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Real-world utility of serological tests in patients with suspected scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea:A single-center,retrospective,observational study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第6期17卷 273-280,I0004,I0005页

作者： Seulki Kim A Reum Kim Seungjin Lim Su Jin Lee Moonsuk Bae Division of infectious diseases Department of Internal MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsanRepublic of Korea Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsanRepublic of Korea department of Internal Medicine Pusan National University School of MedicineBusanRepublic of Korea

Objective:Serological tests are widely used for scrub typhus diagnosis;however,their limitations are *** study aims to assess their practical value in clinical ***:We analyzed the data of adult patients with suspected scrub typhus who visited a tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea from September to December from 2.19 to *** included patients had an acute fever and at least one of the following ten secondary findings:myalgia,skin rash,eschar,headache,thrombocytopenia,increased liver enzyme levels,lymphadenopathy,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly,and pleural *** diagnoses were grouped as scrub typhus or other diseases by two infectious disease ***:Among 136 patients who met the eligibility criteria,109 had scrub typhus and 2. had different *** and paired total antibodies using immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and total antibodies using immunochromatography-based rapid diagnostic testing(ICT)were measured in 98%,2.%,and 75%of all patients,*** using paired samples for scrub typhus was established at a median of 11[interquartile range(IQR)10-16]days following the first *** the 82.admitted patients,the median admission time was 9(IQR 7-13)*** to IFA,58(55%)patients with scrub typhus had total immunoglobulin titers≥1:32.,while 2.(85%)patients with other disease had titersdiseases showed negative ICT ***:Serological testing for scrub typhus is currently insufficient for decision-making in clinical practice.

关键词： Scrub typhus Serological test Immunofluorescence assay Immunochromatography Rapid detecting test

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Mycoplasma hominis Pneumonia Presented as a Cavitary Mass with a Halo Sign in an Immunocompetent Adult Male:A Case Report

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infectious diseases & Immunity 2024年第3期4卷 142-145页

作者： Pan-Pan Xie Yao Yao Ning Yang Wen-Kai Niu Xin Yuan department of Respiratory and Critical Care diseases Senior Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100039China Anhui Medical University PLA 307 Clinical College Beijing 100039China.

Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic microorganism that colonizes the genitourinary tract and causes genitourinary ***,pulmonary infections caused by *** have rarely been reported in immunocompetent ***,we report a rare case of an immunocompetent adult male with *** pneumonia who presented with multiple pulmonary nodules that progressed to a cavitary mass with a halo *** presence of *** infection was confirmed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction(mPCR)of the bronchoalveolar lavage *** patient demonstrated no response to the initial levofloxacin therapy;however,the symptoms subsequently improved after the administration of *** may be an underestimated causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia of unknown etiology in immunocompetent adults,and the involvement of the organism should be especially suspected in sexually active *** diagnostic methods,such as mPCR,can be used to identify the etiology of atypical *** antibiotics are crucial for effective treatment.

关键词： M.hominis Halo sign Cavitary pneumonia Extragenital infections Case report

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Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Naegleria fowleri in China: A Case Report

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infectious Microbes & diseases 2024年第1期6卷 43-45页

作者： Qihuan Wu Chensong Chen Jie Li Xiang Lian department of infectious {2. The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityNingboChina department of Critical Care Medicine The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityNingboChina Laboratory Medicine The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityNingboChina

Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic,free-living ameba that is commonly known as the“brain-eating ameba.”This parasite invades the central nervous system and causes an acute fulminant infection,which results in a fatal form of primary amebic meningoencephalitis(PAM).Here,we report a case of PAM by an unexpected transmission ***,the patient deteriorated swiftly and passed away subsequent to diagnosis,despite our exhaustive ***,we compiled a summary of 11 cases of PAM survivors who have all been treated with amphotericin,rifampicin and *** this regimen,miltefosine was also used successfully to treat PAM in an *** precise understanding of the survival rate and contributing factors can be established with further validation on ad-ditional cases.

关键词： Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis metagenomic next-generation sequencing

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Baicalein suppresses Coxsackievirus B3 replication by inhibiting caspase-1 and viral protease 2.

