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Organic practices and gender are effective strategies to provide healthy pork loin

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第3期15卷 608-617页

作者： Javier Alvarez-Rodríguez Daniel Villalba Dolors Cubiló Daniel Babot Marc Tor Animal Science Department University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center Lleida 25198 Spain

This study evaluated the influence of husbandry（organic feed and management but not free-ranging vs. conventional） and sex（barrows vs. gilts） on pork meat quality. A total of 60 Longissimus thoracis pork muscle samples from different 3-way crossbred genotypes were chosen from 3 conventional and 2 organic pig farms. Technological meat quality was measured at 24 h post-mortem and muscle fatty acid content and composition was analysed by gas chromatography. The loin from organic pigs at 24 h of retail display had lower pH, but it had no detrimental effects on drip loss. All the International Commission on Illumination colour attributes except meat lightness differed between husbandry systems. Moisture and crude protein content were lower whereas intramuscular fat content was greater in organic than in conventional pork. Total saturated fatty acid（SFA）, monounsaturated fatty acid（MUFA）, polyunsaturated fatty acid（PUFA） and PUFA n-6 contents did not differ between husbandry systems, but total PUFA n-3（mainly C18：3 n-3） were greater in organic than in conventional pork. Sex did not affect ultimate p H or meat colour attributes but barrows showed lower moisture and greater intramuscular fat than gilts. Total SFA and MUFA content were similar but all the PUFA（both n-6 and n-3） were lower in barrows than in gilts. These results suggest that some bioactive compounds from dietary origin, i.e., linolenic acid（C18：3 n-3） content from dietary vegetable oils（soybean or olive olein）, might be used to highlight the nutritive value of（not free-ranging） organic pork meat. In addition, gilts were leaner than barrows and showed a more favourable PUFA/SFA ratio.

关键词： Longissimus muscle chemical composition intramuscular fat fatty acids pigs

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Breeding effects on the genotype×environment interaction for yield of durum wheat grown after the Green Revolution:The case of Spain

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The Crop Journal 2020年第4期8卷 623-634页

作者： Fadia Chairi Nieves Aparicio Maria Dolores Serret José Luis Araus Section of Plant Physiology University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain agrotecnio(center of Research in Agrotechnology) LleidaSpain Instituto de Tecnología Agraria de Castilla y León(ITACyL) ValladolidSpain

This study evaluates the changes caused by breeding in the genotype by environment(G×E)interaction of the durum wheat varieties most widely cultivated in Spain after the Green Revolution.A set of 12 cultivars was tested in 27 environments,which are understood as the combination of different sites,years,and treatments(water regime and planting dates),representative of the durum wheat growing conditions in Spain with average grain yields(GY)ranging between 2.8 and 9.1 Mg ha^-*** most important environmental factors affecting the G×E interaction for yield were themaximum and the mean temperature during the entire crop *** improvement in genetic yield was observed in warm environments and under optimal water conditions that resemble those where the germplasm originated(essentially as advanced lines)before its release in ***,the adaptation of semi-dwarf durum in Spain has shown a tendency to specific adaptation rather than large-scale *** different patterns of selection have been reported due the G×E interaction and changes in the ranking of genotypes:in the high yielding environments(GY>5 Mg ha^-1),plants favor increased water uptake,with higher levels of transpiration and more open stomata(more negative values of carbon isotope composition,δ^13 C,and higher canopy temperature depression,CTD),whereas,in low yielding environments(GY<5 Mg ha^-1)plants close their stomata and favor greater water use efficiency(less negativeδ^13 C values and lower CTD values).

关键词： breeding cultivar dwarf

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Mushroom Production as an Alternative for Rural Development in a Forested Mountainous Area

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 535-543页

作者： José *** José R.GONZáLEZ-OLABARRIA Juan MARTíNEZ DE ARAGóN Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio).Av. Rovira Roure 191 E-25198 Lleida Spain Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC-CEMFOR). Ctra. de St. Lloren? de Morunys km 2 E-25280 Solsona Spain

Wild mushrooms are recognized as important non-wood forest products in mountainous ecosystems, but their real potential for generating rural economies has not been fully evaluated due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable productivity data, minimizing their true potential as contributor to rural economies. Mushroom yield models based on large data series from Pinus forest ecosystems in the region of Catalonia(Spain), combined with data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory allow us to estimate the potential mushroom productivity by forest ecosystems. The results of 24,500 tons/yr of mushrooms of which 16,300 tons are classified as edible and 7,900 tons are commonly marketed demonstrate the importance of mushroom productions in Catalonian pine forests, mostly located in mountainous areas where the development of agricultural activities is limited. Economic mushroom value is estimated at 48 million € for the edible mushroom and 32 million € for those corresponding to marketable yields, confirming the potential of this non-wood forest product. These production results and corresponding economic values provide a basis for the incorporation of wild mushrooms as significant non-wood forest products in the development of forest policies in mountainous areas.

