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EVEscape: Revealing potential escape sites based on the viral variation landscape

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第2期10卷 133-134页

作者： Yaling Li Aiping Wu Hang-Yu Zhou Zhejiang lab State Key laboratory of Common Mechanism research for Major Diseases Suzhou Institute of Systems MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

The continuous mutation and evolution of viruses to evade the host immune response present a formidable challenge to combating infectious diseases. Accurate prediction of viral immune escape sites is crucial for disease diagnosis, therapy development, vaccine design, and other strategies aimed at combating emerging infectious diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic,

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Highly sensitive flexible strain sensor based on the two-dimensional semiconductor tellurium with a negative gauge factor

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 295-304页

作者： Jiarui HE Yusong QU Shengyao CHEN Cong WANG Lena DU Xiaoshan DU Yuanyuan ZHENG Guozhong ZHAO He TIAN College of Mathematics and Physics Beijing University of Chemical Technology School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua University Beijing China & The Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua University CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology &University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key lab of Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging Key Lab of Terahertz OptoelectronicsMinistry of Education Department of Physics Capital Normal University

research on flexible strain sensors has advanced rapidly in recent years, with particular attention being devoted to two-dimensional(2D) semiconductor materials owing to their exceptional mechanical and electrical properties that are conducive to sophisticated sensing performance. However, resistive strain sensors based on 2D semiconductor materials typically exhibit positive gauge factors(GF), while materials for strain sensors with a negative GF remain elusive. We have identified a trend of reduction in the band gap of the emerging 2D semiconductor material tellurium(Te) under strain in simulations reported in past research,and have observed a negative GF in the Te-based strain sensor. In this study, we combined Te with a flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate to manufacture a flexible strain sensor with a significantly negative GF. The results of tests revealed that the Te-based strain sensor achieved an impressive maximum sensitivity of-139.7 within a small range of bending-induced strain(< 1%). Furthermore, it exhibited excellent linearity and good cyclic stability, and was successfully applied to monitor limb movements. The work here verifies the significant potential for the use of Te-based strain sensors in next-generation flexible electronics.

关键词： 2D semiconductor materials 2D tellurium flexibleelectronics strain sensors negative gauge factor high sensitivity

Model architecture level privacy leakage in neural networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 20-32页

作者： Yan LI Hongyang YAN Teng HUANG Zijie PAN Jiewei LAI Xiaoxue ZHANG Kongyang CHEN Jin LI Institute of Artificial Intelligent and Blockchain Guangzhou University Pazhou lab

Privacy leakage is one of the most critical issues in machine learning and has attracted growing interest for tasks such as demonstrating potential threats in model attacks and creating model *** recent years, numerous studies have revealed various privacy leakage risks(e.g., data reconstruction attack, membership inference attack, backdoor attack, and adversarial attack) and several targeted defense approaches(e.g., data denoising, differential privacy, and data encryption). However, existing solutions generally focus on model parameter levels to disclose(or repair) privacy threats during the model training and/or model interference process, which are rarely applied at the model architecture level. Thus, in this paper, we aim to exploit the potential privacy leakage at the model architecture level through a pioneer study on neural architecture search(NAS) paradigms which serves as a powerful tool to automate a neural network *** investigating the NAS procedure, we discover two attack threats in the model architecture level called the architectural dataset reconstruction attack and the architectural membership inference attack. Our theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation reveal that an attacker may leverage the output architecture of an ongoing NAS paradigm to reconstruct its original training set, or accurately infer the memberships of its training set simply from the model architecture. In this work, we also propose several defense approaches related to these model architecture attacks. We hope our work can highlight the need for greater attention to privacy protection in model architecture levels(e.g., NAS paradigms).

关键词： neural architecture search data reconstruction attack membership inference attack

Enhancing thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe through manipulating energy band structures and decreasing electronic thermal conductivity

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3232-3241页

作者： Xin Qian Hao-Ran Guo Jia-Xin Lyu Bang-Fu Ding Xing-Yuan San Xiao Zhang Jiang-Long Wang Shu-Fang Wang Hebei Key lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials College of Physics Science and TechnologyHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China College of Electron and Information Engineering Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China research Institute for Frontier Science Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

SnTe has received considerable attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to the representative thermoelectric material of ***,excessive hole carrier concentration in SnTe results in an extremely low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity,which makes it exhibit relatively inferior thermoelectric *** this work,the thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe is enhanced through regulating its energy band structures and reducing its electronic thermal conductivity by combining Bi doping with CdSe ***,the carrier concentration of SnTe is successfully suppressed via Bi doping,which significantly decreases the electronic thermal ***,the convergence and flattening of the valence bands by alloying CdSe effectively improves the effective mass of SnTe while restraining its carrier ***,a maximum figure of merit(ZT) of~ 0.87 at 823 K and an average ZT of~ 0.51 at 300-823 K have been achieved in Sn_(0.96)Bi_(0.04)Te-5%*** results indicate that decreasing the electronic thermal conductivity is an effective means of improving the performance of thermoelectric materials with a high carrier concentration.

