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Enhancing the stability and ecological safety of mass-reared transgenic strains for field release by redundant conditional lethality systems

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 225-234页

作者： Alfred M. Handler USDA Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville FL 32608 USA

The genetic manipulation of agriculturally important insects now allows the development of genetic sexing and male sterility systems for more highly efficient biologically-based population control programs, most notably the Sterile Insect Technique （SIT）, for both plant and animal insect pests. Tetracycline-suppressible （Tet-off） conditional lethal systems may function together so that transgenic strains will be viable and fertile on a tetracycline-containing diet, but female-lethal and male sterile in tetracycline-free condi- tions. This would allow their most efficacious use in a unified system for sterile male-only production for SIT. A critical consideration for the field release of such transgenic insect strains, however, is a determination of the frequency and genetic basis of lethality revertant survival. This will provide knowledge essential to evaluating the genetic stability of the lethality system, its environmental safety, and provide the basis for modifications ensur- ing optimal efficacy. For Tet-off lethal survival determinations, development of large-scale screening protocols should also allow the testing of these modifications, and test the ability of other conditional lethal systems to fully suppress propagation of rare Tet-off survivors. If a dominant temperature sensitive （DTS） pupal lethality system proves efficient for sec- ondary lethality in Drosophila, it may provide the safeguard needed to support the release of sexing/sterility strains, and potentially, the release of unisex lethality strains as a form of genetic male sterility. Should the DTS Prosβ21 mutation prove effective for redundant lethality, its high level of structural and functional conservation should allow host-specific cognates to be created for a wide range of insect species.

关键词： conditional lethality ecological safety redundant lethality Sterile InsectTechnique transgenic insects

Weedy red rice has novel sources of resistance to biotic stress

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The Crop Journal 2018年第5期6卷 443-450页

作者： Yulin Jia David Gealy USDA agricultural Research service Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center

Weedy red rice(Oryza sativa;WRR),a close relative of cultivated rice,is a highly competitive weed that commonly infests rice fields and can also naturally interbreed with *** genes for biotic stress have been maintained in WRR and can be explored for *** we describe genetic and physiological traits of WRR that can be beneficial in preventing major rice *** blast,caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae,and sheath blight disease,caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia solani,are the two most damaging biotic stresses of *** major and minor resistance genes and QTL have been identified in cultivated and wild rice ***,novel QTL were recently found in the two major *** of WRR,blackhull-awned(BH)and strawhullawnless(SH),suggesting that WRR has evolved novel genetic mechanisms to cope with these biotic ***-eight accessions of WRR(PI 653412–PI 653439)from the southern USA were characterized and placed in the National Small Grains Collection,and are available for identification of novel genetic factors to prevent biotic stress.

关键词： Weedy red rice Oryza sativa Geng Aus Blast disease Sheath blight disease

Time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and their implications for modeling transpiration in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 515-529页

作者： BO Xiaodong DU Taisheng DING Risheng Louise COMAS center for agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Water Management Research United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service

Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its influencing factors in time lags of basal stem flow during the development of herbaceous plants including crops remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Northwest China to examine the time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and to calibrate the transpiration modeling. Cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lags between stem sap flow and meteorological driving factors including solar radiation（R_s） and vapor pressure deficit of the air（VPD_（air））. Results indicate that the changes in seed-maize stem sap flow consistently lagged behind the changes in R_s and preceded the changes in VPD_（air） both on hourly and daily scales, suggesting that light-mediated stomatal closures drove sap flow responses. The time lag in the maize＇s sap flow differed significantly during different growth stages and the difference was potentially due to developmental changes in capacitance tissue and/or xylem during ontogenesis. The time lags between stem sap flow and R_s in both female plants and male plants corresponded to plant use of stored water and were independent of total plant water use. Time lags of sap flow were always longer in male plants than in female plants. Theoretically, dry soil may decrease the speed by which sap flow adjusts ahead of shifts in VPD_（air） in comparison with wet soil and also increase the speed by which sap flow adjusts to R_s. However, sap flow lags that were associated with R_s before irrigation and after irrigation in female plants did not shift. Time series analysis method provided better results for simulating seed-maize sap flow with advantages of allowing for fewer variables to be included. This approach would be helpful in improving the accuracy of estimation for canopy transpiration a

关键词： seed-maize sap flow capacitance transfer function model time lag stored water use

