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Assimilation of GOES-r Geostationary Lightning Mapper flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKf, and Hybrid En3DVar for the Analysis and Short-Term forecast of a Supercell Storm Case

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： rong KONG Ming XUE Edward r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandre O.fIErrO Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOklahoma 73072U.S a.4zentralanstalt für meteorologie und geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite “r-series ”(GOES-r) Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM) flash extent density(fED) data within the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation ensemble Kalman filter(GSI-EnKf) framework were previously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further developed to assimilate GOES GLM fED data within the GSI ensemble-variational(EnVar) hybrid data assimilation(DA) framework. The results of assimilating the GLM fED data using 3DVar, and pure En3DVar(PEn3DVar, using 100% ensemble covariance and no static covariance) are compared with those of EnKf/DfEnKf for a supercell storm case. The focus of this study is to validate the correctness and evaluate the performance of the new implementation rather than comparing the performance of fED DA among different DA schemes. Only the results of 3DVar and pEn3DVar are examined and compared with EnKf/DfEnKf. Assimilation of a single fED observation shows that the magnitude and horizontal extent of the analysis increments from PEn3DVar are generally larger than from EnKf, which is mainly caused by using different localization strategies in EnfK/DfEnKf and PEn3DVar as well as the integration limits of the graupel mass in the observation operator. Overall, the forecast performance of PEn3DVar is comparable to EnKf/DfEnKf, suggesting correct implementation.

关键词： GOES-r lightning data assimilation EnKf EnVar

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Analysis of Detected Avalanches Using Meteorological Data of Nearby Monitoring Stations in Ischgl, Austria

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2014年第2期3卷 87-90页

作者： Lisa Jobstl Arnold Studeregger Amulf Wurzer Daniel Stock richard Koschuh zentralanstalt fiir meteorologie and geodynamik Graz Klusemannstrasse 21 Graz 8053 Austria Hofbauer & Stock Hochfrequenztechnik Parkring 2 Grambach 8074 Austria

A set of detected avalanches from January to April 2012 on a hillside southeast of lschgl, Austria is given. The avalanches are off-the-cut or caused by blast. The meteorological data of two monitoring stations nearby the hillside are taken for analysing the weather situation. The meteorological parameters air temperature, wind intensity and wind speed, relative humidity, precipitation and snow depth are investigated for similarities short before and during an avalanche. The avalanches are grouped into three categories and meteorological characteristics are found for each category. Thereby the avalanche hazard for the observed hillside is better assessed and an infrastructure safety by avalanche control due to concerted avalanche blasts is more effective. The result of the analysis shows three kinds of hazard weather conditions, which increase the avalanche hazard： warm air temperatures cause a settlement of the snow pack, but in the beginning of the process a weakening in the snow pack happens. rapidly decreasing of the air temperature cause cracks in the snow pack and the combination of fresh snow and strong wind speed leads to accumulation of snow on sheltered slopes.

关键词： Detected avalanches meteorological weather stations avalanche danger snow pack

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Integrated Assessment of Natural Hazards, Including Climate Change’s Influences, for Cultural Heritage Sites: The Case of the Historic Centre of rethymno in Greece

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2019年第3期10卷 343-361页

作者： Mohammad ravankhah rosmarie de Wit Athanasios V.Argyriou Angelos Chliaoutakis Maria Joao revez Joern Birkmann Maja Zuvela-Aloise Apostolos Sarris Anastasia Tzigounaki Kostas Giapitsoglou Institute of Spatial and regional Planning(IrEUS-Institut fur raumordnung und Entwicklungsplanung) University of Stuttgart70174 StuttgartGermany Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics(ZAMG-zentralanstalt fur meteorologie und geodynamik) 1190 ViennaAustria GeoSat reSeArch Lab IMS-ORTH(Geophysical-SatelliteRemote Sensing and Archaeoenvironment LabInstitute for Mediterranean Studies-Foundation for Research and TechnologyHellas)74100 RethymnoGreece Nova Conservacao S.A.1200-872LisbonPortugal The Archaeological research Unit Department of Historyand ArchaeologyUniversity of Cyprus1678 NicosiaCyprus Ephorate of Antiquities of rethymno 74100 RethymnoGreece

