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Delaying wheat sowing date and increasing sowing rate promotes lignin synthesis and reduces lodging

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The Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 269-280页

作者： Chunhui Li Haixing Cui Min Jin Shufang Sun Jiayu Wang Yongli Luo Yong Li Zhenlin Wang State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271000ShandongChina

Population size plays a crucial role in determining wheat *** carbohydrate accumulation resulting from increased competition between populations and individuals leads to poor-quality *** sowing date can mitigate competition in densely planted ***,the underlying mechanism by which it confers resistance to wheat lodging remains *** this study,Zimai 2.(lodging-sensitive variety)and Shannong 2.(lodging-resistant variety)were used with three sowing treatments on October 2.(S1),October 2.(S2.,and November 3(S3).The sowing rate was adjusted to ensure adequate population size and consistency in the overwintering populations across sowing dates(300 plant m2.for S1,375 plant m2.for S2.and 52. plant m2.for S3).The lodging resistance in winter wheat was increased by delayed sowing and increased sowing rate,which led to a reduction in tiller numbers and fostered primary stem development.A reduction in the overwinter cumulative temperature from 500 to 450C,coupled with an elevation in sowing rates from 300 to 375 plant m2.transition from S1 to S2.,corresponded with a notable increase in structural carbohydrates(lignin,cellulose,hemicellulose,and pectin)by 175.07 mg g***,there was a moderate increase in non-structural carbohydrates,including soluble sugars and starch,by 15.54 mg g*** sowing and increased sowing rate elevated the precursor contents of lignin *** metabolic activity of related pathways ultimately increased dimer/trimer *** summary,this study highlights the pivotal role of lignin metabolites and cross-linked structures in determining the stem stiffness breaking strength.

关键词： Wheat Lodging Stem quality Carbohydrates Lignin metabolism

Brassinosteroids alleviate wheat floret degeneration under low nitrogen stress by promoting the redistribution of sucrose from stems to spikes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 497-516页

作者： Zimeng Liang Xidan Cao Rong Gao Nian Guo Yangyang Tang Vinay Nangia Yang Liu college of agronomy Northwest A&F University International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas

The trade-off between yield and environmental effects caused by nitrogen fertilizer application is an important issue in wheat production. A reduction in fertile florets is one of the main reasons for the lower yields under low nitrogen application rates. Brassinosteroids(BRs) have been found to play a role in nitrogen-induced rice spikelet degeneration. However, whether BRs play a role in wheat floret development and the mechanisms involved are not clear. Therefore, a nitrogen gradient experiment and exogenous spraying experiment were conducted to investigate the role and mechanism of BRs in wheat floret development under low nitrogen stress. The results showed that as the nitrogen application decreased, the endogenous BRs content of the spikes decreased, photosynthesis weakened, and total carbon, soluble sugar and starch in the spikes decreased, leading to a reduction in the number of fertile florets. Under low nitrogen stress, exogenous spraying of 2.-epibrassinolide promoted photosynthesis,and stimulated stem fructan hydrolysis and the utilization and storage of sucrose in spikes, which directed more carbohydrates to the spikes and increased the number of fertile florets. In conclusion, BRs mediate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat floret development, and under low nitrogen stress, foliar spraying of 2.-epibrassinolide promotes the flow of carbohydrates from the stem to the spikes, alleviating wheat floret degeneration.

关键词： brassinosteroids fertile florets nitrogen application rate sucrose metabolism wheat

Effects of Paclobutrazol Seed Soaking on Non-Structural Carbohydrate and Grain Enrichment in Direct-Seeded Rice

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2025年第1期94卷 269-279页

作者： Qiang Zhang Dongsheng Gai Yong Liu Weiyang Liu Pengcheng Fu Xiwen Shao Xuanhe Liang Yanqiu Geng Liying Guo agronomy college Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun130118China

The yield of direct-seeded rice(DSR)was constrained by inadequate grain *** studies have indicated that paclobutrazol application plays a significant role in enhancing crop agronomic traits and increasing *** study aimed to examine the effects of paclobutrazol seed soaking(PSS)on non-structural carbohydrate accumulation and grain enrichment in DSR,potentially providing a theoretical foundation for achieving high-yield DSR *** experiment utilized two rice varieties,Jiyujing(JYJ)and Jijing305(JJ305),with seeds soaked in paclobutrazol concentrations of 0 mg L−1 and 100 mg L−*** demonstrated increased chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,and leaf area,as well as an extended photosynthetic function period during the filling *** also elevated soluble sugar and starch contents in the flag leaf(during the filling stage)and stem sheath(after heading),decreased starch content in the top panicle while increasing it in the middle and lower panicle during the filling stage,and enhanced spikelet per unit area and seed setting rate,thereby improving DSR *** conclusion,PSS enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of DSR during the filling stage,coordinated the filling process of superior and inferior grains,maintained source-sink balance,and facilitated stable and orderly filling,ultimately resulting in improved yield.

