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Simulation of roof snow loads based on a multi-layer snowmelt model:Impact of building heat transfer

Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 907-932页

作者： Xuanyi Zhou Heng Chen Yue Wu Tiange Zhang state {1. laboratory of disaster reduction in civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

To investigate the impact of building heat transfer on roof snow loads,roof snow loads and snow load thermal coefficients from 61.Chinese sites over a period of 50 years are simulated based on basic meteorological data such as temperature,humidity,wind speed,and precipitation,and a multi-layer snowmelt model considering the building heat ***,the accuracy of the multi-layer snowmelt model is validated using the data of observed ground snow load and roof snow melting *** relationship between meteorological conditions,snow cover characteristics,and thermal coefficients of snow loads in three representative sites is then ***,the characteristics of thermal coefficients in each zone are analyzed by combining them with the statistical results of meteorological data from 1.60 to 201.,and the equations of thermal coefficients in different zones on indoor temperatures and roof heat transfer coefficients are fitted ***,the equations in this paper are compared with the thermal coefficients in the main snow load *** results indicate that the snowmelt model using basic meteorological data can effectively provide samples of roof snow *** the cold zone where the snow cover lasts for a long time and does not melt easily,the thermal coefficients of the snow loads on the heating buildings are lower than those in the warm zone due to the long-term influence of the heat from inside the *** coefficients are negatively correlated with indoor temperatures and roof heat transfer *** the indoor temperature is too low or the roof insulation is good,the roof snow load may exceed the ground snow *** thermal coefficients for heated buildings in the main snow load codes are more conservative than those calculated in this paper,and the thermal coefficients for buildings with lower indoor temperatures tend to be smaller.

关键词： snowmelt model roof snow load building heat transfer thermal coefficient load code

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A unified stochastic damage model for concrete based on multi-scale energy dissipation analysis

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 863-877页

作者： GUO ChengGong LI Jie College of civil {1. Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China state {1. laboratory of disaster reduction in civil engineering Shanghai 200092China

This work proposes a unified damage model for concrete within the framework of stochastic damage mechanics. Based on the micro-meso stochastic fracture model(MMSF), the nonlinear energy dissipation process of the microspring from nanoscale to microscale is investigated. In nanoscale, the rate process theory is adopted to describe the crack growth rate;therefore, the corresponding energy dissipation caused by a representative crack propagation can be obtained. The scale gap from nanoscale to microscale is bridged by a crack hierarchy model. Thus, the total energy dissipated by all cracks from the nanoscale to the microscale is gained. It is found that the fracture strain of the microspring can be derived from the above multi-scale energy dissipation analysis. When energy dissipation is regarded as some microdamage to the microspring, the constitutive law of the microspring is no longer linearly elastic, as previously assumed. By changing the expression of the damage evolution law from fracture strain to energy dissipation threshold, the new damage evolution model is derived. The proposed model can not only replicate the original static model but also extend to cases of rate dependence. By deriving the fracture strain under different strain rates, the rate sensitivity of concrete materials can be reflected. The model parameters can be conveniently obtained by identifying them with experimental data. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed model.

关键词： concrete damage model stochastic damage rate dependent energy dissipation

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A modern survey method for determining live loads based on multi-source and open-access data on the Internet

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Frontiers of Structural and civil {1. 2024年第8期18卷 1135-1147页

作者： Chi XU Jun CHEN Jie LI School of civil {1. Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China The state {1. laboratory on disaster reduction in civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Sufficient survey data are required to describe the stochastic behaviors of live ***,due to manual and on-site operation required by traditional survey methods,traditional surveys face challenges like occupant resistance,high costs,and long implementation *** study proposes a new survey method to access live load data online and *** samples are acquired from multi-source,open-access and dynamically updated data on the *** change intervals,geometrical dimensions and object quantities are obtained from transaction information,building attributes and virtual reality models on real estate websites,*** object weights are collected from commodity information on e-commerce *** integration of the aforementioned data allows for the extraction of necessary statistics to describe a live load *** proposed method is applied to a live load survey in China,covering 20040 m^(2),with around 90000 samples acquired for object weights and load *** survey results reveal that about 70%−80%of the amplitude statistics are attributable to 1.6 of the total object types.