Within the framework of disaster risk management, this article proposes an interdisciplinary method for the analysis of multiple natural hazards, including climate change’s influences, in the context of cultural heritage. A taxonomy of natural hazards applicable to cultural heritage was developed based on the existing theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Sudden-onset hazards, such as earthquakes and floods, and slow-onset hazards, such as wetting–drying cycles and biological contamination, were incorporated into the hazard assessment procedure. future alteration of conditions due to climate change, such as change in heat waves’ duration, was also taken into account. The proposed hazard assessment framework was applied to the case of the Historic Centre of rethymno, a city on the northern coast of the island of Crete in Greece,to identify, analyze, and prioritize the hazards that have the potential to cause damage to the center’s historic structures. The assessment procedure includes climate model projections, GIS spatial modeling and mapping, and finally a hazard analysis matrix to enable the sharing of a better understanding of multiple hazards with the *** results can facilitate decision making by providing the vulnerability and risk analysis with the nature and spatial distribution of the significant hazards within the study area and its setting.

关键词： Climate change analysis Crete Cultural heritage protection Greece Hazard assessment Historic centre of rethymno risk assessment

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In situ raman imaging of high-temperature solid-state reactions in the CaSO4-SiO2 system

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2019年第2期6卷 247-259页

作者： Nadine Bohme Kerstin Hauke Manuela Neuroth Thorsten Geisler Institut fiir Geowissenschaften und meteorologie Universitat Bonn Poppelsdorfer Schloss Meckenheimer Allee 169 53115 Bonn Germany rWE Power AG F und E Kraftwerk NiederauBem Bergheim Germany

The deposition of mineral phases on the heat transfer surfaces of brown coal power plants may have a negative effect on power plant boilers. The paragenesis of these deposits contains information about the actual temperature prevailed during the combustion of lignite, if the temperature-dependences of distinct mineral transformations or reactions are known. Here, we report results of a sintering study (to ?1100℃) with samples containing anhydrite, quartz, and gehlenite, which are typical components of rhenish lignite ashes. Thermal decompositions and solid-state reactions were analyzed (1) in situ and (2) both in situ and after quenching using confocal hyperspectral raman imaging. This novel application of confocal raman spectroscopy provides temperature-and time-resolved, 2-dimensional information about sintering processes with a micrometer-scale resolution. In the course of the sintering experiments with anhydrite and quartz with a weight ratio of 2:1 both polymorphs wollastonite and pseudowollastonite were identified in situ at about 920 and 1000℃, respectively. The formation of pseudowollastonite was thus observed about 120℃ below the phase transition temperature, demonstrating that it can form metastably. In addition,α′L-Ca2SiO4 was identified at about 1100℃. In samples containing equal weight fractions of anhydrite and quartz that were quenched after firing for 9h at about 1100℃,β-Ca2SiO4 (larnite) crystallized as rims around anhydrite grains and in direct contact to wollastonite. We furthermore observed that, depending on the ratio between quartz and anhydrite, wollastonite replaced quartz grains between 920 and 1100℃., i.e., the higher the quartz content, the lower the formation temperature of wollastonite.

关键词： Ash deposition Calcium silicate Calcium sulfate High-temperature raman imaging

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feasibility study applied to mapping tidal effects in the Pannonian basin--An effort to check location dependencies atμGal level

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第3期9卷 237-245页

作者： G.Papp J.Benedek P.Varga M.Kis A.Koppan B.Meurers r.Leonhardt M.K.Baracza Geodetic and Geophysical Institute Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences.9400 SopronHungary Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary 1145 BudapestHungary University of Vienna Department of Meteorology and Geophysics1090 WienAustria zentralanstalt fur meteorologie and geodynamik 1190 ViennaAustria University of Miskolc Department of Geophysics3515 Miskolc-EgyetemvarosHungary

