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3D U-Net Segmentation Improves Root System Reconstruction from 3D MRI Images in Automated and Manual Virtual Reality Work Flows

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 598-611页

作者： Tobias Selzner Jannis Horn Magdalena Landl Andreas Pohlmeier Dirk Helmrich Katrin Huber Jan Vanderborght Harry Vereecken Sven Behnke Andrea Schnepf Forschungszentrum Juelich gmbh Agrosphere(IBG-3)JuelichGermany Autonomous Intelligence Systems Group University of BonnBonnGermany Forschungszentrum Juelich gmbh Juelich Supercomputing CenterJuelichGermany

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is used to image root systems grown in opaque ***,reconstruction of root system architecture(RSA)from 3-dimensional(3D)MRI images is *** resolution and poor contrast-to-noise ratios(CNRs)hinder automated ***,manual reconstruction is still widely ***,we evaluate a novel 2-step work flow for automated RSA *** the first step,a 3D U-Net segments MRI images into root and soil in *** the second step,an automated tracing algorithm reconstructs the root systems from the segmented *** evaluated the merits of both steps for an MRI dataset of 8 lupine root systems,by comparing the automated reconstructions to manual reconstructions of unaltered and segmented MRI images derived with a novel virtual reality *** found that the U-Net segmentation offers profound benefits in manual reconstruction:reconstruction speed was doubled(+97%)for images with low CNR and increased by 27%for images with high *** root lengths were increased by 20%and 3%,***,we propose to use U-Net segmentation as a principal image preprocessing step in manual work *** root length derived by the tracing algorithm was lower than in both manual reconstruction methods,but segmentation allowed automated processing of otherwise not readily usable MRI ***,model-based functional root traits revealed similar hydraulic behavior of automated and manual *** studies will aim to establish a hybrid work flow that utilizes automated reconstructions as scaffolds that can be manually corrected.

关键词： Root utilize otherwise

In silico studies of magnesium-based implants: A review of the current stage and challenges

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 2968-2996页

作者： Tamadur Albaraghtheh Regine Willumeit-Römer Berit Zeller-Plumhoff Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon gmbh Institute of Metallic BiomaterialsMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany

In silico methods to study biodegradable implants have recently received increasing attention due to their potential in reducing experimental time and cost. An important application case for in silico methods are magnesium(Mg)-based biodegradable implants, as they represent a powerful alternative to traditional materials used for temporary orthopaedic applications. Controlling Mg alloy degradation is critical to designing an implant that supports the bone healing process. To simulate different aspects of this biodegradation process, several mathematical models have been proposed with the ultimate aim of replacing laboratory experiments with computational modeling. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and critical discussion of the published models and their performance with respect to capturing the complexity of the biodegradation process. This complexity is presented initially. Additionally, the present review discusses the different approaches of optimizing and quantifying the different sources of errors and uncertainties within the proposed models.

关键词： Biodegradable implants Degradation In silico Phenomenological approach Physical approach Validation Verification Uncertainty quantification Mg

Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 346-368页

作者： Armand Ndedy Bile Alain Mpouam Benoit Fouadjio Lorette Guedeu Kambale Muhesi Steve Tassiamba Paulette Kouam Eric Wete Marius Ela Michèle Yimga Joseph Ambara Louis aimé Fono Jean Lagarde Betti Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Wood and Forest Sciences ISABEE University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of Water and Forests Higher Institute of Agronomic Veterinary and Forestry Studies of Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biology and Plant Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Deutsche Gresellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit gmbh (GIZ) Bertoua Cameroon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

关键词： Prunus africana Prostate Quota Mass Model Sustainable Management

Cyclist Warning Systems: Design and Evaluation

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第3期12卷 388-406页

作者： Sandra Trösterer Matthias Maurer Paolo Pretto Gernot Pucher Manfred Rosenberger Virtual Vehicle Research gmbh Graz Austria Trafficon—Traffic Consultants gmbh Wien Austria

Cyclists belong to the group of vulnerable road users and, thus, need particular protection in road traffic. One way to enhance cyclists’ safety is to use urban data (e.g., infrastructure data, accident statistics) to inform cyclists about potentially dangerous areas, allowing them to better adjust to the situation and elevate their self-protection. However, the question is how to inform cyclists about such dangerous areas. In this paper, we present the results of two field studies, investigating two wearables (headphones vs. smart glasses) and different signal options to inform cyclists about dangerous areas. Study participants were cycling along a predefined track and could experience the different wearables and signals. The main aim of the studies was to find out how cyclists perceive and experience the different approaches. Participants’ impressions were captured with questionnaires and interviews. Our results show a clear preference of the headphones over the smart glasses and signaling with intermittent audio while being in the dangerous area. However, we also found that participants’ acceptance of the approach was influenced by the additional perceived benefit the respective wearable would have in daily life. Using a wearable solely to be warned, although this would increase safety, was less acceptable. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of cyclist warning systems.

关键词： Cycling Safety Wearables Design Evaluation Field Studies

Reply to:“Absorption of methionine sources in animals-is there more to know?”-Yes, there is more to know!