关键词： Non-wood forest products Mushroom models National Forest Inventory Economic value Mushroom potential estimation

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In vitro Metabolomic Approaches to Investigating the Potential Biological Effects of Phenolic Compounds:An Update

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第4期15卷 236-245页

作者： Ursula Catalan Laura Barrubes Rosa Maria Vails Rosa Soila Laura Rubio Functional Nutrition Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group(NFOC-Salut)Technological Center of Nutrition and Health(CTNS)lnstitut d'lnvestigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili(IISPV)Faculty of Medicine and ttealth SciencesUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReus 43201Spain Food Technology Department Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO CenterLleida 25198Spain

Dietary phenolic compounds （PCs） have been receiving intercst lor their presumcd roles ill disease prevention. However, there is a lack of studies on the underlying molecular mechanisnls. In this regard, in vitro metabolomic approaches are suitable for the investigation o1 the molecular changes in response to PC exposure. Up to date, the biological effects of PCs have only been cxalnined for PCs from rosemary （Rosmarinus officinalis）, olive oil, and reSVCl-atrol using cell-based mctabolomic approach, although transcriptomic and/or proteomic studies have also been conducted in the same in vi[ro cell experiment in some cases. Our integral analysis of the reviewed studies suggest that PCs may be involved not only in basic cellular processes or macro-and micro-nutrient meta- bolism, but also in specific metabolic pathways that have been thoroughly investigated. These modulated pathways could have a clinical impact on neurodegenerativc diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, the in vitro metabolomic approaches provide additional information of the molecular mechanisms involved in disease risk reduction of dietary PCs. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of action of PCs, more metabolomic cell-based studies are nccdcd and testing the physiological conjugated forms of PCs in these cell systems could be of special interest.

关键词： Cell-based Metabolomics Phenolic compounds Mechanism of action Disease prevention

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Transgenic and genome-edited fruits: background, constraints, benefits, and commercial opportunities

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2289-2304页

作者： Maria Lobato-Gomez Seanna Hewitt Teresa Capell Paul Christou Amit Dhingra Patricia Sarai Giron-Calva Department of Crop and Forest Sciences University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleida 25198Spain Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPO Box646414 PullmanWAUSA ICREA Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies08010 BarcelonaSpain

Breeding has been used successfully for many years in the fruit industry,giving rise to most of today’s commercial fruit *** recently,new molecular breeding techniques have addressed some of the constraints of conventional ***,the development and commercial introduction of such novel fruits has been slow and limited with only five genetically engineered fruits currently produced as commercial varieties—virus-resistant papaya and squash were commercialized 25 years ago,whereas insect-resistant eggplant,non-browning apple,and pink-fleshed pineapple have been approved for commercialization within the last 6 years and production continues to increase every *** in molecular genetics,particularly the new wave of genome editing technologies,provide opportunities to develop new fruit cultivars more *** review,emphasizes the socioeconomic impact of current commercial fruit cultivars developed by genetic engineering and the potential impact of genome editing on the development of improved cultivars at an accelerated rate.

关键词： cultivar breeding constraints

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Crop phenotyping in a context of global change:What to measure and how to do it

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第2期64卷 592-618页

作者： Jose Luis Araus Shawn Carlisle Kefauver Omar Vergara-Díaz Adrian Gracia-Romero Fatima Zahra Rezzouk Joel Segarra Maria Luisa Buchaillot Melissa Chang-Espino Thomas Vatter Rut Sanchez-Bragado JoséArmando Fernandez-Gallego Maria Dolores Serret Jordi Bort Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group Plant Physiology SectionFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain agrotecnio center LleidaSpain Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Lab ITQB NovaPlant Sciences DivisionOeirasPortugal Programa de Ingeniería Electrónica Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de IbaguéIbaguéColombia

High-throughput crop phenotyping,particularly under field conditions,is nowadays perceived as a key factor limiting crop genetic *** not only facilitates conventional breeding,but it is necessary to fully exploit the capabilities of molecular breeding,and it can be exploited to predict breeding targets for the years ahead at the regional level through more advanced simulation models and decision support *** terms of phenotyping,it is necessary to determined which selection traits are relevant in each situation,and which phenotyping tools/methods are available to assess such *** sensing methodologies are currently the most popular approaches,even when lab-based analyses are still relevant in many *** top of that,data processing and automation,together with machine learning/deep learning are contributing to the wide range of applications for *** review addresses spectral and red-green-blue sensing as the most popular remote sensing approaches,alongside stable isotope composition as an example of a lab-based tool,and root phenotyping,which represents one of the frontiers for field ***,we consider the two most promising forms of aerial platforms(unmanned aerial vehicle and satellites)and some of the emerging data-processing *** review includes three Boxes that examine specific case studies.