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 685-693页

作者： Yanyan Dong Enze Shao Siwei Li Ruiqi Wang Dan Wang Lixin Wang Hong Yang Yingxia He Tian Luan Yang Chen Yao Wang Lexun Lin Yan Wang Zhaohua Zhong Wenran Zhao department of Cell Biology Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China department of microbiology Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle and one of the primary causes of dilated *** B coxsackievirus(CVB)is one of the leading causative pathogens of viral myocarditis,which primarily affects children and young *** to the lack of vaccines,the development of antiviral medicines is crucial to controlling CVB infection and the progression of *** this study,we investigated the antiviral effect of baicalein,a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria *** results demonstrated that baicalein treatment significantly reduced cytopathic effect and increased cell viability in CVB3-infected *** addition,significant reductions in viral protein 3D,viral RNA,and viral particles were observed in CVB3-infected cells treated with *** found that baicalein exerted its inhibitory effect in the early stages of CVB3 *** also suppressed viral replication in the myocardium and effectively alleviated myocarditis induced by CVB3 *** study revealed that baicalein exerts its antiviral effect by inhibiting the activity of caspase-1 and viral protease *** together,our findings demonstrate that baicalein has antiviral activity against CVB3 infection and may serve as a potential therapeutic option for the myocarditis caused by enterovirus infection.

关键词： Baicalein Coxsackievirus B(CVB) Myocarditis 2. protease Caspase-1

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The validity of serum ferritin levels in predicting cardiovascular events of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease patients may need more consideration

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 755-756页

作者： Jie Yang Qing Liu Jie Li Chao Sun department of Gastroenterology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport HospitalTianjinChina department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina department of infectious {2. Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina

We read with great interest the informative study by Armandi et al.,which shed light on the potential role of serum ferritin in predicting the long-term prognosis of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(1).However,there remain certain facets requiring in-depth investigation and *** of all,the study found that integrating stepwise increased ferritin thresholds(2.5.5 and 2.2.g/L)into predictive models can improve the performance of fibrosis-4(FIB-4)and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score(NFS)in the longitudinal risk assessment of liver-related events and overall ***,it has been suggested that metabolic hyperferritinaemia(MHF)appears to exhibit a male predominance(2.3).Since the study primarily comprised male participants(65%),it raises the query of whether the ferritin threshold based on the entire population can accurately predict risks within female ***,a sex-specific analysis is warranted to ensure a more precise evaluation.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD) serum ferritin cardiovascular events

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Concomitant and sequential administration of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and azvudine in patients with COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant: Safety and efficacy

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iLABMED 2024年第2期2卷 88-97页

作者： Guang-Bin Chen You-Rou Zheng Yun-Ni Yu Li-Mian Liang Chao Chen Ying-Xia Liu Hong-Zhou Lu department of Clinical Pharmacy Third People's Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina National Clinical Research Center for infectious diseases Division of Infectious DiseasesThe Third People's Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina

Background:This study assessed the safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir(Paxlovid®)and azvudine when administered sequentially or concomitantly in patients with coronavirus 2.19(COVID-19)caused by the Omicron ***:Ninety-three patients confirmed to be infected with the Omicron variant by nucleic acid detection were retrospectively ***-tion was collected on general health status,medication,and adverse drug reactions(ADRs)according to whether nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and azvudine were administered sequentially or *** on times of onset,clinical manifestations,and outcomes of ADRs and on conversion to a nega-tive nucleic acid test were also ***:Possible ADRs were recorded in 41 patients(44.1%).There were 2. gastrointestinal reactions in 18 patients and 18 hematological abnormalities in 16 after sequential or concomitant treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and *** enzyme levels increased in nine cases and creatinine clearance decreased in *** of atrial fibrillation(n=1),sleep disorder(n=2.,rash(n=2.,dizziness(n=1),and weakness(n=5)were also *** vomiting,poor appetite,diarrhea,xerostomia,bitter taste,and rash were considered probable ADRs;others were thought to be possible *** all cases,the nucleic acid test did not turn negative after the first antiviral was *** nucleic acid test of 2. patients did not turn negative before *** remaining 65 patients(69.9%)returned a negative nucleic acid test after receiving the second antiviral ***:Treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and azvudine is safe and effective whether administered sequentially or concomitantly in patients with COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant.