This paper summarizes the main instrumental and methodological points of the tidal research which was performed in the framework of the National Scientific research fund Project K101603. Since the project is still running the tidal analysis results published here are only preliminary. Unmodelled tidal effects have been highlighted in some recent absolute gravity measurements carried out in the Pannonian basin resulting in a periodic modulation exceeding the typical standard deviations （±1microGal） of the drop sets. Since the most dominant source of the daily gravity variation is the bulk tidal effect, the goal of the project is to check its location dependency at BGal level. Unfortunately Hungary has had no dedicated instrumentation, so an effort was made to make the available LaCoste- romberg spring G meters capable for continuous recording. As a reference instrument the GWr SG025 operated in the Conrad Observatory, Austria was also used and in the mean time of the project, a Scintrex CG-5 became also available, Eventually 6 instruments at 5 different locations were operated for 3 9 months mainly in co-located configuration. Although many experiments （moving mass calibrations） were done to determine the scale factors and scale functions of the instruments, the direct comparison of the tidal parameters obtained from the observations is still questionable. Therefore the ratio of the delta factors of O1 and M2 tidal constituents was investigated supposing that M2 is much more influenced by the ocean loading effect than O1. The slight detected increase of δ（O1 ）/δ（M2）（≈0.2%） toward east does not contradict to theory. This result has to be validated in the near future by analyzing available ocean loading models.

关键词： Gravity tide mapping Spring gravity meters Instrumental tests Co-located observations Location dependence of delta factors

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A Coupled Model Study on the Intensification of the Asian Summer Monsoon in IPCC SrES Scenarios

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第6期22卷 798-806页

作者： Min WEI Max-Planck-Institut fur meteorologie Bundesstrasse 53 D-20146 Hamburg Germany

The Asian summer monsoon is an important part of the climate system. Investigating the response of the Asian summer monsoon to changing concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols will be meaningful to understand and predict climate variability and climate change not only in Asia but also globally. In order to diagnose the impacts of future anthropogenic emissions on monsoon climates, a coupled general circulation model of the atmosphere and the ocean has been used at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology. In addition to carbon dioxide, the major well mixed greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, several chlorofluorocarbons, and CfC substitute gases are prescribed as a function of time. The sulfur cycle is simulated interactively, and both the direct aerosol effect and the indirect cloud albedo effect are considered. furthermore, changes in tropospheric ozone have been pre-calculated with a chemical transport model and prescribed as a function of time and space in the climate simulations. Concentrations of greenhouse gases and anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide are prescribed according to observations （1860-1990） and projected into the future （1990-2100） according to the Scenarios A2 and B2 in Special report on Emissions Scenarios （SrES, Nakcenovic et al., 2000） developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）. It is found that the Indian summer monsoon is enhanced in the scenarios in terms of both mean precipitation and interannual variability. An increase in precipitation is simulated for northern China but a decrease for the southern part. furthermore, the simulated future increase in monsoon variability seems to be linked to enhanced ENSO variability towards the end of the scenario integrations.

关键词： asian summer monsoon climate change IPCC SrES scenarios

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沉积物中趋磁细菌趋磁性优势的实验研究

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第四纪研究 2014年第3期34卷 474-490页

作者：刘秀铭 ramon Egli Nikolai Peterse 毛学刚 Nikolai Petersen 福建师范大学地理研究所、福建省湿润亚热带山地生态重点实验室一省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地福州350007 Department of Environment and Geography Macquarie UniversitySydney NSW 2109Australia zentralanstalt furmeteorologie und geodynamik Hohe Warte 38A-1190WienAustria Institut fur Geophysik Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitatTheresienstr.41D-80333 MunichGermany

趋磁细菌依靠其体内生物合成的磁小体颗粒沿地球磁场定向排列和游动,称为趋磁性。沿磁场的定向排列被认为可以使磁菌更有效地到达最佳生存环境,即趋磁性对磁菌的优势所在。目前对趋磁性优势的研究大多数集中在水环境或培养液环境下,而... 详细信息

