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Liver Fat Scores for Noninvasive Diagnosis and Monitoring of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in epidemiological and Clinical Studies

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1212-1227页

作者： Mona Reinshagen Stefan Kabisch Andreas F.H.Pfeiffer Joachim Spranger Department of endocrinology and Metabolism Campus Benjamin FranklinCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinGermany Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.v. Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and independently contributes to long-term *** often asymptomatic but reversible,it would require population-wide screening,but direct diagnostics are either too invasive(liver biopsy),costly(MRI)or depending on the examiner’s expertise(ultrasonography).Hepatosteatosis is usually accommodated by features of the metabolic syndrome(***,disturbances in triglyceride and glucose metabolism),and signs of hepatocellular damage,all of which are reflected by biomarkers,which poorly predict NAFLD as single item,but provide a cheap diagnostic alternative when integrated into composite liver fat *** liver index,NAFLD LFS,and hepatic steatosis index are common and accurate indices for NAFLD prediction,but show limited accuracy for liver fat *** indices are rarely *** fibrosis scores are commonly used in clinical practice,but their mandatory reflection of fibrotic reorganization,hepatic injury or systemic sequelae reduces sensitivity for the diagnosis of simple ***-induced liver fat changes are poorly reflected by liver fat indices,depending on the inte.v.ntion and its specific impact of weight loss on *** limited validity in longitudinal settings stimulates research for new ***,hepatokines,markers of cellular integrity,genetic variants but also simple and inexpensive routine parameters might be potential ***,liver fat indices lack precision for NAFLD prediction or monitoring in individual patients,but in large cohorts they may substitute nonexistent imaging data and se.v. as a compound biomarker of metabolic syndrome and its cardiometabolic sequelae.

关键词： NAFLD Liver fat indices Fatty liver index Prediction Dietary inte.v.ntion

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Short-Term and Long-Term effects of Natural and Artificial Carbonaceous Substrates on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第7期10卷 1773-1786页

作者： Jürgen Kern Judy Libra Christian Ammon York Neubauer Wenceslau Teixeira Leibniz Institute for Agricultural engineering and Bioeconomy e.v.(ATB) Potsdam14469Germany TCKON engineering Se.v.ces Dr.-Ing.York Neubauer Berlin13088Germany embrapa Soils Rio de Janeiro24600-000Brazil

The emissions of two greenhouse gases(GHG),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and nitrous oxide(N2O),from six substrates with different carbonaceous content were compared in short and long-term incubation *** natural soils and three artificial chars were mixed with carbon(C)poor soil(Cambisol)to simulate real conditions after application of char to *** natural soils were a Cambisol,an Anthrosol and a Histosol with C contents of 1.3%,4.4%and 13.2%,*** three chars produced through thermal conversion of wood chips by hydrothermal carbonisation(HTC),fluidized bed gasification and pyrolysis had C contents of 56.9%,75.4%and 79.9%,*** rates of CO_(2)and N2O from the rewetted substrates were measured by gas chromatography over a short time of 72 h and over a long period of nearly two *** short-term CO_(2)emissions from the natural soils showed a clear relationship to their C *** emission rate for the Histosol/Cambisol mixture was three times higher than that for the pure Cambisol,77.1 vs.23.5 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)organic matter(OM)per *** C emission rates for the char/Cambisol mixtures were much lower,ranging between 3.0 and 9.1 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1),and did not correspond to their total C *** between the two incubation lengths showed that the long-term CO_(2)emission rates were generally one order of magnitude lower than the short-term *** final emission rates for natural substrates over a period of two years were still twice those for artificial char substrates,between 2.2–3.5 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1)and 1.3–1.8 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1),*** the contents of total nitrogen(Ntot)and extractable nitrogen(Nmin)were considerable in the chars under study,enhanced N2O release was not obse.v.d in the incubation ***,N2O emission rates in the three mixtures of chars and Cambisol were lower by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the pure Cambisol in

关键词： Biochar HTC char incubation experiment GHG carbon stability

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Copper-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Selective Borocarbonylation of α-Substituted Styrenes Toward β-Boryl Aldehydes and Cyclopropyl Boronate esters

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第8期5卷 1866-1875页

作者： Yang Yuan Youcan Zhang Jian-Xing Xu Xiao-Feng Wu Dalian National Laboratory for Clean energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023 Liaoning Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.v. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29aRostock 18059

We report a copper-catalyzed ligand-controlled selective carbonylative borofunctionalization ofα-substituted *** reaction provides a general and versatile procedure to synthesize a variety of synthetically usefulβ-boryl quaternary aldehydes and cyclopropyl boronate esters bearing a quaternary carbon *** NHC(IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene)as the ligand,the carbene intermediate reacts with O-H bond of alcohol while the carbene intermediate would undergo C-H bond insertion when using phosphine ligand[1,2-bis(diphenylphospino)ethane]as the *** of a carbene intermediate has been proposed as the key step for this transformation.

