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Bloodstream infections in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Changing epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 269-280页

作者： Fotinie Ntziora Efthymia Giannitsioti 1st department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensLaiko General HospitalAthensGreece

The Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden of critically ill patients who required hospitalization in the intensive care unit(ICU).Bacterial and fungal co-infections,including bloodstream infections(BSIs),increased significantly in ICU patients with COVID-19;this had a significant negative impact on patient *** data pertaining to BSI episodes from the ICU setting during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected and analyzed for this narrative *** searched the PubMed database for articles published between March 2020 and October 2023;the terms“COVID-19”AND“bloodstream infections”AND“ICU”were used for the search.A total of 778 articles were retrieved;however,only 27 were exclusively related to BSIs in ICU patients with *** pertaining to the epidemiological characteristics,risk factors,characteristics of bacterial and fungal BSIs,patterns of antimicrobial resistance,and comparisons between ICU and non-ICU patients during and before the COVID-19 pandemic were *** on antimicrobial stewardship and infection-control policies were also *** rates of BSI were found to have increased among ICU patients with COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients and those admitted during the pre-pandemic *** gender,60–70 years of age,increased body mass index,high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores at admission,prolonged hospital and ICU stay,use of central lines,invasive ventilation,and receipt of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were all defined as risk factors for *** use of immune modulators for COVID-19 appeared to increase the risk of BSI;however,the available data are ***,Enterococci,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Candida *** as prominent infecting organisms during the pandemic;along with Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa they had a significant impact on ***-resistant organisms prevailed in the ICU,especially if antimicrobial resistance was establish

关键词： COVID-19 Bloodstream infection ICU Antimicr obial resistance stewardship

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,neuroinflammation,and sigma 1 receptors as contributors to depression and its treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2202-2211页

作者： Chika Fujii Charles F.Zorumski Yukitoshi Izumi department of psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

The etiological factors contributing to depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders are largely undefined. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and autophagy are well-defined mechanisms that play critical functions in recognizing and resolving cellular stress and are possible targets for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. An increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the control of neuroinflammation, a contributing factor to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Initial inflammatory triggers induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroinflammatory responses. Subsequently, induction of autophagy by neurosteroids and other signaling pathways that converge on autophagy induction are thought to participate in resolving neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. studies focused on innate immune factors, including neurosteroids with anti-inflammatory roles will be reviewed. In the context of depression, animal models that led to our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying depression will be highlighted, including the roles of sigma 1 receptors and pharmacological agents that dampen endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated neuroinflammation.

关键词： allopregnanolone fluvoxamine ketamine neurosteroids postpartum depression quercetin

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Glyphosate as a direct or indirect activator of pro-inflammatory signaling and cognitive impairment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2212-2218页

作者： Yukitoshi Izumi Kazuko A.O'Dell Charles F.Zorumski department of psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used around the world, making it likely that most humans have significant exposure. Because of habitual exposure, there are concerns about toxicity including neurotoxicity that could result in neurological, psychiatric, or cognitive impairment. We recently found that a single injection of glyphosate inhibits long-term potentiation, a cellular model of learning and memory, in rat hippocampal slices dissected 1 day after injection, indicating that glyphosate-based herbicides can alter cognitive function. Glyphosate-based herbicides could adversely affect cognitive function either indirectly and/or directly. Indirectly, glyphosate could affect gut microbiota, and if dysbiosis results in endotoxemia(leaky gut), infiltrated bacterial by-products such as lipopolysaccharides could activate pro-inflammatory cascades. Glyphosate can also directly trigger pro-inflammatory cascades. Indeed, we observed that acute glyphosate exposure inhibits long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Interestingly, direct inhibition of long-term potentiation by glyphosate appears to be similar to that of lipopolysaccharides. There are several possible measures to control dysbiosis and neuroinflammation caused by glyphosate. Dietary intake of polyphenols, such as quercetin, which overcome the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on long-term potentiation, could be one effective strategy. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss possible mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity following glyphosate exposure as a means to identify potential treatments.

