polarization rotation(NPR)***,a Sagnac loop with a section of polarization-maintaining fiber(PMF)was used as a comb filter to enable multiwavelength pulse *** the PMF length was 0.3 m,an asymmetric two-peak spectrum with central wavelengths of 1565.3 and 1594.2 nm was obtained by adjusting polarization controllers(PCs).It is a composite state of NLP and dark pulse due to the cross-phase modulation between the two different wavelength components along orthogonal polarization *** two pulses are synchronized with a repetition rate of 7.53 *** adjusting the PC in the Sagnac loop,the spectral ranges of NLPs and dark pulses can be tuned from 1560 to 1577.8 nm and from 1581.8 to 1605.4 nm,*** addition,the pulse characteristics were investigated by incorporating the PMF with different lengths,where the coexistence patterns can be generated when the PMF lengths were 0.2 and 0.3 m.A longer PMF can lead to a narrowband comb filtering,which causes a larger loss and is not favorable for stable operation of the coexistence *** fiber laser demonstrates an interesting operation regime and has significant potential for numerous practical applications.

关键词： coexistence state mode-locked fiber laser Sagnac loop tunable wavelength

Development of PROTACS degrading KRAS and SOS1

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Oncology Research 2024年第8期32卷 1257-1264页

作者： GERHARD HAMILTON MARIE-THERESE EGGERSTORFER SANDRA STICKLER Institute of Pharmacology Medical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria

The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus—son of sevenless 1(KRAS-SOS1)axis drives tumor growth preferentially in pancreatic,colon,and lung ***,KRAS G12C mutated tumors can be successfully treated with inhibitors that covalently block the cysteine of the switch II binding pocket of ***,the range of other KRAS mutations is not amenable to treatment and the G12C-directed agents Sotorasib and Adragrasib show a response rate of only approximately 40%,lasting for a mean period of 8 *** approach to increase the efficacy of inhibitors is their inclusion into proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs),which degrade the proteins of interest and exhibit much higher antitumor activity through multiple cycles of ***,PROTACs have been developed based on KRAS-or SOS1-directed inhibitors coupled to either von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)or Cereblon(CRBN)ligands that invoke the proteasomal *** of these PROTACs show increased activity in vitro and in vivo compared to their cognate inhibitors but their toxicity in normal tissues is not *** CRBN PROTACs containing thalidomide derivatives cannot be tested in experimental *** to such PROTACS arises through downregulation or inactivation of CRBN or factors of the functional VHL E3 ubiquitin *** highly active KRAS and SOS1 PROTACs have been formulated their clinical application remains difficult.

关键词： Proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs) Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS) Son of sevenless 1(SOS1) Von Hippel-Lindau Cereblon

Targeting KRAS in pancreatic cancer

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Oncology Research 2024年第5期32卷 799-805页

作者： SANDRA STICKLER BARBARA RATH GERHARD HAMILTON Institute of Pharmacology Medical University of ViennaViennaA-1090Austria

Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis due to late detection and lack of efficient *** Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)oncogene is mutated in up to 90%of all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas(PDACs)and constitutes an attractive target for ***,the most common KRAS mutations in PDAC are G12D(44%),G12V(34%)and G12R(20%)that are not amenable to treatment by KRAS G12C-directed cysteine-reactive KRAS inhibitors such as Sotorasib and Adagrasib that exhibit clinical efficacy in lung *** G12C mutant pancreatic cancer has been treated with Sotorasib but this mutation is detected only in 2%–3%of ***,the KRAS G12D-directed MRTX1133 inhibitor has entered clinical trials and more of such inhibitors are in *** other KRAS mutations may be targeted indirectly via inhibition of the cognate guanosine exchange factor(GEF)Son of Sevenless 1 that drives *** agents seem to provide the means to target the most frequent KRAS mutations in PDAC and to improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer PDAC KRAS SOS1 PROTAC

Transient Stability Analysis of Grid-connected Converters in Wind Turbine Systems Based on Linear Lyapunov Function and Reverse-time Trajectory

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 782-790页

作者： Mohammad Kazem Bakhshizadeh Sujay Ghosh Guangya Yang Łukasz Kocewiak Ørsted Wind Power A/S Nesa Allé12820Denmark Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 12800Denmark

As the proportion of converter-interfaced renewable energy resources in the power system is increasing,the strength of the power grid at the connection point of wind turbine generators(WTGs)is gradually *** research has shown that when connected with the weak grid,the stability of the traditional grid-following controlled converters will deteriorate,and they are prone to unstable phenomena such as *** to the limitations of linear analysis that cannot sufficiently capture the stability phenomena,transient stability must be *** far,standalone time-domain simulations or analytical Lyapunov stability criteria have been used to investigate transient ***,the time-domain simulations have proven to be computationally too heavy,while analytical methods are difficult to formulate for larger systems,require many modelling assumptions,and are often conservative in estimating the stability *** paper proposes and demonstrates an innovative approach to estimating the transient stability boundary via combining the linear Lyapunov function and the reverse-time trajectory *** proposed methodology eliminates the need of time-consuming simulations and the conservative nature of Lyapunov *** study brings out the clear distinction between the stability boundaries with different post-fault active current ramp rate *** the same time,it provides a new perspective on critical clearing time for wind turbine *** stability boundary is verified using time-domain simulation studies.

