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Landscape features and weather influence nest survival of a ground-nesting bird of conservation concern,the greater sage-grouse,in humanaltered environments

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 83-97页

作者： Stephen L Webb Chad V Olson Matthew R Dzialak Seth M Harju Jeffrey B Winstead Dusty Lockman Hayden-wing Associates LLC2308 South 8th StreetLaramieWY82070USA KC Harvey Environmental LLC376 Gallatin Park DriveBozemanMT59715USA

Introduction:Ground-nesting birds experience high levels of nest ***,birds can make selection decisions related to nest site location and characteristics that may result in physical,visual,and olfactory impediments to ***:We studied daily survival rate[DSR]of greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)from 2008 to 2010 in an area in Wyoming experiencing large-scale alterations to the *** used generalized linear mixed models to model fixed and random effects,and a correlation within nesting attempts,individual birds,and ***:Predation of the nest was the most common source of nest failure(84.7%)followed by direct predation of the female(13.6%).Generally,landscape variables at the nest site(≤30 m)were more influential on DSR of nests than features at larger spatial *** of shrub canopy cover at the nest site(15-m scale)and distances to natural gas wells and mesic areas had a positive relationship with DSR of nests,whereas distance to roads had a negative relationship with DSR of *** added to the vegetation model,maximum wind speed on the day of nest failure and a 1-day lag in precipitation(i.e.,precipitation the day before failure)improved model fit whereby both variables negatively influenced DSR of ***:Nest site characteristics that reduce visibility(i.e.,shrub canopy cover)have the potential to reduce depredation,whereas anthropogenic(i.e.,distance to wells)and mesic landscape features appear to facilitate ***,predators may be more efficient at locating nests under certain weather conditions(i.e.,high winds and moisture).

关键词： behavior Centrocercus urophasianus conservation depredation generalized linear mixed models greater sage-grouse human development management nest survival weather

Add-on plasmonic patch as a universal fluorescence enhancer

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 795-807页

作者： Jingyi Luan Jeremiah J.Morrissey Zheyu Wang Hamed Gholami Derami Keng-Ku Liu Sisi Cao Qisheng Jiang Congzhou Wang Evan D.Kharasch Rajesh R.Naik Srikanth Singamaneni Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringWashington University in St.LouisSt LouisMO 63130USA Department of Anesthesiology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110USA Siteman Cancer Center Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110USA the Center for Clinical Pharmacology St.Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA 711th human performance wing Air Force Research LaboratoryWright-Patterson Air Force BaseDaytonOH 45433USA

Fluorescence-based techniques are the cornerstone of modern biomedical optics,with applications ranging from bioimaging at various scales(organelle to organism)to detection and quantification of a wide variety of biological species of ***,the weakness of the fluorescence signal remains a persistent challenge in meeting the ever-increasing demand to image,detect,and quantify biological species with low ***,we report a simple and universal method based on a flexible and conformal elastomeric film with adsorbed plasmonic nanostructures,which we term a“plasmonic patch,”that provides large(up to 100-fold)and uniform fluorescence enhancement on a variety of surfaces through simple transfer of the plasmonic patch to the *** demonstrate the applications of the plasmonic patch in improving the sensitivity and limit of detection(by more than 100 times)of fluorescence-based immunoassays implemented in microtiter plates and in microarray *** novel fluorescence enhancement approach presented here represents a disease,biomarker,and application agnostic ubiquitously applicable fundamental and enabling technology to immediately improve the sensitivity of existing analytical methodologies in an easy-to-handle and cost-effective manner,without changing the original procedures of the existing techniques.

关键词： patch plasmon corners

Sperm DNA fragmentation, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 681-685页

作者： Carol Coughlan Helen Clarke Rachel Cutting Jane Saxton Sarah Waite William Ledger Tinchiu Li Allan A Pacey Department of human Metabolism Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine University of Sheffield Level 4 The Jessop Wing Tree Root WalkSheffield S10 2SF UK Assisted Conception Unit Jessop Wing Tree Root Walk Sheffield S10 2SF UK Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology School of Women'sand Children's Health University of New South Wales Royal Hospital for Women Sydney New South Wales Australia

Evidence is increasing that the integrity of sperm DNA may also be related to implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage （RM）. To investigate this, the sperm DNA fragmentation in partners of 35 women with recurrent implantation failure （RIF） following in vitro fertilization, 16 women diagnosed with RM and seven recent fathers （control） were examined. Sperm were examined pre- and post-density centrifugation by the sperm chromatin dispersion （SCD） test and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay. there were no significant differences in the age of either partner or sperm concentration, motility or morphology between three groups. Moreover, there were no obvious differences in sperm DNA fragmentation measured by either test. However, whilst on average sperm DNA fragmentation in all groups was statistically lower in prepared sperm when measured by the SCD test, this was not seen with the results from the TUNEL assay. these results do not support the hypothesis that sperm DNA fragmentation is an important cause of RIF or RM, or that sperm DNA integrity testing has value in such patients. It also highlights significant differences between test methodologies and sperm preparation methods in interpreting the data from sperm DNA fragmentation tests.