Structure, Antibacterial Activity and Theoretical Study of the Forming Mechanism of Compound [(5-Methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-thiophen-2-yl-methylene] Thiosemicarbazide

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第9期33卷 1275-1280页

作者：朱华玲朱金花黄治强吕丽娟尉震 Department of Basic Science Tianjin Agricultural College Meteorological service center of Shanxi Province

A new thiosemicarbazone compound derived from 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-（2-thenoyl） pyrazolone-5 （HPMTP） and thiosemicarbazide has been synthesized and characterized by IR, H- NMR, MS, elemental analysis, UV and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic system, Cc space group with a = 7.5925（8）, b = 20.263（2）, c = 11.4669（13） A, r= 107.825（8）°, V = 1679.5（3） A3, Z = 4, R = 0.0316 and wR = 0.0687. The results of antibacterial activity test against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis indicate that the compound possesses the same antibacterial activity as the contrast （Norfloxacin）. Theoretical study of the forming mechanism to the title compound at the RHF/6-31G（d） level shows that there are two steps. The distal amino group of thiosemicarbazide is added to the 4-carbonyl group of HPMTP which forms TM. Then a dehydration reaction occurs in TM and generates a stable product PC.

关键词： synthesis structure antibacterial activity forming mechanism

Evaluating the impacts of converting grain to vegetable fields on nitrate transport in the deep vadose zone of the North China Plain

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期 189-212页

作者： LIU Meiying MIN Leilei WU Lin ZHANG Yucui QI Yongqing WANG Shiqin LIU Binbin GENG Di SHEN Yanjun Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water ResourcesCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyCAS School of Advanced agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nitrate （NO3-） accumulation and transport processes in the thick vadose zone affect the evolution of the groundwater NO3-content in intensive agricultural *** land-use change （ALUC）,typically accompanied by substantial alterations in nitrogen fertilizer application and irrigation practices,is an important influencing *** study evaluated the changes in NO3-accumulation and transport in the deep vadose zone （DVZ,below the root zone）,and the groundwater NO3-content associated with ALUC from grain to vegetable fields in the North China Plain （NCP）.The ALUC from grain to vegetable resulted in nitrate–nitrogen （NO3--N） accumulation in DVZ increased by 235.5 kg ha-1m-1（163.2%） in the piedmont plain and 224.9 kg ha-1m-1（102.7%） in the central plain,*** change accelerated downward transport velocity in the DVZ (from 0.81±0.47 to 0.89±0.55 m yr-1in the piedmont plain,and from 0.24±0.12 to 0.92±0.12 m yr-1in the central plain) and increased NO3-leaching *** transport velocity and leaching fluxes resulted in chemical N-fertilizer entering the aquifer in several areas in the piedmont *** impact of the agricultural activity intensity changes,accompanied by the ALUC,on groundwater quantity and quality should be considered in similar regions.

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Understanding temporal stability:a long-term analysis of USDA ARS watersheds

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1243-1254页

作者： Evan J.Coopersmith Michael H.Cosh Patrick J.Starks David D.Bosch Chandra Holifield Collins Mark Seyfried Stan Livingston John Prueger Soil Insight LLCWashington D.C.USA USDA-agricultural Research service Beltsville Agricultural Research CenterHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleUSA USDA-agricultural Research service-Grazinglands Research Laboratory El RenoUSA USDA-agricultural Research service-Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory TiftonUSA USDA-agricultural Research service-Southwest Watershed Research center TucsonUSA USDA-agricultural Research service-Northwest Watershed Research Laboratory BoiseUSA USDAagricultural Research service-National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory West LafayetteUSA USDA-agricultural Research service-National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesUSA

The *** of Agriculture’s agricultural Research service(USDAARS)maintains seven in situ soil moisture networks throughout the continental United States,some since *** networks are crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal extent of droughts in their historical context,parameterization of hydrologic models,and local agricultural decision ***,the estimates from these networks are dependent upon their ability to provide reliable soil moisture information at a large *** is also not known how many network stations are sufficient to monitor watershed scale ***,the objectives of this research were to:(1)determine how temporally stable these networks are,including the relationships between various sensors on a year-to-year and seasonal basis,and(2)attempt to determine how many sensors are required,within a network,to approximate the full network *** data from seven in situ,it is concluded that approximately 12 soil moisture sensors are sufficient in most environments,presuming their locations are distributed to capture the hydrologic heterogeneity of the *** is possible to install a temporary network containing a suitable number of sensors for an appropriate length of time,glean stable relationships between locations,and retain these insights moving forward with fewer sensor resources.

