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Leading Pattern of Spring Drought Variability over East Asia and Associated Drivers

Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第1期30卷 1-10页

作者：赵庆红杨崧田红瑛邓开强 School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Guangdong Province Key laboratory for {1. Change and Natural Disaster studies Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 China

Drought events have become more frequent and intense over East Asia in recent decades,leading to huge socioeconomic *** the droughts have been studied extensively by cases or for individual regions,their leading variability and associated causes remain *** on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)and ERA5 reanalysis product from 1.79 to 2020,this study evealuates the severity of spring droughts in East Asia and investigates their variations and associated *** results indicate that North China and Mongolia have experienced remarkable trends toward dryness during spring in recent decades,while southwestern China has witnessed an opposite trend toward *** first Empirical Orthogonal Function mode of SPEI variability reveals a similar seesawing pattern,with more severe dryness in northwestern China,Mongolia,North China,South Korea,and Japan but increased wetness in Southwestern China and southeast *** investigation reveals that the anomalously dry(wet)surface in North(Southwestern)China is significantly associated with anomalously high(low)temperature,less(more)precipitation,and reduced(increased)soil moisture during the previous winter and early spring,regulated by an anomalous anticyclone(cyclone)and thus reduced(increased)water vapor *** spring dry-wet pattern in East Asia is also linked to cold sea surface temperature anomalies in the central-eastern *** findings of this study have important implications for improving the prediction of spring drought events in East Asia.

关键词： drought leading pattern East Asia spring drivers

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ResoNet:Robust and Explainable ENSO Forecasts with Hybrid Convolution and Transformer Networks

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1289-1298页

作者： Pumeng LYU Tao TANG Fenghua LING Jing-Jia LUO Niklas BOERS Wanli OUYANG Lei BAI Shanghai Artificial Intelligence laboratory Shanghai 200072China Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory Hangzhou 310002China Institute for climate and Application Research(ICAR) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Technical University of Munich Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPotsdam 14473Germany

Recent studies have shown that deep learning(DL)models can skillfully forecast El Niño–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)events more than 1.5 years in ***,concerns regarding the reliability of predictions made by DL methods persist,including potential overfitting issues and lack of ***,we propose ResoNet,a DL model that combines CNN(convolutional neural network)and transformer *** hybrid architecture enables our model to adequately capture local sea surface temperature anomalies as well as long-range inter-basin interactions across *** show that ResoNet can robustly predict ENSO at lead times of 1. months,thus outperforming existing approaches in terms of the forecast *** to an explainability method applied to ResoNet predictions of El Niño and La Niña from 1.to 1.-month leads,we find that it predicts the Niño-3.4 index based on multiple physically reasonable mechanisms,such as the recharge oscillator concept,seasonal footprint mechanism,and Indian Ocean capacitor ***,we demonstrate for the first time that the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña development can be captured by *** results could help to alleviate skepticism about applying DL models for ENSO prediction and encourage more attempts to discover and predict {1. phenomena using AI methods.

关键词： deep learning ENSO CNN transformer

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RNAirport:a deep neural network-based database characterizing representative gene models inplants

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第6期51卷 652-664页

作者： Sitao Zhu Shu Yuan Ruixia Niu Yulu Zhou Zhao Wang Guoyong Xu State Key laboratory of Hybrid Rice Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China Hubei Hongshan laboratory WuhanHubei 430070China

A 5'-leader,known initially as the 5'-untranslated region,contains multiple isoforms due to alternative splicing(aS)and alternative transcription start site(aTSS).Therefore,a representative 5'-leader is demanded to examine the embedded RNA regulatory elements in controlling translation ***,we develop a ranking algorithm and a deep-learning model to annotate representative 5'-leaders for five plant *** rank the intra-sample and inter-sample frequency of aS-mediated transcript isoforms using the Kruskal-Wallis test-based algorithm and identify the representative aS-5'-*** further assign a representative 5'-end,we train the deep-learning model 5'leaderP to learn aTsS-mediated 5'-end distribution patterns from cap-analysis gene expression *** model accurately predicts the 5'-end,confirmed experimentally in Arabidopsis and *** representative 5'-leader-contained gene models and 5'leaderP can be accessed at RNAirport(http:/***/leader5P/).The Stage 1.annotation of 5'-leader records 5'-leader diversity and will pave the way to Ribo-Seq open-reading frame annotation,identical to the project recently initiated by human GENCODE.