关键词： live load online survey method data acquisition data integration

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Development of component stiffness equations for thread-fixed one-side bolt connections to an enclosed rectangular hollow section column under tension

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Frontiers of Structural and civil {1. 2024年第4期18卷 568-586页

作者： Fu-Wei WU Yuan-Qi LI Department of Structural engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China state {1. laboratory of disaster reduction in civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The derivation and validation of analytical equations for predicting the tensile initial stiffness of threadfixed one-side bolts(TOBs),connected to enclosed rectangular hollow section(RHS)columns,is presented in this *** unknown stiffness components are considered:the TOBs connection and the enclosed RHS ***,the trapezoidal thread of TOB,as an equivalent cantilevered beam subjected to uniformly distributed loads,is analyzed to determine the associated *** on the findings,the thread-shank serial-parallel stiffness model of TOB connection is *** analysis of the tensile stiffness of the enclosed RHS face due to two bolt forces,the four sidewalls are treated as rotation constraints,thus reducing the problem to a two-dimensional plate *** to the load superposition method,the deflection of the face plate is resolved into three components under various boundary and load *** to the plate deflection theory of Timoshenko,the analytical solutions for the three deflections are derived in terms of the variables of bolt spacing,RHS thickness,height to width ratio,***,the validity of the above stiffness equations is verified by a series of finite element(FE)models of T-stub *** proposed component stiffness equations are an effective supplement to the component-based method.

关键词： initial stiffness component based method thread-fixed one-side bolt rectangular hollow sections analytical equation

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Determination method of mesh size for numerical simulation of blast load in near-ground detonation

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第8期38卷 111-125页

作者： Doudou Si Zuanfeng Pan Haipeng Zhang College of civil {1. Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China state {1. Lab of disaster reduction in civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

In order to improve the overall resilience of the urban infrastructures, it is required to conduct blast resistant design for important building structures in the city. For complex terrain in the city, it is recommended to determine the blast load on the structures via numerical simulation. Since the mesh size of the numerical model highly depends on the explosion scenario, there is no generally applicable approach for the mesh size selection. An efficient method to determine the mesh size of the numerical model of near-ground detonation based on explosion scenarios is proposed in this study. The effect of mesh size on the propagation of blast wave under different explosive weights was studied, and the correlations between the mesh size effect and the charge weight or the scaled distance was described. Based on the principle of the finite element method and Hopkinson-Cranz scaling law, a mesh size measurement unit related to the explosive weight was proposed as the criterion for determining the mesh size in the numerical simulation. Finally, the applicability of the method proposed in this paper was verified by comparing the results from numerical simulation and the explosion tests and was verified in AUTODYN.

关键词： Blast load Mesh size effect Numerical simulation Scaled mesh size Verification

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Earthquake disaster chain model based on complex networks for urban {1. systems

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2024年第3期40卷 230-237页

作者： Lu Zheng Yan Deyu Jiang Huanjun Department of disaster Mitigation for Structures Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China state {1. laboratory of disaster reduction in civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

According to news reports on severe earthquakes since 2008,a total of 51.cases with magnitudes of 6.0 or above were analyzed,and 1. frequently occurring secondary disasters were identified.A disaster chain model was developed using principles from complex network *** vulnerability and risk level of each edge in this model were calculated,and high-risk edges and disaster chains were *** analysis reveals that the edge“floods→building collapses”has the highest *** measures to mitigate this edge is crucial for delaying the spread of secondary *** highest risk is associated with the edge“building collapses→casualties,”and increased risks are also identified for chains such as“earthquake→building collapses→casualties,”“earthquake→landslides and debris flows→dammed lakes,”and“dammed lakes→floods→building collapses.”Following an earthquake,the prompt implementation of measures is crucial to effectively disrupt these chains and minimize the damage from secondary disasters.

关键词： earthquake disaster chain seismic resilience secondary disaster complex network vulnerability risk level

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Anisotropic swelling pressures of compacted GMZ bentonite infiltrated with salt solutions

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3772-3785页

作者： Jing Ma Yong-Gui Chen Ling-Yan Jia Wei-Min Ye Dong-Bei Wu Qiong Wang Department of Geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China state {1. laboratory of disaster reduction in civil engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China School of Chemical Science and engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

In the high-level radioactive waste(HLW)deep geological repository,bentonite is compacted uniaxially,and then arranged vertically in engineered *** assembly scheme induces the initial anisotropy,and with hydration,it develops more evidently under chemical *** investigate the anisotropic swelling of compacted Gaomiaozi(GMZ)bentonite and the further response to saline effects,a series of constant-volume swelling pressure tests were *** showed that dry density enhanced the bentonite swelling and raised the final anisotropy,whereas saline inhibited the bentonite swelling but still promoted the final *** final anisotropy coefficient(ratio of radial to axial pressure)obeyed the Boltzmann sigmoid attenuation function,decreasing with concentration and dry density,converging to a minimum value of *** staged evolution of anisotropy coefficient was discovered,that saline inhibited the rise of the anisotropy coefficient(Dd)in the isotropic process greater than the valley(d1.in the anisotropic process,leading to the final anisotropy *** isotropic stage amplified the impact of soil structure rearrangement on the macro-swelling pressure ***,a new method for predicting swelling pressures of compacted bentonite was proposed,by expanding the equations of Gouy-Chapman theory with a dissipative wedge *** evolutionary function was constructed,revealing the correlation between the occurrence time and the pressure value due to the structure rearrangement and the former crystalline ***,a design reference for dry density was given,based on the chemical conditions around the pre-site in Beishan,*** anisotropy promoted by saline would cause a greater drop of radial pressure,making the previous threshold on axial swelling fail.