趋磁细菌依靠其体内生物合成的磁小体颗粒沿地球磁场定向排列和游动,称为趋磁性。沿磁场的定向排列被认为可以使磁菌更有效地到达最佳生存环境,即趋磁性对磁菌的优势所在。目前对趋磁性优势的研究大多数集中在水环境或培养液环境下,而对于自然沉积物中趋磁性优势的理解还停留在假说阶段。越来越多的研究显示,磁菌在沉积物中的行为方式与水环境中所观测到的现象差别很大,因此,对趋磁性优势的研究也需要在沉积物环境中进行。本文我们通过对比在地磁场、近零磁场和反转磁场条件下两种磁菌:球菌和杆菌(Candidatus Magnetobacterium bavaricum)的时空变化,揭示在沉积物中趋磁性对趋磁细菌的作用。结果显示趋磁性对两种磁菌存在不同的作用,***在近零磁场条件下数量明显下降而在地磁场下又重新恢复,说明趋磁性优势对***的积极作用,然而球菌在近零磁磁场条件下的数量和分布与地磁场条件下相似,可能说明球菌在利用趋化性和行为方式上与***有很大不同。***在反转磁场条件下数量减少,而球菌则接近消失,说明球菌受极向趋磁性的影响比***大。两种磁菌因受沉积物环境和自身趋化性的影响在趋磁性上表现不同,可能***存在不同的趋磁性特点。本文实验结果说明对趋磁性的理解需要立足于复杂的沉积物环境。

关键词：趋磁细菌趋磁性优势沉积物环境 M bavaricum 球菌

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PArAMETErIZATION Of INfrArED rADIATIVE TrANSfEr IN CLEAr ATMOSPHErES

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1988年第17期33卷 1442-1445页

作者：赵高祥 B.rOCKEL rASCHKE Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing Institut fuer Geophysik and meteorologie der Universitaet zu Koeln

In long-term numerical weather prediction and climatic simulations by general circulation models the simplified radiative calculation schemes with enough accuracy are required. Here we present a radiation model, which... 详细信息

关键词： infrared radiation cooling rate parameterization

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白垩纪缅甸琥珀中小型花蚤一新种(鞘翅目:花蚤科)及对花蚤科的分类学修订

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古生物学报 2020年第1期59卷 112-118页

作者：包童 Institut für Geowissenschaften und meteorologie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat BonnNussalle 853115 BonnGermany 现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心南京210008

根据产自缅甸北部白垩纪中期克钦琥珀中的一块小型花蚤化石标本,建立1新种--小多刺花蚤(Multispinus parvus ***.),归于花蚤科(Mordellidae)。同时,对缅甸琥珀中已发现的花蚤和泛花蚤进行了重新观察和研究,重点分析了其形态学特征并认... 详细信息

根据产自缅甸北部白垩纪中期克钦琥珀中的一块小型花蚤化石标本,建立1新种--小多刺花蚤(Multispinus parvus ***.),归于花蚤科(Mordellidae)。同时,对缅甸琥珀中已发现的花蚤和泛花蚤进行了重新观察和研究,重点分析了其形态学特征并认真考虑了相关分类学依据,将短尾花蚤科(Apotomouridae)修订为花蚤科之下的短尾花蚤亚科(Mordellidae:Apotomourinae)。短尾花蚤中普遍存在的臀锥完全不发育,不可作为区分于花蚤科的衍征。白垩纪中期琥珀中发现的花蚤化石类群体型均小,这也许与白垩纪中期生态环境和栖息地被子植物花朵形态有关。

关键词：甲虫花蚤科缅甸琥珀白垩纪分类学古生态

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大气中红外辐射传输的参数化模式

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科学通报 1987年第19期32卷 1479-1482页

作者：赵高祥 B.rockel E.raschke 中国科学院大气物理研究所 Institut foer Geophysik und meteorologie der Universitaet zu Koeln

一、引言在利用大气环流模式进行长期数值天气预报和气候模拟的研究中,需要很好地考虑辐射在大气中传输的问题。目前,已经有很多精确的方法可以计算现实的模式大气中的辐射传输,但它们都需要大量的计算机时间,因而,应用这些方法到大气... 详细信息

一、引言在利用大气环流模式进行长期数值天气预报和气候模拟的研究中,需要很好地考虑辐射在大气中传输的问题。目前,已经有很多精确的方法可以计算现实的模式大气中的辐射传输,但它们都需要大量的计算机时间,因而,应用这些方法到大气环流模式中是不现实的。这就需要建立简化的辐射传输计算方案,它们要有足够的精度,但只需很少的机时。Stephens对这

关键词：辐射传输参数化模式向下发射率红外辐射通量

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