关键词： adverse drug reactions azvudine efficacy nirmatrelvir-ritonavir Omicron variant safety

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SARS-CoV-2.and innate immunity:the good,the bad,and the"goldilocks"

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 171-183页

作者： Benjamin L.Sievers Mark T.K.Cheng Kata Csiba Bo Meng Ravindra K.Gupta department of Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology&infectious Disease(CITID) Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUk

An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of *** about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that can be leveraged *** humoral response to SARS-CoV-2.infection has been the focus of intense research,and the role of the innate immune system has received significantly less ***,we review current knowledge of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2.infection and the various means SARS-CoV-2.employs to evade innate defense *** also consider the role of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2.vaccines and in the phenomenon of long COVID.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Innate immune response Interferon Cytokines Inflammation Antiviral targets

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Antifungal pipeline:Is there light at the end of the tunnel?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2686-2691页

作者： Georgios Schinas Nikolaos Spernovasilis Karolina Akinosoglou department of Medicine University of PatrasPatras 26504Greece department of infectious {2. German Oncology CenterLimassol 4108Cyprus

The misuse and overuse of classic antifungals have accelerated the development of resistance mechanisms,diminishing the efficacy of established therapeutic pathways and necessitating a shift towards alternative *** this pressing need for new treatments,the antifungal drug pipeline has been largely stagnant for the past three decades,primarily due to the high risks and costs associated with antifungal drug development,compounded by uncertain market *** research durations,special patient populations and rigorous regulatory demands pose significant barriers to bringing novel antifungal agents to *** response,the“push-pull”incentive model has emerged as a vital strategy to invigorate the pipeline and encourage *** editorial critically examines the current clinical landscape and spotlights emerging antifungal agents,such as Fosmanogepix,Ibrexafungerp,and Olorofim,while also unraveling the multifaceted challenges faced in new antifungal drug *** generation of novel antifungals offers a beacon of hope in the battle against antimicrobial resistance,but it is premature to declare them as definitive *** future role hinges on thorough clinical validation,costeffectiveness assessments,and continuous post-marketing *** through strategic implementation and integration with market strategies we can transform the landscape of antifungal development,addressing both the resistance crisis and the treatment challenges.

关键词： Antifungals Resistance Fosmanogepix Ibrexafungerp Olorofim

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Evaluation of G3BP1 in the prognosis of acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure after the treatment of artificial liver support system

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 251-263页

作者： Wen-Yuan Li Lu-Wen Wang Jin Dong Yao Wang department of Anesthesiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060Hubei ProvinceChina department of infectious {2. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060Hubei ProvinceChina department of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The increased expression of G3BP1 was positively correlated with the prognosis of liver *** To investigate the effect of G3BP1 on the prognosis of acute liver failure(ALF)and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)after the treatment of artificial liver support system(ALSS).METHODS A total of 2.4 patients with ALF and ACLF were enrolled in this *** levels of G3BP1 on admission and at discharge were *** validation set of 514 patients was collected to verify the predicted effect of G3BP1 and the viability of *** This study was shown that lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and prothrombin time were closely related to the prognosis of *** the ALSS treatment,the patient’amount of decreased G3BP1 index in difference of G3BP1 between the value of discharge and admission(difG3BP1)<0 group had a nearly 10-fold increased risk of progression compared with the amount of increased G3BP1 *** subgroup analysis showed that the difG3BP1<0 group had a higher risk of progression,regardless of model for end-stage liver disease high-risk or low-risk *** the same time,compared with the inflam matory marks[tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18],G3BP1 had higher discrimination and was more stable in the model analysis and validation *** combined with AFP and LDH,concordance index was respectively 0.84 and 0.8 in training and validation *** This study indicated that G3BP1 could predict the prognosis of ALF or ACLF patients treated with *** combination of G3BP1,AFP and LDH could accurately evaluate the disease condition and predict the clinical endpoint of patients.