关键词： cognitive impairment glyphosate microglia neuroinflammation roundup toll-like receptor 4 zinc chelation

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The effect of high-flow oxygen via tracheostomy on respiratory pattern and diaphragmatic function in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation:A randomized,physiological,crossover study

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 202-208页

作者： Elena Lytra stelios Kokkoris Ioannis Poularas Dimitrios Filippiadis Demosthenes Cokkinos Dimitrios Exarhos Spyros Zakynthinos Christina Routsi 1st department of Intensive Care Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensEvangelismos HospitalAthensGreece Radiology department Evangelismos HospitalAthensGreece 2nd Radiology department Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAttikon HospitalAthensGreece

Background Compared to conventional oxygen devices,high-flow oxygen treatment(HFOT)through the nasal cannulae has demonstrated clinical *** data exist on whether such effects are also present in HFOT through ***,we aimed to examine the short-term effects of HFOT through tracheostomy on diaphragmatic function and respiratory parameters in tracheostomized patients on prolonged mechanical *** A randomized,crossover,physiological study was conducted in our ICU between December 2020 and April 2021,in patients with tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical *** patients underwent a 30-min spontaneous breathing trial(SBT)and received oxygen either via T-piece or by HFOT through tracheostomy,followed by a washout period of 15-min breathing through the T-piece and receipt of 30-min oxygen with the other modality in a randomized crossover *** the start and end of each session,blood gasses,breathing frequency(f),and tidal volume(VT)via a Wright's spirometer were measured,along with diaphragm ultrasonography including diaphragm excursion and diaphragmatic thickening fraction,which expressed the inspiratory muscle *** Eleven patients were enrolled in whom 19 sessions were uneventfully completed;eight patients were studied twice on two different days with alternate sessions;and three patients were studied *** were randomly assigned to start the SBT with a T-piece(n=10 sessions)or with HFOT(n=9 sessions).With HFOT,VT and minute ventilation(VE)significantly increased during SBT(from[465±119]mL to[549±134]mL,P1 and from[12.4±4.3]L/min to[13.1±4.2]L/min,P132]mL to[461±123]mL and from[12.8±4.4]mL to[12.0±4.4]mL,respectively);f/VT decreased during HFOT(from[64±31]breaths/(min∙L)to[49±24]breaths/(min∙L),P1),but it did not change significantly during SBT with T-piece(from[59±28]breaths/(min∙L)to[64±33]breaths/(m

关键词： Diaphragm Diaphragm ultrasonography High-flow oxygen Prolonged mechanical ventilation Tracheostomy

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Low-loss and polarization insensitive 32×4 optical switch for ROADM applications

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 875-884页

作者： Xiaotian Zhu Xiang Wang Yanlu Huang Liyan Wu Chunfei Zhao Mingzhu Xiao Luyi Wang Roy Davidson Yanni Ou Brent E.Little Sai T.Chu department of Physics City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueHong KongChina. QXP Technologies Inc. NO.15th Shanglinyuan 1st RoadXi’anShaanxi 710119China. state Key Laboratory of Information of Photonics and Optical Communications School of Electronic EngineeringBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Integrated switches play a crucial role in the development of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers(ROADMs)that have greater flexibility and compactness,ultimately leading to robust single-chip *** decades of research on switches with various structures and platforms,achieving a balance between dense integration,low insertion loss(IL),and polarization-dependent loss(PDL)remains a significant *** this paper,we propose and demonstrate a 32×4 optical switch using high-index doped silica glass(HDSG)for ROADM *** switch is designed to route any of the 32 inputs to the express ports or drop any channels from 32 inputs to the target 4 drop ports or add any of the 4 ports to any of the 32 express *** switch comprises 188 MachZehnder Interferometer(MZI)type switch elements,88 optical vias for the 44 optical bridges,and 618 waveguidewaveguide crossings with three-dimensional(3D)*** 1550 nm,the fiber-to-fiber loss for each express channel is below 2 dB,and across the C and L bands,below 3 *** each input channel to all 4 drop/add channels at 1550 nm,the loss is less than 3.5 dB and less than 5 dB across the C and L *** PDLs for all express and input channels to the 4 drop/add channels are below 0.3 dB over the C band,and the crosstalk is under−50 dB for both the C and L bands.

关键词： polarization ROADM optical

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SCREEN:predicting single-cell gene expression perturbation responses via optimal transport

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 255-257页

作者： Haixin WANG Yunhan WANG Qun JIANG Yan ZHANG Shengquan CHEN Cadre Medical department The 1st Clinical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China School of statistics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Bioinformatics Division of BNRISTDepartment of AutomationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

1 Introduction Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)have enabled the study of how individual cells respond to various external perturbations such as drug stimulation at gene expression level[1].Precisely inferring perturbation responses allows us to explore how and why individual tumor cells evade cancer treatment,greatly advancing personalized medicine research and deepening our understanding of biological mechanisms[2].However,considering the high costs of sequencing and the complexity of obtaining perturbed samples,utilizing computational methods to predict cellular responses to perturbations holds great potential[2].