关键词： Thermoelectric materials SnTe Energy band structure Electronic thermal conductivity ZT value

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An innovative heterogeneous transfer learning framework to enhance the scalability of deep reinforcement learning controllers in buildings with integrated energy systems

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 739-770页

作者： Davide Coraci Silvio Brandi Tianzhen Hong Alfonso Capozzoli Politecnico di Torino Department of EnergyTEBE research groupBAEDA Lab.Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy Building Technology and Urban Systems Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOne Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)-based control shows enhanced performance in the management of integrated energy systems when compared with Rule-Based Controllers(RBCs),but it still lacks scalability and generalisation due to the necessity of using tailored models for the training *** Learning(TL)is a potential solution to address this ***,existing TL applications in building control have been mostly tested among buildings with similar features,not addressing the need to scale up advanced control in real-world scenarios with diverse energy *** paper assesses the performance of an online heterogeneous TL strategy,comparing it with RBC and offline and online DRL controllers in a simulation setup using EnergyPlus and *** study tests the transfer in both transductive and inductive settings of a DRL policy designed to manage a chiller coupled with a Thermal Energy Storage(TES).The control policy is pre-trained on a source building and transferred to various target buildings characterised by an integrated energy system including photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems,different building envelope features,occupancy schedule and boundary conditions(e.g.,weather and price signal).The TL approach incorporates model slicing,imitation learning and fine-tuning to handle diverse state spaces and reward functions between source and target *** show that the proposed methodology leads to a reduction of 10% in electricity cost and between 10% and 40% in the mean value of the daily average temperature violation rate compared to RBC and online DRL ***,online TL maximises self-sufficiency and self-consumption by 9% and 11% with respect to ***,online TL achieves worse performance compared to offline DRL in either transductive or inductive ***,offline Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)agents should be trained at least for 15 episodes to reach the same level of performance as the online

关键词： transfer learning reinforcement learning building control building energy management

A review on the transformation of birnessite in the environment:Implication for the stabilization of heavy metals

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 496-515页

作者： Miao Shi Qingzhu Li Qingwei Wang Xuelei Yan Bensheng Li Linhai Feng Chao Wu Rongrong Qiu Hongkai Zhang Zhihui Yang Weichun Yang Qi Liao Liyuan Chai School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Engineering research Centre for Control and Treatment ofHeavy Metal Pollution Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Water Pollution Control Technology Key lab of Hunan Province Changsha 410083China

Birnessite is ubiquitous in the natural environment where heavy metals are retained and easily *** surface properties and structure of birnessite change with the changes in external environmental conditions,which also affects the fate of heavy *** the effect and mechanism of the birnessite phase transition process on heavy metals is the key to taking effective measures to prevent and control heavy metal ***,the four transformation pathways of birnessite are summarized first in this ***,the relationship between transformation pathways and environmental conditions is *** relevant environmental conditions include abiotic(e.g.,co-existing ions,pH,oxygen pressure,temperature,electric field,light,aging,pressure)and biotic factors(e.g.,microorganisms,biomolecules).The phase transformation is achieved by the key intermediate of Mn(Ⅲ)through interlayer-condensation,folding,neutralizationdisproportionation,and dissolution-recrystallization *** AOS(average oxidation state)of Mn and interlayer spacing are closely correlated with the phase transformation of *** but not least,the mechanisms of heavy metals immobilization in the transformation process of birnessite are summed *** involve isomorphous substitution,redox,complexation,hydration/dehydration,*** transformation of birnessite and its implication on heavy metals will be helpful for understanding and predicting the behavior of heavy metals and the crucial phase of manganese oxides/hydroxides in natural and engineered environments.

