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Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging in the Diagnosis of High-Grade Glioma Progression and Treatment-Related Changes: A Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2018年第3期8卷 282-305页

作者： John Dongas Adon Toru Asahina Stephen Bacchi Sandy Patel University of adelaide Adelaide Australia Queen Elizabeth hospital Woodville Australia Department of Medical Imaging Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide Australia

In patients with high grade gliomas (HGGs), progression after treatment can be difficult to diagnose due to treatment-related effects, which overlap in appearance with tumour progression on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Specialised imaging methods have been studied for this purpose, though most institutions currently use histopathology or clinicoradiological follow-up for diagnosis. This publication aims to review the evidence for perfusion MRI techniques. The databases of Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus were searched using combinations of the subject headings high grade glioma and MRI perfusion. 41 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) MRI was the most extensively studied, with several studies achieving high sensitivities and specificities. Other techniques exhibiting potential include Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI, Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL). However, these techniques are not widely used or available for clinical practice. Composite measures combining results from multiple techniques tended to achieve higher accuracies. Some publications compared processing software used or looked at machine learning with relative success. An issue common to the literature is the lack of standardisation in the reference standard and acquisition/processing methods. Furthermore, many had small sample sizes, and further consideration needs to be given with regards to timing of imaging, and treatment regimens received in such studies.

关键词： Magnetic Resonance Imaging Perfusion High Grade Glioma Progression Pseudo Progression

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Associations between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and academic achievement in Australian primary school-aged children

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 521-529页

作者： Amanda Watson Dorothea Dumuid Carol Maher Tim Olds Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity(ARENA)Allied Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA5001Australia

Background:Few studies have investigated associations between academic achievement and meeting recommendations from the 24-hour(24-h)movement *** specific guidelines associated with the most benefit academic achievement are *** both self-report and objective movement data,this study examined associations between academic achievement and meeting individual recommendations and combinations of recommendations from the 24-h movement guidelines(sleep,physical activity,and screen time).Methods:Data from CheckPoint,a cross-sectional study nested between Waves 6 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children,were *** behaviors were measured using 24-h wrist-worn accelerometry(GENEActiv(Activinsights,Kimbolton,UK))and were selfreported by children using the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and *** achievement was measured using a nationally administered standardized test in literacy and *** of covariance,with t tests with sequential Bonferroni adjustments,was used to compare academic achievement with all possible combinations of meeting recommendations,adjusting for demographic *** models were considered:guideline compliance assessed by self-report(n=1270,mean age=11.99 years,52%males)and by accelerometry(for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)and sleep))and self-report(screen time)in combination(n=927,mean age=11.97 years,52%males).Results:Literacy achievement significantly differed based on self-report(F_((7,1258))=3.08,p=0.003)and accelerometer derived(F_((7,915))=2.40,p=0.02)guideline *** achievement significantly differed based on self-report(F_((7,1258))=2.92,p=0.005)but not accelerometer derived guideline compliance(F_((7,915))=0.80,p=0.58).When assessed by self-report,children who met all guidelines(t_((334))=-4.05,p=0.0001)or met the screen time and sleep guidelines in combination(t_((125))=-5.02,p<0.001)had superior literacy ***

关键词： Academic achievement Physical activity Sedentary behavior Sleep

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Brain Tumours and Prophylactic Antiepileptic Drug Prescribing Patterns by Neurosurgeons Practising in Australasia

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2015年第1期6卷 13-19页

作者： Chrisovalantis A. Tsimiklis Marguerite A. Harding Royal adelaide hospital North Terrace Adelaide Australia

Prescribing patterns amongst practising Australasian neurosurgeons regarding the use of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with newly diagnosed intrinsic brain tumours are not well established. This study aimed to determine the rate of prophylactic AED prescribing in this clinical context and to determine if there were some particular factors that influenced prescribers in their decision. A survey was conducted, and of the 91 respondents, 23 (25.3%) prescribed prophylactic AEDs. No neurosurgeons practising in New Zealand prescribed, whereas within Australian states/territories, prescribing was most common in Western Australia (3/4, 75.0%) and Queensland (8/18, 44.4%) and less common in the Australian Capital Territory (0/2, 0.0%) and South Australia (1/7, 14.3%). The most commonly prescribed first-line AED was phenytoin (n = 15, 68.2%) followed by levetiracetam (n = 5, 22.7%). The duration of prescription varied from 1 week to 6 months, with 6 weeks chosen by most prescribers (n = 7, 35%). Important factors that influence the decision to prescribe include tumour location and a history of previous seizure/s, whereas the presence of oedema or haemorrhage and patients’ age do not seem to be major influences amongst prescribers.