关键词： stimulation perturbation deepening

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Identification of tumor-suppressor genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analyses

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Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 187-197页

作者： HENG LI YOUMING LEI GAOFENG LI YUNCHAO HUANG The 2nd department of Thoracic Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityYunnan Tumor HospitalKunming650118China The 1st department of Thoracic Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityYunnan Tumor HospitalKunming650118China department of Geriatric Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China

Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy,and fatalities of the disease exceed 400,000 cases *** squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)has been recognized as the most common pathological form of lung *** comprehensive understanding of molecular features related to LUSC progression has great significance in LUSC prognosis assessment and clinical *** this study,we aim to identify a panel of signature genes closely associated with LUSC,which can provide novel insights into the progression of *** expression profiles were retrieved from public resources including gene expression omnibus(GEO)and the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)*** expressed genes(DEGs)between LUSC specimens and normal lung tissues were identified by bioinformatics analyses.A total of 66 DEGs were identified based on two cohorts of *** plugin of Cytoscape software was utilized for the further analyses of the top 10 candidate hub genes including OGN,ABI3BP,MAMDC2,FGF7,FAM107A,SPARCL1,DCN,COL14A1,and MFAP4 and CHRDL1,which showed significant downregulation in *** LUSC cell lines were used to validate the functions of CHRDL1 and FAM107A through overexpression ***,our data revealed novel candidate tumor-suppressor genes in LUSC,suggesting previously unappreciated mechanisms in the progression of LUSC.

关键词： LUSC DEGs WGCNA PPI network Tumor-suppressor

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Influencing factors for colonoscopic compliance to colorectal cancer screening in outpatients

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2024年第2期41卷 105-106页

作者：谭雪娇 Dept Gastroenterol 1st Affil HospShihezi UnivShihezi 832000

Objective To explore the influencing factors for compliance to colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer in *** Patients aged 40-74 years who visited the outpatient gastroenterology department of 7 tertiary hospitals in 7 regions of Xinjiang from January 2022 to June 2022 were *** for colonoscopy screening were made according to the patient's medical conditions,and the questionnaire was used to collect *** Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of compliant and noncompliant *** logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of compliance to colonoscopy *** A total of 463 valid questionnaires were obtained from 7 centers,in which,427 outpatients(92.2%)followed the recommendation for colonoscopy screening,and 36(7.8%)did *** test results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender,age,education,subjective cognition of intestinal polyps,personal history of colorectal polyps,family history of colorectal cancer,family history of colorectal polyps。

关键词： colorectal outpatient colon

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A case report of bilateral lateral ventricle calcified pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxins

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2024年第1期10卷 67-72页

作者： Xiaolong Qiao Yinan Chen Ying Ji Chaoshi Niu Chuandong Cheng Anhui University of Science and Technology HuainanAnhui 232001People’s Republic of China department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of China1st Tianehu RoadHefeiAnhui 230031People’s Republic of China

Background Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis(CAPNON)is indeed a rare central nervous system lesion that can occur in central nervous system(CNS).Due to its infrequency and limited literature reports,it is challenging to diagnose and manage *** presentation In this intriguing study,we embarked on a quest to uncover the story of a 16-year-old girl who experienced bothersome *** advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),we glimpsed a delicate calcified growth within the lateral ventricles’posterior *** by our unwavering commitment to solving mysteries,we embarked on a surgical journey that not only freed the young patient from her ailment but also shed light on the true nature of her puzzling adversary—a remarkable *** For patients with CAPNON who have multiple or non-respectable lesions,the primary goal is to alleviate *** alleviating the symptoms with partial resection,close monitoring of any residual lesions is *** there is no evidence for disease progression,a strategy of continued close observation is appropriate.

关键词： CAPNON Imaging Pathology Operation

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Surgical prognosis and influencing factors in 406 patients with primary aldosteronism

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2024年第2期41卷 88-89页

作者：张益鑫 Dept Endocrinol 1st Affil HospChongqing Med UnivChongqing 400016

Objective To evaluate postoperative biochemical and clinical remission rates in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism and analyze related influencing *** A total of 406 patients of primary aldosteronism with confirmed subtyping,who underwent adrenalectomy and completed follow-up inthe department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2013to March 2022 were retrospectively enrolled.

关键词： patients clinical Surgical

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