关键词： Birnessite Transformation Heavy metals Pathways Mechanism

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Paper Analytical Device for the Colourimetric Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase in Serum and Saliva

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第03期8卷 385-394页

作者： D.Alageswari A.LakshmiDevi P.E.Resmi P.V.Suneesh AarathiPradeep T.G.SatheeshBabu Department of Chemistry Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Biosensor research lab Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Biomedical Engineering Centre Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

A paper analytical device (PAD) was developed for the colourimetric estimation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of disodium phenyl phosphate (DSPP) to phenol, which then undergoes oxidative coupling with4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) producing a reddish brown-coloured quinone imine. The colourimetric reaction tested in solution has been translated onto a PAD for the point of care (PoC) testing of ALP. A uniform colour was obtained in 25 min with the introduction of ALP onto the reagent drop cast paper device. The images obtained by scanning the PAD were processed using ImageJ software. The colour intensity obtained by image processing was proportional to the concentration of ALP present in the sample. ALP in serum and saliva samples were tested using the PAD in the range of 0 to 528 U/L and0 to 187 U/L, respectively. The interference studies revealed that the PAD was selective to ALP in the presence of other biomolecules. The PAD exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.3 U/L and a sensitivity of 48.36 a.u/Log(U/L) for serum ALP and LOD of 1.69 U/L and a sensitivity of 28.5 a.u/Log (U/L) for salivary ALP. The PAD showed good agreement with the clinical methods for real samples.

关键词： Alkaline phosphatase Colourimetry ImageJ Paper analytical device Point of care testing

Manipulating the Macroscopic and Microscopic Morphology of Large-Area Gravure-Printed ZnO Films for High-Performance Flexible Organic Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 229-239页

作者： Zhenguo Wang Jingbo Guo Yaqin Pan Jin Fang Chao Gong Lixin Mo Qun Luo Jian Lin Changqi Ma School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China i-lab&Printable Electronics research Center Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Suzhou 215123China Beijing Engineering research Center of Printed Electronics Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationBeijing 102600China Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Nanchang 330200China

Gravure printing is a promising large-scale fabrication method for flexible organic solar cells(FOSCs)because it is compatible with two-dimension patternable roll-to-roll ***,the unsuitable rheological property of ZnO nanoinks resulted in unevenness and looseness of the gravure-printed ZnO interfacial *** we propose a strategy to manipulate the macroscopic and microscopic of the gravure-printed ZnO films through using mixed solvent and poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP)*** regulation of drying speed effectively manipulates the droplets fusion and leveling process and eliminates the printing ribbing structure in the macroscopic *** additive of PVP effectively regulates the rheological property and improves the microscopic compactness of the *** this method,large-area ZnO∶PVP films(28×9 cm^(2))with excellent uniformity,compactness,conductivity,and bending durability were *** power conversion efficiencies of FOSCs with gravure-printed AgNWs and ZnO∶PVP films reached 14.34%and 17.07%for the 1 cm^(2)PM6:Y6 and PM6∶L8-BO flexible *** efficiency of 17.07%is the highest value to date for the 1 cm^(2)*** use of mixed solvent and PVP addition also significantly enlarged the printing window of ZnO ink,ensuring high-quality printed thin films with thicknesses varying from 30 to 100 nm.

关键词： flexible organic solar cell gravure printing large-area flexible interfacial layer rheology properties zinc oxide

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Higher-order properties and extensions for indirect MRAC and APPC of linear systems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 218-238页

作者： Yanjun ZHANG Zhipeng ZHANG Jian SUN Lei WANG Kangkang ZHANG National Key lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London KIOS research and Innovation Center of Excellence University of Cyprus

Recently, a reference derived some new higher-order output tracking properties for direct model reference adaptive control(MRAC) of linear time-invariant(LTI) systems: limt→∞ e~((i))(t) = 0, i = 1,..., n~*-1, where n~* and e~((i))(t) denote the relative degree of the system and the i-th derivative of the output tracking error, respectively. However, a naturally arising question involves whether indirect adaptive control(including indirect MRAC and indirect adaptive pole placement control) of LTI systems still has higher-order tracking properties. Such properties have not been reported in the literature. Therefore, this paper provides an affirmative answer to this question. Such higher-order tracking properties are new discoveries since they hold without any additional design conditions and, in particular, without the persistent excitation condition. Given the higher-order properties, a new adaptive control system is developed with stronger tracking features.(1) It can track a reference signal with any order derivatives being unknown.(2) It has higher-order exponential or practical output tracking properties.(3) Finally, it is different from the usual MRAC system, whose reference signal’s derivatives up to the n~* order are assumed to be known. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the theoretical results obtained in this paper.

关键词： higher-order tracking indirect adaptive control model reference adaptive control adaptive pole placement control