关键词： Brain Tumours Antiepileptic Drugs Seizure Prophylaxis Medication Prescribing

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Prognostic model of survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients initiated on afatinib: pooled analysis of clinical trial data

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第2期16卷 341-349页

作者： Ashley M. Hopkins Adel Shahnam Sasha Zhang Chris S. Karapetis Andrew Rowland Michael J. Sorich Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer Department of Clinical Pharmacology College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University Adelaide 5042 Australia The Canberra hospital Garran 2605 Australia

Objective: Several predictors of survival have been identified in EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients treated with first generation EGFR inhibitors. Prognostic models of survival outcomes with afatinib have not been ***: A prognostic tool for overall survival(OS)/progression free survival(PFS) based on pre-treatment clinicopathological factors was developed for EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line afatinib using penalised regression of individual-participant data from LUX-Lung 3 and 6(n = 468). Favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups were identified and externally validated using LUX-Lung 1(n = 390) and LUX-Lung 2(n = 129) trials that initiated afatinib following previous chemotherapy or EGFR inhibitor ***: Discriminative performance was good in the development and validation cohorts. For patients treated with first-line afatinib, the median OS for the favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups were > 47.7, 29.3 and 16.4 months, respectively, and the median PFS were 17.3, 13.2 and 8.3 months, respectively. The improvement in median OS with afatinib use compared to chemotherapy was > 12.4 months for the favourable risk group, whereas no OS benefit was apparent for the poor risk group. The improvement in median PFS with afatinib use compared to chemotherapy was 10.2 months for the favourable risk group and 3.2 months for the poor risk ***: A prognostic tool was developed and validated to identify favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups for OS/PFS in EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC patients treated with afatinib. The prognostic groups can inform the likely absolute OS/PFS benefit expected from afatinib compared to chemotherapy in first-line treatment.

关键词： Afatinib non-small cell lung cancer prognostic model

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Clinical Implementation of a 3D Dosimeter for Accurate IMRT and VMAT Patient Specific QA

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2013年第1期3卷 99-111页

作者： Thuc Pham Jianjie Luo Department of Medical Physics Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide Australia

The Delta4 3D dose verification device was commissioned in the current work for pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans. The cross calibration and relative array calibration were performed to enable absolute dose comparison. The linearity of response with dose and temperature sensitivity tests were also conducted to investigate dosimetric properties of the Delta4 device. The need to modify the original CT image of the Delta4 phantom for accurate dose calculation and comparison is addressed in this work, applying a CT extension algorithm. A number of test plans varying from simple 4—field conformal to IMRT and VMAT plans were measured to evaluate the accuracy of this device. It was found that the Delta4 device measured dose accurately to within ±1%. In order to maintain this level of accuracy the machine output fluctuations need to be corrected prior to each measurement and the relative array calibration needs to be performed every six months.

关键词： Delta4 IMRT VMAT Cross Calibration Relative Array Calibration Quality Assurance Dose Linearity

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Secondary Reconstruction of Recurrent Primary Intraosseous Meningioma of the Calvarium Using a Fasciocutaneous Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2013年第4期4卷 280-283页

作者： Raakhi Mistry Chris Tsimiklis Marcus Wagstaff Amal Abou-Hamden Yugesh Caplash Department of Neurosurgery Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia

We present a patient with a primary intraosseous meningioma of the calvarium that recurred three years after initial resection and reconstruction with a free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. The patient re-presented with progressive swelling in the same area. Imaging confirmed aggressive tumour recurrence with both intra- and extra-cranial diseases and also extension to the ipsilateral orbit. The original anterolateral free flap was raised on anterior pedicle and further debulking of the tumour was performed. Histology confirmed widely infiltrative atypical meningioma (WHO grade II). This case highlights the benefit of using a fasciocutaneous free flap for reconstruction given the potential for tumour recurrence.

关键词： Primary Intraosseous Meningioma Fasciocutaneous Free Flap

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Chemical and biological diversity of new natural products from marine sponges:a review(2009–2018)

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2022年第3期4卷 356-372页

作者： Li‑Li Hong Ya‑Fang Ding Wei Zhang Hou‑Wen Lin Research Center for Marine Drugs State Key Laboratoryof Oncogenes and Related GenesDepartment of PharmacyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127China School of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316000China Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development FlindersUniversityAdelaideSA 5042Australia