关键词： DNA recurrent implantation failure recurrent miscarriage sperm

Implications of vessel co-option in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2016年第12期35卷 641-644页

作者： Elizabeth A.Kuczynski Robert S.Kerbel Sunnybrook Research Institute 2075 Bayview AvenueS-WingRoom S217TorontoON M4N 3M5Canada

the reason why tumors generally have a modest or transient response to antiangiogenic therapy is not well understood. this poses a major challenge for sorafenib treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) where alternate therapies are lacking. We recently published a paper entitled "Co-option of liver vessels and not sprouting angiogenesis drives acquired sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma" in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, providing a potential explanation for this limited beneit. We found that in mice bearing HCCs that had acquired resistance to sorafenib, tumors had switched from using angiogenesis for growth to co-opting the liver vasculature by becoming more invasive. Accumulating evidence suggests that many human tumor types may use vessel co-option, which has profound implications for the use of anti-angiogenic agents for cancer treatment.

关键词： Vessel co-option Non-angiogenic Resistance Sorafenib Hepatocellular carcinoma

How to be a better scientist:Lessons from scientific philosophy,the historical development of science,and past errors within exercise physiology

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第2期4卷 140-146页

作者： Robert A.Robergs Olumide Opeyemi Samuel Torrens School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences O BlockA WingLevel 4Room A419Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences O BlockA WingLevel 4Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia

What is science?While a simple question,the answer is *** is a process involving human behaviour,and due to the human influence,science is often not pursued *** fact,one can argue that we still do not know what the“correct”pursuit of science should *** is because science remains a work in progress,differs for different questions,and we often are not aware of the mistakes made until years,or decades,*** mistakes are common,regardless of the *** exercise physiology,mistakes have been frequent and led to eventual corrections;the replacement of the post-exercise rate of oxygen consumption(VO_(2))debt concept with that of excess post-exercise VO_(2);the invalidation of the cellular production of lactic acid;improvements to maximal heart rate estimation;and on-going debate over the Central Governor *** training and education in the historical development of science and the contributions from scientific philosophy are important in providing an understanding of science,and more importantly,how to pursue“better”vs.“inferior”forms of *** writings of Popper and Kuhn are core to enhanced understanding of how to improve the quality of science ***,quality education and training in the historical and philosophical development of science remain poor in most *** inadequate educational training is overcome,there is sustained risk for the pursuit of science to remain inadequate,which in turn has a potential widespread detriment to humanity and the planet we live on.

关键词： Science Philosophy Epistemology Falsification theories Popper Kuhn

Imperative for improvements and international convergence of intrapartum fetal monitoring: A bird's eye view

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第1期5卷 102-109页

作者： Shashikant L Sholapurkar Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Princess Anne Wing Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

Intrapartum fetal monitoring has been criticized for the lack of evidence of improvement in fetal outcome despite causing increased operative intervention. Paradoxically, cardiotocography （CTG） has been a major driver for litigation for neonatal neurological injury. this analytical review tries to explore why extensive clinical studies and trials over 50 years have failed to demonstrate or bring about signifcant improvement in intrapartum fetal monitoring. there seems a need for significant reform. International congruence on most aspects of CTG interpretation [defnitions of fetal heart rate （FHR） parameters, CTG recording speed, 3-tier systems, etc .] is highly desirable to facilitate future meaningful clinical studies, evaluation and progress in this field. the FHR changes are non-specific and poor surrogate for fetal well-being. As a compromise for maintaining low false-negative results for fetal acidemia, a high false-positive value may have to be accepted. the need for redefning the place of adjuvant tests of fetal well-being like fetal blood sampling or fetal electrocardiography （ECG） is discussed. the FHR decelerations are often deterministic （center-stage） in CTG interpretation and 3-tier categorization. It is discussed if their scientifc and physiological classifcation （avoiding framing and confirmation biases） may be best based on time relationship to uterine contractions alone. this may provide a more sound foundation which could improve the reliability and further evolution of 3-tier systems. Results of several trials of fetal ECG （STAN） have been inconclusive and a need for a fresh approach or strategy is considered. It is hoped that the long anticipated Computer-aided analysis of CTG will be more objective and reliable （overcome human factors） and will offer valuable support or may eventually replace visual CTG interpretation. In any case, the recording and archiving all CTGs digitally and testing cord blood gases routinely in every delivery would be h

关键词： Cardiotocography Electronic fetal monitoring Fetal heart rate decelerations Intrapartum fetal monitoring Intrapartum fetal surveillance Fetal electrocardiography Computerised cardiotocography

Life Cycle Assessment of Household Water Tanks—A Study of LLDPE, Mild Steel and RCC Tanks