关键词： Lyapunov direct method non-autonomous system phase-locked loop(PLL) time trajectory reversal transient stability assessment wind turbine converter system

Chronic hepatitis B:Prevent,diagnose,and treat before the point of no return

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第10期16卷 1151-1157页

作者： Sudheer Marrapu Ramesh Kumar Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Hepatitis B remains a significant global health challenge,contributing to substantial morbidity and *** 254 million people world-wide live with Chronic hepatitis B(CHB),with the majority of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and the Western Pacific ***,only about 13.4%of the individuals infected with this disease have been diagnosed,and awareness of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection status is as low as 1%in sub-Saharan *** 2022,CHB led to 1.1 million deaths *** World Health Organization(WHO)has set a target of eliminating hepatitis B as a public health concern by 2030;however,this goal appears increasingly unattainable due to multiple *** challenges include low vaccination coverage;a large number of undiagnosed cases;a low proportion of patients eligible for treatment under current guidelines;limited access to healthcare;and the costs associated with lifelong *** of HBV can yield significant clinical benefits within a long window of ***,the benefits of therapy are markedly diminished when the disease is detected at the advanced cirrhosis *** editorial aim to highlight the current challenges in hepatitis care and the necessary steps to achieve the WHO's hepatitis elimination goals for 2030.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Cirrhosis Decompensation Hepato-cellular carcinoma

New perspectives on biology,disease progression,and therapy response of head and neck cancer gained from single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics

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Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 1-17页

作者： GERWIN HELLER THORSTEN FUEREDER ALEXANDER MICHAEL GRANDITS ROTRAUD WIESER Division of Oncology Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology Medical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is one of the most frequent cancers *** main risk factors are consumption of tobacco products and alcohol,as well as infection with human papilloma *** therapeutic options comprise surgery,radiation,chemotherapy,targeted therapy through epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition,and immunotherapy,but outcome has remained unsatisfactory due to recurrence rates of~50%and the frequent occurrence of second *** availability of the human genome sequence at the beginning of the millennium heralded the omics era,in which rapid technological progress has advanced our knowledge of the molecular biology of malignant diseases,including HNSCC,at an unprecedented ***,microarray-based methods,followed by approaches based on next-generation sequencing,were applied to study the genetics,epigenetics,and gene expression patterns of bulk *** recently,the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)and spatial transcriptomics methods has facilitated the investigation of the heterogeneity between and within different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment(e.g.,cancer cells,fibroblasts,immune cells,endothelial cells),led to the discovery of novel cell types,and advanced the discovery of cell-cell communication within *** review provides an overview of scRNAseq,spatial transcriptomics,and the associated bioinformatics methods,and summarizes how their application has promoted our understanding of the emergence,composition,progression,and therapy responsiveness of,and intercellular signaling within,HNSCC.

关键词： Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Tumor microenvironment Immunotherapy Gene expression Omics

Plant grafting:Molecular mechanisms and applications

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 75-91页

作者： Ming Feng Frauke Augstein Abdul Kareem Charles W.Melnyk Department of Plant Biology Linnean Center for Plant BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlmas allé575651 UppsalaSweden

People have grafted plants since antiquity for propagation,to increase yields,and to improve stress *** cutting and joining of tissues activates an incredible regenerative ability as different plants fuse and grow as *** over a hundred years,people have studied the scientific basis for how plants ***,new techniques and a deepening knowledge of the molecular basis for graft formation have allowed a range of previously ungraftable combinations to ***,we review recent developments in our understanding of graft formation,including the attachment and vascular formation *** analyze why plants graft and how biotic and abiotic factors influence successful *** also discuss the ability and inability of plants to graft,and how grafting has transformed both horticulture and fundamental plant *** our knowledge about plant grafting improves,new combinations and techniques will emerge to allow an expanded use of grafting for horticultural applications and to address fundamental research questions.

关键词： plant grafting regeneration mobile molecules tissue adhesion vascular differentiation stress tolerance