关键词： 5'-leader Transcript isoforms RNA regulatory elements UORF Deep learning Synthetic biology Translational control

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Accurate Shortwave Radiation Simulation with a Two-Layer Aerosol Model in Xinjiang Region

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 69-87页

作者： Guan HUANG Yonghang CHEN Qiong LIU Pengtao WANG Qianshan HE Qing HE Shuai LI Weiling SHAO Ting FAN School of Tourism&Research Institute of Human Geography Xi’an International Studies UniversityXi’an 710128 Center for Silk Road and Eurasian Civilization studies Xi’an International Studies UniversityXi’an 710128 College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620 Shanghai Meteorological Service Shanghai 200030 Shanghai Key laboratory of Meteorology and Health Shanghai 200030 Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological Administration Institute of Desert MeteorologyUrumqi 830002 Xinjiang climate Centre Xinjiang Meteorological ServiceUrumqi 830002

To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1.A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)*** results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was *** parameter adjustment and using the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aerosol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 201. to *** annual average DSSR_(SBD)under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 201.–201. was 606.78 W m^(-2),while DSSR from CERES(DSSR_(CER))under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m^(-2)).(5)It is found that satellite remote sensing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could ser

关键词： downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR) aerosol vertical distribution Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES) Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART) Xinjiang

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Representation of the Stratospheric Circulation in CRA-40 Reanalysis:The Arctic Polar Vortex and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 894-914页

作者： Zixu WANG Shirui YAN Jinggao HU Jiechun DENG Rongcai REN Jian RAO Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key laboratory for Semi-Arid {1. Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The representation of the Arctic stratospheric circulation and the quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO)during the period 1.81.201. in a 40-yr Chinese global reanalysis dataset(CRA-40)is evaluated by comparing two widely used reanalysis datasets,ERA-5 and ***-40 demonstrates a comparable performance with ERA-5 and MERRA-2 in characterizing the winter and spring circulation in the lower and middle Arctic ***,differences in the climatological polar-mean temperature and polar night jet among the three reanalyses are within±0.5 K and±0.5 m s^(–1.,*** onset dates of the stratospheric sudden warming and stratospheric final warming events at 1. hPa in CRA-40,together with the dynamics and circulation anomalies during the onset process of warming events,are nearly identical to the other two reanalyses with slight *** contrast,the CRA-40 dataset demonstrates a deteriorated performance in describing the QBO below 1. hPa compared to the other two reanalysis products,manifested by the larger easterly biases of the QBO index,the remarkably weaker amplitude of the QBO,and the weaker wavelet power of the QBO *** pronounced biases are mainly concentrated in the period 1.81.98 and largely reduced by at least 39%in 1.99–***,particular caution is needed in studying the QBO based on *** three reanalyses exhibit greater disagreement in the upper stratosphere compared to the lower and middle stratosphere for both the polar region and the tropics.

关键词： CRA-40 ERA-5 MERRA-2 Arctic stratosphere the QBO

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Recent studies on Attributions of {1. Change in China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2005年第4期19卷 389-400页

作者：赵宗慈丁一汇罗勇王绍武 laboratory for {1. studies of China Meteorological Administration National Climate Center Beijing 100081 Department of Atmospheric Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871

Attributions of floods/cooler along the Yangtze River Valley anddroughts/warmer in North China for the last 25 years have been reviewed in this paper. Both naturalclimate variability and human activities are considered. Some stronger evidences contributed to thenatural climate variability, such as decadal and interdecadal variabilities of East Asian summermonsoon, the periodicities and transitions of rainfall and temperature changes in China, abruptclimate change, NAO, AO, AAO, ENSO, and snow cover. The signals produced by the human activitiessuch as greenhouse gases and 'brown clouds' likely play the role for the patterns. But the physicalfeedbacks and mechanisms still keep ambiguous and vague. More researches should be carried out infuture to solve this issue.