关键词： Soil moisture temporal stability in situ networks

Movement analysis in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 485-486页

作者： Johannes Burtscher Nicolas Bourdillon Jules MJanssen Daalen Aurélien Patoz Julien FBally Martin Kopp Davide Malatesta Bastiaan RBloem Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Radboud University Medical center Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorCenter of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersNijmegenThe Netherlands Radboud University Medical center Department of Medical BioSciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands Research and Development Department Volodalen Swiss Sport LabAigleSwitzerland service of Neurology Department of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital(CHUV)and University of Lausanne(UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disease,at first sight primarily characterized by motor symptoms,although non-motor symptoms also constitute a major part of the overall ***,this disease cannot be diagnosed reliably until a large part of the vulnerable dopaminergic neurons has been irretrievably lost,and the disease progresses *** biological criteria for PD have been proposed recently and might eventually improve early diagnosis,but they require further validation,and their use will initially be restricted to a research environment(Darweesh et al.,2024).

关键词： diagnosis Clinical eventually

Choices of Varieties and Demand for Improved Rice Seed in Fogera District of Ethiopia

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 350-356页

作者： A.H.MESFIN L.ZEMEDU agricultural Economics Research Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research/Agricultural Research Center agricultural Economics Research Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research/Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center

In this study, 151 households were randomly drawn from three randomly selected Kebele in probability proportional to size method. The demographic and socio-economic factors that determine the participation in improved varieties were household labor availability, education level of the household head,land holdings, distance to the nearest village market, proximity to the main market, and distance to access agricultural extension and access to the source of rice seeds. However, determinants of choice decision varied from cultivar to cultivar. The evidence of the study from the interdependence among the decision of adoption of improved rice varieties suggested that technology adoption will be accelerated by launching a progressively developing package and scheme of rice technology generation, and points to the importance of mobilising additional resources to augment households' efforts at popularization and promotion of improved rice *** findings from Linearized Almost Ideal Demand Systems(LA/AIDS) model showed that compelling evidence for small proportion changes in own prices and cross price of improved rice varieties led to greater than unitary proportionate changes in their purchases. The results generally showed that farmers were very sensitive to changes in improved rice seed prices and incomes. The major implication of the findings was that any intervention to improve farmers' seed purchases should take into account efforts to increase farmers' purchasing power of agricultural inputs like improved seeds and fertilizers.

关键词： improved rice choice seed demand multivariate probit Linearized Almost Ideal Demand Systems

Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expression Analyses of GA2ox Gene Family in Brassica napus L.

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第3期92卷 815-835页

作者： Yanhua Li Hualei Huang Youming Shi Shuqin Huang Tao Liu Changming Xiao Xiaoqing Tian Ping Zhao Xiaoyan Dai Taocui Huang Yan Zhou Chongqing Academy of agricultural Sciences Chongqing401329China Chongqing Municipal agricultural School Chongqing401329China Fengdu agricultural Technology service center Chongqing408201China

Gibberellin 2-oxidases(GA2ox)are important enzymes that maintain the balance of bioactive GAs in ***2ox genes have been identified and characterized in many plants,but these genes were not investigated in Brassica ***,we identified 31 GA2ox genes in *** and 15 of these BnaGA2ox genes were distributed in the A and C *** localization predictions suggested that all BnaGA2ox proteins were localized in the cytoplasm,and gene structure analysis showed that the BnaGA2ox genes contained 2–4 *** analysis indicated that BnGA2ox family proteins in monocotyledons and dicotyledons can be divided into four groups,including two C_(19)-GA2ox and two C_(20)-GA2ox *** 4 is a C_(20)-GA2ox Class discovered *** BnaGA2ox genes had a syntenic relationship with AtGA2ox ***2ox genes in the C subgenome had experienced stronger selection pressure than genes in the A ***2ox genes were highly expressed in specific tissues such as those involved in growth and development,and most of them were mainly involved in abiotic responses,regulation of phytohormones and growth and *** study provided a valuable evolutionary analysis of GA2ox genes in monocotyledons and dicotyledons,as well as an insight into the biological functions of GA2ox family genes in ***.

关键词： Brassica napus GA2ox gene family evolution expression patterns