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 67-68页

作者： Andreas Lemme Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam Stefan Mack Evonik Operations GmbH

Recently,above mentioned paper compiling and discussing literature concerning the absorption of DL-methionine(DL-Met)and two forms of the hydroxy analogue of methionine(2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid[HMTBa],Ca-salt of HMTBa[HMTBa-Ca])was published in Animal Nutrition(https://***/10.1016/***.2022.09.004).We would like to comment on this article regarding the aim of the study as expressed in the introduction:“This critical review provides an understanding of diverging studies and provides insights into how further evaluation should be conducted when the bioefficacy of the two molecules is discussed”.

关键词： mentioned concerning sources

Potential Application of a Wine Extract in Skin Care: How to Benefit from the Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Elastase Inhibiting Properties

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2023年第2期13卷 136-155页

作者： Lisa-Marie Sittek Thomas Michael Schmidts Peggy Schlupp Novigo gmbh Grünberg Germany

Since plant polyphenols have many beneficial properties on health, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of a phenolic wine extract, a by-product of wine production, for skin care on HaCaT cells. In these studies, a significant reduction of reactive oxygen species formation in HaCaT cells and severe elastase inhibition was observed. In contrast, the wine extract caused a major increase in lipase activity. The extract showed no influence on cell proliferation, but an immunomodulatory effect on the release of the interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 was found. The phenolic wine extract demonstrated a strong activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, yeasts, and fungi. Overall, our results show that the investigated phenolic wine extract is a promising ingredient for anti-aging skin care, could contribute to the improvement of skin appearance and health, and may positively affect cellulite.

关键词： Phenolic Wine Extract Skin Care HaCaT Cells Elastase Lipase IL-6 IL-8 Cell Proliferation Reactive Oxygen Species Antimicrobial Antimycotic

Effects of a Food Supplement with a Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract on Gut Health and the Microbiome in Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第11期13卷 931-949页

作者： Katharina Knaub Christiane Schön Cynthia G. Suarez Ivo Pischel BioTeSys gmbh Esslingen Germany Finzelberg gmbh & Co. KG Andernach Germany Dr. Ivo Pischel Consulting Rossbach Germany

Background: Based on the scientific and traditional knowledge, benefits for gut and digestive health were expected from Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) extract (WThE) consumption, but no controlled human studies were performed yet to prove the proposed health benefits. Method: The aim of this human randomized, double-blind parallel arm pilot study was to explore the impact of aqueous Wild Thyme extract, a food supplement, in a healthy but overweight study collective (N = 40). In detail, the impact on digestion, gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiome, and quality of life by employing an essential oil-free WThE preparation or a matching placebo was investigated. Results: The study results indicate that WThE has the potential to improve gastrointestinal symptoms and increase stool frequency, thus an improved quality of life was observed. The stool microbiome of study collective was characterized by a high Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. A decrease in the mean Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was seen in WThE group. Conclusion: The data support the potential applications of WThE as a food supplement with benefits on gut health.

关键词： Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Gut Health Gut Microbiome Abdominal Comfort Bowel Movement Mental Well-Being Quality of Life

Fundamentals of Design and Technology of Rolling Element Bearings

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2010年第1期23卷 123-136页

作者： Franz-Josef Ebert FAG Aerospace gmbh & Co.KG D-97421 SchweinfurtGermany

This article presents an overview of fundamentals of rolling element bearing designs and technologies. The aim is to outline the complex interrelation of all fundamentals with the rolling contact fatigue and the attainable bearing life. Such fundamentals include, amongst others, bearing stressing and life capability. The article shows the different types of rolling bearing stressing and the analysis of the stress distribution （principal stresses and equivalent stresses） in the material under the rolling contact area. It becomes obvious that the contamination of the bearing with foreign particles leads to a drastic reduction in bearing life. Furthermore, it demonstrates the impact of the bearing lubrication and coating as well as the effect of additives on the attainable life and wear. Further fundamentals of rolling element bearing de- sign are the materials, the material cleanliness and the heat treatment. The article reveals the importance of the clean- liness of bearing steels as well as different types of inclusions and their effect on rolling contact fatigue. Additionally the article describes how to optimize the material properties （strength, toughness and residual stress） by the heat treat- nlent processes. The outcome of these investigations is that endurance life of a rolling element bearing can be achieved if specific operating conditions, an adequate lubrication, good system cleanliness and specific bearing stressing are met. The article provides a guideline for bearing engineers on how designs and technologies can be applied to optimizing a bearing for a particular industry or aerospace application.

关键词： aerospace rolling contact fatigue endurance life materials heat treatment lubrication reliability

Comparison of near-infrared spectroscopy and DEM simulations for tracing spatial dispersion of water during mixing

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Particuology 2018年第3期16卷 94-102页

作者： Roland Hohl Nicolas Heigl Daniel Koller Charles A. Radeke Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering gmbh lnffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria

The aim of this work was to validate a wet mixing process, in which a liquid spray is used to impregnate particles during mixing. The experimental results obtained using a bladed-mixer with a near-infrared sensor were compared with the results obtained using a 1 ： 1 discrete element method simulation. The porous particles used in both cases absorbed the sprayed liquid for a process time of about 18 min. Mul- tiple sensors attached to the mixer wall continuously monitored the liquid contents of passing particles. The sensors were modeled in the simulation and the resulting signals were analyzed and compared with the experimental results. We show that the algorithms used for spray and liquid absorption can be used to predict the moisture distribution inside granular materials in chemical and pharmaceutical processes. Such simulations can help to save money, e.g., in resource-intensive experimental plans and equipment design studies, and by varying material parameters.

关键词： Mixing DEM Spray Near-infrared Particles