关键词： Paclobutrazol direct-seeded rice soluble sugar starch yield

A morphological and anatomical study for tracking the growth and development of individual flowers and pods in soybean(Glycine max L.)

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The Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 304-309页

作者： Fang Li Yi-Ping Shao Irsa Ejaz Zhen-Yuan Chen Zhi-Wei Wang Xin Wang Shun-Li Zhou college of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei Wuqiao 061802HebeiChina

A morphology-based growth stage system should describe the growth and development of a crop and thereby help farmers and agronomists in formulating reasonable managementmeasures conducive to the development of marketable ***,existing growth stage systems for soybean are either based on plant growth or covered particular phases of flower or pod development,making it difficult to use for tracking the entire growth period of individual flowers and ***,the first flower and pod,located at the base of the primary raceme in the eighth trifoliate node of the main stem,were chosen to illustrate growth dynamics during the full reproductive *** size and fresh weight of the primary raceme in the eighth trifoliate leaf axil,the first flower and pod,the pistils in the first flower,and seeds in the first pod were examined,and the growth of these organs was *** the morphological characteristics and growth features of flowers and pods,as well as existing growth stage systems,the growth and development were delineated in 13 *** detail,we classified the flower phase based on the relative positions of floral components,inspired by the ratio of bract to flower used for staging,refined the lag phase proposed previously,retained the use of pod length to define the early pod phase,and innovatively described the late pod phase by the seed *** developmental events in each stage of flower and pod were distinctive and closely connected to the corresponding *** together,a more detailed growth stage system for describing individual flowers and pods in soybean was *** system will serve as a valuable research tool for describing the development,gene expression,and cellular metabolism associated with the formation of flowers,pods,and seeds.

关键词： Soybean Growth stage system Flower and pod Morphology Anatomy Growth and development

Review on physiological and ecological characteristics and agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第1期24卷 1-22页

作者： Wen Yin Qiang Chai Zhilong Fan Falong Hu Lianhao Zhao Hong Fan Wei He Cai Zhao Aizhong Yu Yali Sun Feng Wang State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Lanzhou 730070China college of agronomy Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield,stable productivity,and efficient utilization of ***,in recent years,the high yield of traditional intercropping is mainly attributed to the large amount of purchased resources such as water and fertilizer,plastic film,and mechanical *** lead to a decline in cultivated land quality and exacerbate intercrops'premature root and canopy ***,the application of traditional intercropping faces major challenges in crop *** paper analyzes the manifestations,occurrence mechanisms,and agronomic regulatory pathways of crop *** physiological and ecological characteristics of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are reviewed in this *** main agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are based on above-and blow-ground interactions,including collocation of crop varieties,spatial arrangement,water and fertilizer management,and tillage and mulch *** research fields of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence should focus on the aspects of selecting and breeding special varieties,application of molecular biology techniques,and developing or applying models to predict and evaluate the root and canopy senescence process of *** analysis and evaluation of different research results could provide a basis for enhancing intercropping delay root and canopy senescence through adopting innovative technologies for regulating the physio-ecological characteristics of *** would support developing and adopting high-yield,efficient,and sustainable intercropping systems in arid and semi-arid areas with high population density,limited land,and abundant light and heat resources.

关键词： intercropping root and canopy senescence photosynthetic physiology ecological adaptability regulatory pathway

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OsNCED3 and OsPYL1 promote the closure of rice florets by regulating sugar transporters through endogenous abscisic acid

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 441-452页

作者： Xiawan Zhai Wenbin Kai Youming Huang Jinyin Chen Xiaochun Zeng Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic BreedingJiangxi Agricultural University college of agronomy Jiangxi Agricultural University college of Life Science and Resources and Environment Yichun University