关键词： borocarbonylation copper catalysis carbene insertion ligand-controlled α-substituted styrenes

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Simulation of Automatically Annotated visible and Multi-/Hyperspectral Images Using the Helios 3D Plant and Radiative Transfer Modeling Framework

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第3期6卷 579-594页

作者： Tong Lei Jan Graefe Ismael K.Mayanja Mason earles Brian N.Bailey Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Leibniz Institute of vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.v.(IGZ) GroßbeerenGermany Department of Biological and Agricultural engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of viticulture and enology University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Deep learning and multimodal remote and proximal sensing are widely used for analyzing plant and crop traits,but many of these deep learning models are supe.v.sed and necessitate reference datasets with image *** these datasets often demands experiments that are both labor-intensive and ***,extracting traits from remote sensing data beyond simple geometric features remains a *** address these challenges,we proposed a radiative transfer modeling framework based on the Helios 3-dimensional(3D)plant modeling software designed for plant remote and proximal sensing image *** framework has the capability to simulate RGB,multi-/hyperspectral,thermal,and depth cameras,and produce associated plant images with fully resolved reference labels such as plant physical traits,leaf chemical concentrations,and leaf physiological *** offers a simulated e.v.ronment that enables generation of 3D geometric models of plants and soil with random variation,and specification or simulation of their properties and *** approach differs from traditional computer graphics rendering by explicitly modeling radiation transfer physics,which provides a critical link to underlying plant biophysical *** indicate that the framework is capable of generating high-quality,labeled synthetic plant images under given lighting scenarios,which can lessen or remove the need for manually collected and annotated *** example applications are presented that demonstrate the feasibility of using the model to enable unsupe.v.sed learning by training deep learning models exclusively with simulated images and performing prediction tasks using real images.

关键词： framework simulation helios modeling plant annotated automatically hyperspectral images

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通过差热分析对YBCO高温超导织构体生长极限的研究

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低温物理学报 2002年第2期24卷 102-105页

作者：何振辉,赵艳娥,J.Riches,D.Litzkendorf,A.Surzhenko,W.Gawalek 中山大学物理系中山大学物理系 Institut für Physikalishe Hochtechnologie e.v. Institut für Physikalishe Hochtechnologie e.v. Institut für Physikalishe Hochtechnologie e.v. Institut für Physikalishe Hochtechnologie e.v. 广州510275 广州510275

通过差热分析研究成分变化对YBa2 Cu3O7-δ/Y2 BaCuO5(YBCO)高温超导织构体系列的熔化温度和固化反应温度的影响 ,结合排推效应所产生的成分不均匀性 ,分析了超导体初始组分为YBa2 Cu3O7-δ+xY2 O3的织构生长极限 .发现含约 6～ 7wt% (... 详细信息

通过差热分析研究成分变化对YBa2 Cu3O7-δ/Y2 BaCuO5(YBCO)高温超导织构体系列的熔化温度和固化反应温度的影响 ,结合排推效应所产生的成分不均匀性 ,分析了超导体初始组分为YBa2 Cu3O7-δ+xY2 O3的织构生长极限 .发现含约 6～ 7wt% (或 5 0mol% )CuO时 ,固化温度出现明显极小值

关键词：生长极限反应温度固化反应固化温度包晶反应包晶转变极小值熔化温度差热分析液相区织构生长工艺超导体分凝系数 YBCO

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First-principles study and electronic structures of Mn-doped ultrathin ZnO nanofilms

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第10期21卷 362-368页

作者： e.Salmani A.Benyoussef H.ez-Zahraouy e.H.Saidi O.Mounkachi LMPHe(URAC 12) Departement de PhysiqueFacult'e des SciencesUniversit'e Mohammed V-AgdalRabatMorocco LPHe Departement de PhysiqueFacult'e des SciencesUniversit'e Mohammed V-AgdalRabatMorocco Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology MAScIRRabatMorocco

The first-principles density functional calculation is used to investigate the electronic structures and magnetic properties of Mn-doped and N-co-doped ZnO *** band structure calculation shows that the band gaps of ZnO films with 2,4,and 6 layers are larger than the band gap of the bulk with wurtzite structure and decrease with the increase of film ***,the four-layer ZnO nanofilms exhibit ferromagnetic phases for Mn concentrations less than 24% and 12% for Mn-doping performed in the whole layers and two layers of the film respectively,while they exhibit spin glass phases for higher Mn *** is also found,on the one hand,that the spin glass phase turns into the ferromagnetic one,with the substitution of nitrogen atoms for oxygen atoms,for nitrogen concentrations higher than 16% and 5% for Mn-doping performed in the whole layers and two layers of the film *** the other hand,the spin-glass state is more stable for ZnO bulk containing 5% of Mn impurities,while the ferromagnetic phase is stable by introducing the p-type carriers into the bulk ***,it is shown that using the effective field theory for ferromagnetic system,the Curie temperature is close to the room temperature for the undamped Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida（RKKY） interaction.