关键词： crop phenotyping deep learning models photosynthesis platforms remote sensing roots satellites sensors stable isotopes

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Host selection by the autoparasitoid Encarsia pergandiella on primary （Bemisia tabacl） and secondary （Eretmocerus mundus） hosts

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 793-802页

作者： Yi-Bo Zhang Cristina Castane Rosa Gabarra Ramon Albajes Fang-Hao Wan Sustainable Plant Protection Department Institute for Research and Technology in Agriculture (IRTA) 08348 Cabrils Barcelona agrotecnio center Universitat de Lleida Rovira Roure 191 25198 Lleida Spain State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China.

In autoparasitoids, females are generally primary endoparasitoids of Hemiptera, while males are hyperparasitoids developing in or on conspecific females or other primary parasitoids. Female-host acceptance can be influenced by extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors. In this paper, we are concerned with intrinsic factors such as nutritional status, mating status, etc. We observed the behavior of Encarsia pergandiella Howard （Hymenoptera： Aphelinidae） females when parasitizing primary （3rd instar larvae ofBemisia tabaci Gen- nadius [Homoptera： Aleyrodidae]） and secondary hosts （3rd instar larvae and pupae of Eretmocerus rnundus Mercet [Hymenoptera： Aphelinidae]） for a period of 1 h. Females had different reproductive （virgin or mated younger） and physiological （fed elder or mated elder） status. Virgin females killed a large number of secondary hosts while investing a long time per host. However, they did not feed upon them. Mated females killed a lower number of secondary hosts and host feeding was observed in both consuming primary and secondary hosts. It was common to observe host examining females of all physiological statues tested repeatedly stinging the same hosts when parasitizing, killing or rejecting them. Fed elder females parasitized more B. tabaci larvae than E. mundus larvae or pupae, while investing less time on the primary host than on the secondary host. They also para- sitized more B. tabaci larvae than mated elder females, while investing less time per host. The access of females to honey allowed them to lay more eggs.

关键词： direct observation female physiological status Heteronomous hyperpara-sitoids host acceptance behavior

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Linoleic acid metabolic pathway allows for an efficient increase of intramuscular fat content in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 759-767页

作者： Sofia Gol Rayner Gonzalez-Prendes Lluis Bosch Marc Tor Josep Reixach Ramona N.Pena Joan Estany Department of Animal Science Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center191 Rovira Roure25198 LleidaCataloniaSpain Department of Chemical Agricultural and Food Technology EngineeringUniversitat de GironaCampus de Montilivi17071 GironaCataloniaSpain Seleccion Batalle S.A. Av.Segadors s/n17421 RiudarenesCataloniaSpain

Background: Intramuscular fat(IMF) content is a relevant trait for high-quality meat products such as dry-cured ham,but increasing IMF has the undesirable correlated effect of decreasing lean ***,there is a need to find selection criteria for IMF independent from lean *** pigs,the proportion of linoleic(C18:2) and arachidonic(C20:4) acids decline with fat deposition and therefore they can be considered as indicators of *** aim of this research was to estimate the genetic variation for C18:2 and C20:4 in IMF and their genetic correlations with IMF and lean growth traits,with the objective to assess their potential as specific biomarkers of *** analysis was conducted using a full-pedigreed Duroc resource line with 91,448 records of body weight and backfat thickness(BT) at 180 days of age and 1371 records of fatty acid composition in the muscle gluteus ***: The heritability estimates for C18:2 and C20:4 in IMF,whether expressed in absolute(mg/g of muscle) or in relative(mg/g of fatty acid) terms,as well as for their ratio(C20:4/C18:2),were high(> 0.40),revealing that the C18:2 to C20:4 pathway is subjected to substantial genetic *** effects were not negligible,with values ranging from8% to 15% of the phenotypic *** genetic correlations of C18:2 and C20:4 with IMF and BT were negative(-0.75 to-0.66,for IMF,and-0.64 to-0.36,for BT),if expressed in relative values,but almost null(-0.04 to 0.07),if expressed in absolute values,except for C18:2 with IMF,which was highly positive(0.88).The ratio of C20:4 to C18:2 also displayed a stronger genetic correlation with IMF(-0.59) than with BT(-0.10).Conclusions: The amount of C18:2 in muscle can be used as an IMF-specific *** for the absolute amount of C18:2 is expected to deliver a similar response outcome as selection for IMF at restrained *** genetic analysis of the C18:2 metabolic pathway may provide new insights into differential fat deposition