Marine sponges are productive sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with over 200 new compounds isolated each year,contributing 23%of approved marine drugs so *** review describes statistical research,structural diversity,and pharmacological activity of sponge derived new natural products from 2009 to *** 2762 new metabolites have been reported from 180 genera of sponges this decade,of which the main structural types are alkaloids and terpenoids,accounting for 50%of the *** than half of new molecules showed biological activities including cytotoxic,antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,enzyme inhibition,and antimalarial *** summarized in this review,macrolides and peptides had higher proportions of new bioactive compounds in new compounds than other chemical *** chemical class displayed cytotoxicity as the dominant *** were the major contributors to antibacterial,antifungal,and antioxidant activities while steroids were primarily responsible for pest resistance ***,terpenoids,and steroids displayed the most diverse biological *** statistic research of new compounds by published year,chemical class,sponge taxonomy,and biological activity are *** novelty and significant bioactivities of some representative compounds are *** sponges are rich sources of novel bioactive compounds and serve as animal hosts for microorganisms,highlighting the undisputed potential of sponges in the marine drugs research and development.

关键词： Marine sponges New compounds Bioactivity Marine natural products

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Distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 582-587页

作者： Robert J Fraser Marc Ritz Addolorata C Di Matteo Rosalie Vozzo Monika Kwiatek Robert Foreman Brendan Stanley Jack Walsh Jim Burnett Paul Jury John Dent Department of Medicine University of AdelaideSouth Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide South Australia Vascular Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital AdelaideSouth Australia Gastrointestinal Investigation Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park South Australia Vascular Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park SouthAustralia

瞄准：在跟随选任的腹的主动脉瘤(AAA ) 修理外科的病人调查远侧的小肠活动性和类脂化合物吸收。方法：九个病人(年老的 35-78 年；身体团索引(BMI ) 范围：23-36 kg/m (2 )) 为 AAA 修理，和七个健康控制题目外科以后(20-50 年；BMI ... 详细信息

瞄准：在跟随选任的腹的主动脉瘤(AAA ) 修理外科的病人调查远侧的小肠活动性和类脂化合物吸收。方法：九个病人(年老的 35-78 年；身体团索引(BMI ) 范围：23-36 kg/m (2 )) 为 AAA 修理，和七个健康控制题目外科以后(20-50 年；BMI 变化：21-29 kg/m (2 )) 被学习。连续的远侧的小肠测压法为多达 72 h 被执行，在 fasting 并且肠内的的喂(Nutrison ) 的时期期间。记录为频率，起源，一些移植，和小肠的爆炸活动的方向被分析。类脂化合物吸收在病人的一个子集在第一天和第三个天柱子手术被估计用(13 ) C-triolein-breath 测试，并且与健康控制相比。题目收到了 50 mL 液体的 20-min 十二指肠内注入喂与 200 混合了 microL (13 ) C-triolein。结束吐气的呼吸样品为 6 h 被收集并且分析了为(13 ) 公司(2 ) 集中。结果：在近似、远侧的小肠的爆炸活动的频率比在健康题目在病人是更高的，在 fasting 和美联储条件(P<0.005 ) 下面。在病人，有反常地宣传的爆炸的一个更高的比例(71% 反常) ，它开始由 d 使正常化 3 (25% 反常) 外科以后。类脂化合物吸收数据为 d 上的七个病人是可得到的 d 上的 1 和四个病人 3 帖子外科。在病人， d 上的吸收 1 外科以后是健康控制的使遭到的一半(AUC (13 ) 公司(2 ) 1323+/-244 对 2646+/-365；P<0.05，分别地) ，并且被归结为五分之一个由 d 的健康控制的 3 (AUC (13 ) 公司(2 ) 470+/-832 对 2646+/-365；P<0.05，分别地) 。结论：近似、远侧的小肠的马达活动短暂地在主要外科以后立即在非常有病的病人被破坏，与远及回肠延长的反常活动性模式。这些马达骚乱可以贡献肠内的营养的损害吸收，特别当管腔内处理为有效消化是必要的时。

关键词：小肠疾病腹部疾病动脉瘤手术治疗

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Upper gastrointestinal function and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5611-5621页

作者： Reawika Chaikomin Christopher K Rayner Karen L Jones Michael Horowitz University of adelaide Department of Medi-cine Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia

Recent evidence has highlighted the impact of glycemic control on the incidence and progression of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications, and on cardiovascular risk in the non-diabetic population. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations make a major contribution to overall glycemic control, and are determined in part by upper gastrointestinal function. Conversely, poor glycemic control has an acute, reversible effect on gastrointestinal motility. Insights into the mechanisms by which the gut contributes to glycemia have given rise to a number of novel dietary and pharmacological strategies designed to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations.

关键词：胃肠道功能糖尿病治疗病理

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Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第29期13卷 3909-3917页

作者： Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen Intensive Care Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide and Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Adelaide South Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Adelaide South Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia

Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted.

关键词：急诊肠道营养胃排空胃动力胃肠道激素胃复安红霉素

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