关键词： ultra thin film ZnO ab initio electronic structure magnetic properties effective field theory

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tekom:europe's Largest Professional Association for Technical Communication

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China Standardization 2010年第2期55卷 4-11页

作者： Fritz Michael Gesellschaft fr technische Kommunikation e.v. tekom TC and more GmbH

1. About Technical Communication 1.1 What is technical communication？＂Technical communication＂ refers to any kind of information related to technical products, software, or se.v.ces. Therefore, technical communication stands not only for user manuals of technical consumer products, but it also includes the documentation of machines and entire plants, online help for any kind of software,

关键词：技术交流协会欧洲技术产品通信技术用户手册帮助文档软件

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Porous nitrogen-enriched hollow carbon nanofibers as freestanding electrode for enhanced lithium storage

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2021年第4期34卷 416-422页

作者： Xiaosa Xu Yuqian Qiu Jianping Wu Baichuan Ding Qianhui Liu Guangshen Jiang Qiongqiong Lu Jiangan Wang Fei Xu Hongqiang Wang State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene(NPU)Xi'an 710072China Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW)Dresden e.v. Helmholtzstr 2001069 DresdenGermany

Onedimensional porous carbons bearing high surface areas and sufficient heteroatom doped functionalities are essential for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices,especially for developing freestanding film *** we develop a porous,nitrogenenriched,freestanding hollow carbon nanofiber(PNFHCF)electrode material via filtration of polypyrrole(PPy)hollow nanofibers formed by in situ selfdegraded templateassisted strategy,followed by NH3assisted *** PNFHCF retains the freestanding film morphology that is composed of threedimensional networks from the entanglement of 1D nanofiber and delivers 3.7fold increase in specific surface area(592 m^(2)g^(-1))compared to the carbon without NH_(3)treatment(FHCF).In spite of the enhanced specific surface area,PNFHCF still exhibits comparable high content of surface N functionalities(8.8%,atom fraction)to *** developed hierarchical porous structure without sacrificing N doping functionalities together enables the achievement of high capacity,highrate property and good cycling stability when applied as selfsupporting anode in lithiumion batteries,superior to those of FHCF without NH3 treatment.

关键词： energy electrochemistry Nanomaterials Hollow carbon nanofibers Freestanding electrode Lithium-ion batteries

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Catalytic Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>Promotes “Silyl Method”-Type Polycondensation

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2012年第1期2卷 1-5页

作者： Claus vogel Jochen Meier-Haack Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.v. Dresden Germany

Catalytic amounts of cesium carbonate are sufficient to initiate the “silyl method”-type step-growth polymerization of phenylene-bis-TMS-ethers and -thioethers with activated aryl fluoride monomers, and can thus be used instead of ce-sium fluoride or potassium carbonate. Cesium fluoride is very hygroscopic and potassium carbonate is generally used in equimolar amounts. The efficiency of catalytic amounts of cesium carbonate is demonstrated by the synthesis of poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) and poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) examples.

关键词： Cesium Carbonate Polycondensation Step-Growth Polymerization

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Deep learning-based detection of indicator species for monitoring biodiversity in semi-natural grasslands

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e.v.ronmental Science and ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 238-247页

作者： Deepak H.Basavegowda Inga Schleip Paul Mosebach Cornelia Weltzien Technische Universitat Berlin Straße des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Biookonomie e.v.(ATB) Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469PotsdamGermany Hochschule für nachhaltige entwicklung eberswalde Schicklerstraße 516225EberswaldeGermany

Deep learning(DL)has huge potential to provide.v.luable insights into biodiversity changes in speciesrich agricultural ecosystems such as semi-natural grasslands,helping to prioritize and plan conse.v.tion ***,DL has been underexplored in grassland conse.v.tion efforts,hindered by data scarcity,intricate ecosystem interactions,and limited economic ***,we developed a DL-based object-detection model to identify indicator species,a group of vascular plant species that se.v. as surrogates for biodiversity assessment in high nature.v.lue(HNv)*** selected indicator species Armeria maritima,Campanula patula,Cirsium oleraceum,and Daucus *** overcome the hurdle of limited data,we grew indicator plants under controlled greenhouse conditions,generating a sufficient dataset for DL model *** model was initially trained on this greenhouse ***,smaller datasets derived from an experimental grassland plot and natural grasslands were added to the training to facilitate the transition from greenhouse to field *** optimized model achieved remarkable average precision(AP)on test datasets,with 98.6 AP50 on greenhouse data,98.2 AP50 on experimental grassland data,and 96.5 AP50 on semi-natural grassland *** findings highlight the innovative application of greenhouse-grown specimens for the in-situ identification of plants,bolstering biodiversity monitoring in grassland ***,the study illuminates the promising role of DL techniques in conse.v.tion programs,particularly as a monitoring tool to support result-based agrie.v.ronment schemes.

关键词： Species-rich grasslands Biodiversity monitoring Object detection Cross-domain knowledge transfer

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