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第5期7卷 760-769页

作者： Kunal N. Shah Nanik S. Varandani Monika Panchani Environment & Energy Efficiency Research wing (E&EERW) Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI) Gandhinagar India

A case of household water tanks, 1000 L capacity, made of RCC, LLDPE and mild steel (stainless steel) was evaluated for life cycle analysis. the scope of the research comprised of the raw materials, energy inputs and corresponding emissions during all phases of product making such as extraction of raw material, it’s processing, followed by manufacturing and transport, as well as use and reuse of the product. Simapro 8 (System for Integrated environMental Assessment of PROducts), a modelling software, from Dutch PRé Consultants was used to conduct the life cycle analysis. Simapro 8 enables systematic and transparent modelling and analysis of complex life cycles based on the recommendations of the ISO 14040 series of standards. In the present study the most common method which is acceptable worldwide “Recipe Endpoint method” (ReCiPe) was employed. ReCiPe computes the impact categories and classifies them into two classes based on relevant arrays of characterization factors. Simapro addresses impact categories viz. ozone depletion, human toxicity, ionizing radiation, photochemical oxidant formation, particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, climate change, terrestrial ecotoxicity, agricultural land occupation, urban land occupation, natural land transformation, marine ecotoxicity, marine eutrophication, fresh water eutrophication, fresh water ecotoxicity, fossil fuel depletion, minerals depletion, fresh water depletion at the midpoint level. While at the Endpoint level, the impact categories are multiplied by corresponding damage factors and integrated to be represented as three Endpoint level categories, viz. human health, ecosystems and resource depletion. the three endpoint categories are normalized, weighted, and aggregated into a single score. LCA studies indicate that household water tanks of LLDPE have least environmental implications considering impacts on human health, ecosystems and resource depletion as compared to its counterparts viz. Househ

关键词： Life Cycle Assessment Water Tanks Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) RCC Mild Steel Recipe Endpoint Method

Leukocyte driven-decidual angiogenesis in ***

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 522-537页

作者： Patricia DA Lima Jianhong Zhang Caroline Dunk Stephen J Lye B Anne Croy Ottawa Hospital Research Institute The Ottawa Hospital General Campus Critical Care Wing Ottawa ON Canada Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto ON Canada Department of Physiology and University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's University Kingston ON Canada

Successful pregnancy and long-term, post-natal maternal and offspring cardiac, vascular and metabolic health require key maternal cardiovascular adaptations over gestation. Within the pregnant decidualizing uterus, coordinated vascular, immunological and stromal cell changes occur. Considerable attention has been given to the roles of uterine natural killer （uNK） cells in initiating decidual spiral arterial remodeling, a process normally completed by mid-gestation in mice and in humans. However, leukocyte roles in much earlier, region specific, decidual vascular remodeling are now being defined. Interest in immune cell-promoted vascular remodeling is driven by vascular aberrations that are reported in human gestational complications such as infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia （PE） and fetal growth restriction. Appropriate maternal cardiovascular responses during pregnancy protect mothers and their children from later cardiovascular disease risk elevation. One of the earliest uterine responses to pregnancy in species with hemochorial placentation is stromal cell decidualization, which creates unique niches for angiogenesis and leukocyte recruitment. In early decidua basalis, the aspect of the implantation site that will cradle the developing placenta and provide the major blood vessels to support mature placental functions, leukocytes are greatly enriched and display specialized properties. UNK cells, the most abundant leukocyte subset in early decidua basalis, have angiogenic abilities and are essential for normal early decidual angiogenesis. the regulation of uNK cells and their roles in determining maternal and progeny cardiovascular health over ore^nancv and PostPartum are discussed.

关键词： angiokines blood vessel decidua endometrium natural killer cell receptors uterine natural killer cell

Eradication of malaria through genetic engineering:the current situation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 85-94页

作者： wing-Chui Chong Rusliza Basir Yam Mun Fei Department of human Anatomy Pharmacology UnitFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 MindenPulau PinangMalaysia

Malaria is an intra-cellular parasitic protozoon responsible for millions of deaths *** and parasite genetic factors are crucial in affecting susceptibility to malaria and progression of the *** increased deployment of vector controls and new artemisinin combination therapies have dramatically reduced the mortality and morbidity of malaria ***, the gradual emergence of parasite and mosquito resistance has raised alarm regarding the effectiveness of current artemisinin-based *** this review,mechanisms of anti-malarial drug resistance in the Plasmodium parasite and new genetically engineered tools of research priorities are *** complexity of the parasite lifecycle demands novel interventions to achieve global ***,turning laboratory discovered transgenic interventions into functional products entails multiple experimental phases in addition to ethical and safety *** over the regulatory status and public acceptance further discourage the implementation of genetically modified organisms.

关键词： Malaria Vector control Resistance Plasmodium parasite Genetically engineered tools