关键词： Arachidonic Genetic parameters Intramuscular fat Linoleic Meat quality Swine

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Multiscale assessment of ground,aerial and satellite spectral data for monitoring wheat grain nitrogen content

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 504-522页

作者： Joel Segarra Fatima Zahra Rezzouk Nieves Aparicio Jon González-Torralba Iker Aranjuelo Adrian Gracia-Romero Jose Luis Araus Shawn C.Kefauver Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group Plant Physiology SectionFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona 08028Spain agrotecnio(center for Research in Agrotechnology) Lleida 251981Spain Agro-technological Institute of Castilla y León(ITACyL) Valladolid 47071Spain Grupo AN Tajonar 31192NavarreSpain Instituto de Agrobiotecnología(IdAB) CSIC-Gobierno de NavarraMutilva Baja 31192PamplonaNavarreSpain

Wheat grain quality characteristics have experienced increasing attention as a central factor affecting wheat end-use products quality and human ***,in the last decades a reduction in grain quality has been ***,it is central to develop efficient quality-related phenotyping *** this sense,one of the most relevant wheat features related to grain quality traits is grain nitrogen content,which is directly linked to grain protein content and monitorable with remote sensing ***,the relation between nitrogen fertilization and grain nitrogen content(protein)plays a central role in the sustainability of *** aiming to develop efficient phenotyping tools using remote sensing instruments and to advance towards a field-level efficient and sustainable monitoring of grain nitrogen status,this paper studies the efficacy of various sensors,multispectral and visible red-greenblue(RGB),at different scales,ground and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),and phenological stages(anthesis and grain filling)to estimate grain nitrogen *** models were calculated using vegetation indices at each sensing level,sensor type and phenological ***,this study explores the up-scalability of the best performing model to satellite level Sentinel-2 equivalent *** found that models built at the phenological stage of anthesis with UAV-level multispectral cameras using red-edge bands outperformed grain nitrogen content estimation(R2=0.42,RMSE=0.18%)in comparison with those models built with RGB imagery at ground and aerial level,as well as with those built with widely used ground-level multispectral *** also demonstrated the possibility to use UAV-built multispectral linear models at the satellite scale to determine grain nitrogen content effectively(R2=0.40,RMSE=0.29%)at actual wheat fields.

关键词： Wheat Remote sensing Sentinel-2 Grain nitrogen content Phenotyping

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Gastric and small intestinal lipid digestion kinetics as affected by the gradual addition of lipases and bile salts

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 781-792页

作者： S.H.E Verkempinck J.M.Guevara-Zambrano M.R.Infantes-Garcia M.C.Naranjo R.Soliva-Fortuny P.Elez-Martínez T.Grauwet KU Leuven Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems M2SLaboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre LFoRCeKasteelpark Arenberg 23PB 24573001LeuvenBelgium University of Lleida Department of Food TechnologyAgrotecnio CenterAv.Alcalde Rovira Roure 19125198LleidaSpain

We studied the effect of evolving from static in vitro digestion conditions towards the gradual addition of essential digestive compounds for lipid *** oil-in-water emulsions were considered:a low(5%w/w)and high(20%w/w)triolein-based emulsion with identical surfactant-to-oil ratio(0.2).Emulsions were subjected to in vitro static digestion conditions or gradual gastric lipase addition,gradual pancreatic lipase addition,and/or gradual bile salt *** these three latter cases,similar amounts of gastric/pancreatic lipase and/or bile salts were provided as in the static case,however divided over 4 doses added during the first 30 min of each digestive *** the low-lipid emulsion,gradually adding lipases and bile salts did not significantly affect lipolysis *** can be related to the sufficient amounts of digestive compounds present even in the smallest initial *** the high-lipid emulsion,the gradual addition of bile salts significantly reduced the lipolysis *** salts are essential to remove lipid digestion products from the interface and thus allow the continuation of the lipid digestion process at the ***,the lipolysis extent after 2 h of small intestinal phase was not significantly influenced by the digestion *** is again explained by the simple nature of the emulsions studied and the excess of lipase even in the smallest initial ***,this work showed that evolving towards more(semi-)dynamic digestion conditions can impact(lipid)digestion kinetics,even for relatively simple food compositions,and is of interest to obtain more physiological relevant digestion kinetics.

关键词： Kinetics In vitro digestion Microemulsions Lipid digestion Lipases Bile salts

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