关键词： HLW deep geological repository Compacted GMZ bentonite Anisotropic swelling pressure Multi-scale structure Saline effect

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基于物理信息引导深度学习的建筑响应实时预测方法

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engineering 2024年第4期35卷 140-157页

作者： Ying Zhou Shiqiao Meng Yujie Lou Qingzhao Kong state {1. laboratory of disaster reduction in civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

High-precision and efficient structural response prediction is essential for intelligent disaster prevention and mitigation in building structures,including post-earthquake damage assessment,structural health monitoring,and seismic resilience assessment of *** improve the accuracy and efficiency of structural response prediction,this study proposes a novel physics-informed deep-learning-based realtime structural response prediction method that can predict a large number of nodes in a structure through a data-driven training method and an autoregressive training *** proposed method includes a Phy-Seisformer model that incorporates the physical information of the structure into the model,thereby enabling higher-precision *** were conducted on a four-story masonry structure,an eleven-story reinforced concrete irregular structure,and a twenty-one-story reinforced concrete frame structure to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed *** addition,the effectiveness of the structure in the Phy-Seisformer model was verified using an ablation ***,by conducting a comparative experiment,the impact of the range of seismic wave amplitudes on the prediction accuracy was *** experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve very high accuracy and at least 5000 times faster calculation speed than finite element calculations for different types of building structures.

关键词： Structural seismic response prediction Physics information informed Real-time prediction Earthquake engineering Data-driven machine learning

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The shear strength of the interface between artificial rock and printed concrete at super-early ages

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Frontiers of Structural and civil {1. 2024年第1期18卷 51-65页

作者： Yong Yuan Xiaoyun Wang Jiao-Long Zhang Yaxin Tao Kim Van Tittelboom Luc Taerwe Geert De Schutter College of civil {1. Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China state {1. laboratory of disaster reduction in civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Belgium-China Joint laboratory for Industrialized Construction Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Magnel-Vandepitte laboratory for Structural {1. and Building Materials Ghent UniversityGhent 9052Belgium

3D concrete printing has the potential to replace shotcrete for construction of linings of tunnels in hard *** shear strength of the interface between rock and printed concrete is vital,especially at super-early ***,traditional methods for testing the shear strength of the interface,e.g.,the direct shear test,are time-consuming and result in a high variability for fast-hardening printed *** this paper,a new fast bond shear test is *** test can be completed in 1.min,with another 2 min for preparing the next *** influence of the matrix composition,the age of the printed matrices,and the interface roughness of the artificial rock substrate on the shear strength of the interface was experimentally *** tests were conducted at the age of the matrices at the 1.t,the 4th,the 8th,the 1.th,the 32nd,and the 64th min after its final setting.A dimensionless formula was established to calculate the shear strength,accounting for the age of the printed matrices,the interface roughness,and the shear failure *** was validated by comparing the calculated results and the experimental results of one group of samples.

关键词： rock tunnel printed concrete interface fast bond shear test shear strength

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Simulation of Corrosion-Induced Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Based on Fracture Phase Field Method

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2257-2276页

作者： Xiaozhou Xia Changsheng Qin Guangda Lu Xin Gu Qing Zhang College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China state {1. laboratory of disaster reduction in civil engineering&College of civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

Accurate simulation of the cracking process caused by rust expansion of reinforced concrete(RC)structures plays an intuitive role in revealing the corrosion-induced failure *** the quasi-brittle fracture of concrete,the fracture phase field driven by the compressive-shear term is constructed and added to the traditional brittle fracture phase field *** rationality of the proposed model is verified by a mixed fracture example under a shear displacement ***,the extended fracture phase model is applied to simulate the corrosion-induced cracking process of *** cracking patterns caused by non-uniform corrosion expansion are discussed for RC specimens with homogeneous macroscopically or heterogeneous with different polygonal aggregate distributions at the mesoscopic ***,the effects of the protective layer on the crack propagation trajectory and cracking resistance are investigated,illustrating that the cracking angle and cracking resistance increase with the increase of the protective layer thickness,consistent with the experimental ***,the corrosion-induced cracking process of concrete specimens with large and small spacing rebars is simulated,and the interaction of multiple corrosion cracking is easily influenced by the reinforcement spacing,which increases with the decrease of the steel bar *** conclusions play an important role in the design of engineering anti-corrosion *** fracture phase field model can provide strong support for the life assessment of RC structures.

关键词： Fracture phase field corrosion-induced cracking non-uniform corrosion expansion protective layer thickness reinforcement concrete

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