Rice is the world's largest food crop, but it often encounters flowering asynchronization problems during hybrid rice seed production. In addition, the slow closure of female florets leads to seed mildew and affects the quality. The hormone abscisic acid(ABA) plays a crucial role in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Previous studies showed that exogenous ABA promotes floret closure, although the molecular mechanisms and effects of endogenous ABA on floret closure remain unknown. In this study, the effect of endogenous ABA on floret closure and the molecular mechanism by which ABA promotes floret closure through sugar transporters were investigated by changing the expression levels of OsNCED3 and OsPYL1 in rice. The results showed that overexpression(OE)-OsNCED3increased the endogenous ABA level of florets. Florets closed 5.91 min earlier and OsNCED3 gene knockout line delayed the closure of florets by 5.08 min compared with the wild type. In addition, OsPYL1 regulated the endogenous ABA content and changed the sensitivity to ABA such that the floret closure times for OE and CRISPR-Cas9(CR) were 9.84 min earlier and 12.78 min later, respectively, resulting in an increase in the split husk rate to 15.4%. The gene expression levels of some sugar transporters(STs) changed. The OsPYL1 and OsSWEET4proteins could interact on the cell membrane. These results indicate that ABA promotes the closure of rice florets and the enhanced sensitivity to ABA promotes this effect even more. The molecular mechanism is mainly related to downstream sugar transporters that respond to the ABA signaling pathway, especially OsSWEET4.

关键词： rice floret closure sugar transporter abscisic acid seed quality

The fourth exon confers antagonistic activity of OsMFT1 and OsMFT2.in rice pre-harvest sprouting

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The Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 135-144页

作者： Jialing Zhang Fei Liu Yang Kuang Ming Luo Chengcai Chu Fan Xu college of agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-BioresourcesCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina

Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)describes the germination of physiologically mature grains in spikes prior to harvest in cereal *** could seriously decrease grain yield and quality,which makes it a major constraint to cereal production worldwide.A number of PHS-associated genes in cereals have been reported;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying PHS remain largely ***,we report a CRISPRCas9 mutant with severe PHS in a paddy *** mutated gene OsMFT2.encodes a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein(PEBP).Intriguingly,the OsMFT1,in the same PEBP family,had the opposite effect in controlling rice PHS as does *** tests of seeds of chimeric protein-expressing plants revealed that the fourth exon conferred the antagonistic activity of OsMFT1 and OsMFT2.in rice ***,two lines of these plants showed elevated grain numbers per panicle,implying that chimeric protein has potential to significantly increase ***,transcriptome analysis and genetic studies indicated that OsMFT1 and OsMFT2.performed opposing functions in rice PHS owing to three co-regulated genes that being contrastingly affected by OsMFT1 and ***,it seemed that the proper combination of PEBP family members could obtain optimal PHS resistance and high yield.

关键词： Rice Pre-harvest sprouting PEBP MFT

A genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis reveal the genetic basis for the Southern corn rust resistance in maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 453-466页

作者： Yang Wang Chunhua Mu Xiangdong Li Canxing Duan Jianjun Wang Xin Lu Wangshu Li Zhennan Xu Shufeng Sun Ao Zhang Zhiqiang Zhou Shenghui Wen Zhuanfang Hao Jienan Han Jianzhou Qu Wanli Du Fenghai Li Jianfeng Weng college of agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Maize Research Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences college of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University Institute of Maize Shanxi Agricultural University

Southern corn rust(SCR) is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P. polysora) that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide. Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes has the potential to enhance overall resistance to this pathogen. Using phenotypic SCR resistance-related data collected over two years and three geographical environments, a genome-wide association study was carried out in this work, which eventually identified 91 loci that were substantially correlated with SCR susceptibility. These included 13 loci that were significant in at least three environments and overlapped with 74 candidate genes(B73＿RefGen＿v4). Comparative transcriptomic analyses were then performed to identify the genes related to SCR infection, with 2.586 and 797 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) ultimately being identified in the resistant Qi319and susceptible 8112.inbred lines following P. polysora infection, respectively, including 306 genes common to both lines. Subsequent integrative multi-omics investigations identified four potential candidate SCR response-related genes. One of these genes is ZmHCT9, which encodes the protein hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 9. This gene was up-regulated in susceptible inbred lines and linked to greater P. polysora resistance as confirmed through cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-based virus induced-gene silencing(VIGS) system-mediated gene silencing. These data provide important insights into the genetic basis of the maize SCR response. They will be useful for for future research on potential genes related to SCR resistance in maize.

关键词： maize southern corn rust genome-wide association study transcriptome

De novo origination of the micropeptide controlling kernel dehydration in maize

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Yuanliang Liu Manman Li Mingliang Xu State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Agronomy and Biotechnology National Maize Improvement Center Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural University

The mechanization of maize harvest plays a pivotal role in global food security and agricultural productivity. However, in China and many other countries, maize harvesting remains largely unmechanized, with less than ...

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