关键词： G3BP1 Prognosis Acute liver failure Acute-on-chronic liver failure Artificial liver support system

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infectious causes of fever of unknown origin in developing countries: An international ID-IRI study

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 94-100页

作者： Hakan Erdem Jaffar AAl-Tawfiq Maha Abid Wissal Ben Yahia George Akafity Manar Ezzelarab Ramadan Fatma Amer Amani El-Kholy Atousa Hakamifard Bilal Ahmad Rahimi Farouq Dayyab Hulya Caskurlu Reham Khedr Muhammad Tahir Lysien Zambrano Mumtaz Ali Khan Aun Raza Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed Magdalena Baymakova Aysun Yalci Yasemin Cag Umran Elbahr Aamer Ikram department of infectious {2.&Clinical microbiology Gulhane School of MedicineTurkish Health Sciences UniversityAnkaraTurkey Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality and Patient Safety department Johns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia Division of infectious diseases Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA department of infectious {2. Farhat Hached University HospitalIbn El Jazzar Medical SchoolUniversity of SousseSousseTunisia Internal Medicine department Farhat Hached University HospitalIbn El Jazzar Medical SchoolUniversity of SousseSousseTunisia Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Cape CoastGhana Medical Parasitology Faculty of MedicineSuez UniversitySuezEgypt department of Medical microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityGizaEgypt department of infectious {2. School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran department of infectious {2. Kandahar University Medical FacultyTeaching HospitalKandaharAfghanistan department of infectious {2. Mohammed Bn Khalifa Bn Salman Alkhalifa Specialist Cardiac CenterAwaliBahrain department of infectious {2. and Clinical microbiology Faculty of MedicineIstanbul Medeniyet UniversityIstanbulTurkey department of Pediatric Oncology National Cancer Institute–Cairo UniversityChildren Cancer Hospital EgyptCairoEgypt department of Medicine Federal General HospitalIslamabadPakistan Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health(ICIMEDES) Scientific Research Unit(UIC)Faculty of Medical Sciences(FCM)National Autonomous University of Honduras(UNAH)TegucigalpaHonduras National Institute of Health IslamabadPakistan Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center LahorePakistan Medical Parasitology department Research Institute of OphthalmologyGizaEgypt department of infectious {2. Military Medical AcademySofiaBulgaria department of Infecti

Background:Fever of unknown origin(FUO)in developing countries is an important dilemma and further research is needed to elucidate the infectious causes of ***:A multi-center study for infectious causes of FUO in lower middle-income countries(LMIC)and lowincome countries(LIC)was conducted between January 1,2.18 and January 1,*** total,15 participating centers from seven different countries provided the data,which were collected through the infectious diseasesInternational Research Initiative *** adult patients with confirmed infection as the cause of FUO were included in the *** severity parameters were quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)≥2.intensive care unit(ICU)admission,vasopressor use,and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV).Results:A total of 160 patients with infectious FUO were included in the ***,148(92.5%)patients had community-acquired infections and 12.7.5%)had hospital-acquired *** most common infectious syndromes were tuberculosis(TB)(n=2.,16.9%),infective endocarditis(n=2.,15.6%),malaria(n=2.,13.1%),brucellosis(n=15,9.4%),and typhoid fever(n=9,5.6%).Plasmodium falciparum,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Brucellae,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella typhi,and Rickettsiae were the leading infectious agents in this study.A total of 56(35.0%)cases had invasive procedures for *** mean qSOFA score was 0.76±0.94{median(interquartile range[IQR]):0(0–1)}.ICU admission(n=2.,16.2.),vasopressor use(n=14,8.8%),and IMV(n=10,6.3%)were not ***,38(2..8%)patients had at least one of the severity *** mortality rate was 15(9.4%),and the mortality was attributable to the infection causing FUO in 12.7.5%)***:In LMIC and LIC,tuberculosis and cardiac infections were the most severe and the leading infections causing FUO.

关键词： Developing countries Fever of unknown origin Infection

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