关键词： floods/droughts the yangtze river valley north China attribution the last25 years

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Increased glacier melt enhances future extreme floods in the southern Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 431-441页

作者： He SUN Tan-Dong YAO Feng-Ge SU Tinghai Ou Zhihua HE Guoqiang TANG Deliang CHEN State Key laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Regional climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Centre for Hydrology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 1K2Canada climate and Global Dynamics National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulder CO 80307USA

Mountainous areas are of special hydrological concern because topography and atmospheric conditions can result in large and sudden floods,posing serious risks to water-related safety in neighbouring *** Yarlung Zangbo(YZ)River basin is the largest river basin on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),but how floods will discharge in this basin and how the role of glacier melt in floods will change throughout the 21.t-century under shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)remain ***,we comprehensively address this scientific question based on a well-validated large-scale glacier-hydrology *** results indicate that extreme floods was projected to increase in the YZ basin,and was mainly reflected in increased duration(4–1. d per decade)and intensity(1.3–985 m^(3)s^(−1.per decade).Glacier runoff was projected to increase(2–30 mm per decade)throughout the 21.t-century,but there was also a noticeable decrease or deceleration in glacier runoff growth in the late first half of the century under the SSP2-4.5,and in the latter half of the century under the *** melt was projected to enhance the duration(1.%–23%)and intensity(1.%–21.)of extreme floods under both SSPs,which would aggravate the impact of future floods on the socioeconomics of the YZ *** effect was gradually overwhelmed by precipitation-induced floods from glacier areas to YZ *** study takes the YZ basin as a projection framework example to help enrich the understanding of future flood hazards in basins affected by rainfall-or meltwater across the TP,and to help policy-makers and water managers develop future plans.

关键词： floods glacier Tibetan

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Brightness enhancement on random-distributed-feedback Raman fiber lasers pumped by multimode diodes

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 69-76页

作者： Xiulu Hao Chenchen Fan Yang Li Zhiyong Pan Jinyong Leng Tianfu Yao Bing Lei Pu Zhou College of Advanced Interdisciplinary studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina Nanhu Laser laboratory National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina

The power scaling on short wavelength(SW)fiber lasers operating around 1.m are in significant demand for applications in energy,environment and *** challenge for performance scalability of high-power SW lasers based on rare-earth-doped fiber primarily lies in the physical limitations,including reabsorption,amplified spontaneous emission and parasitic laser ***,we demonstrate an all-fiberized,purely passive SW(1.1. nm)randomdistributed-feedback Raman fiber laser(RRFL)to validate the capability of achieving high-power output at SWs based on multimode laser diodes(LDs)direct *** pumped by multimode LDs,the high-brightness RRFL delivers over 656 W,with an electro-optical efficiency of 20%relative to the *** slope efficiency is 94%.The beam quality M2factor is 2.9(which is~20 times that of the pump)at the maximum output signal power,achieving the highest brightness enhancement of 1..9 in *** the best of our knowledge,this achievement also represents the highest power record of RRFLs utilizing multimode diodes for direct *** work may not only provide a new insight into the realization of high-power,high-brightness RRFLs but also is a promising contender in the power scaling of SWs below 1.m.

关键词： fiber laser purely passive gain random distributed feedback stimulated Raman scattering

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Global and regional soil organic carbon estimates:Magnitudes and uncertainties

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 685-698页

作者： Ziqi LIN Yongjiu DAI Umakant MISHRA Guocheng WANG Wei SHANGGUAN Wen ZHANG Zhangcai QIN School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Computational Biology&Biophysics Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermore CA 94550USA Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Globally,soil is the largest terrestrial carbon(C)*** quantification of soil organic C(SOC)stocks in existing global observation-based estimates avails accurate predictions in carbon-climate feedbacks and future climate *** investigated the magnitudes and distributions of global and regional SOC estimates(i.e.,density and stocks)based on five widely used global gridded SOC datasets,a regional permafrost dataset developed in 2021.UM2021.,and a global-scale soil profile database(World Soil Information Service)reporting measurements of a series of physical and chemical edaphic *** five global gridded SOC datasets were the Harmonized World Soil Database(HWSD),World Inventory of Soil Emission Potentials at 30 arc-second resolution(WISE30sec),Global Soil Dataset for Earth System Models(GSDE),Global Gridded Soil Information at 250-m resolution(SoilGrids250m),and Global Soil Organic Carbon Map(GSOCmap).Our analyses showed that the magnitude and distribution of SOC varied widely among datasets,with certain datasets showing region-specific *** the global scale,SOC stocks at the top 30 and 1.0 cm were estimated to be 828(range:577–1.71.and 1.73(range:1.86–2678)Pg C,*** estimates from GSDE,GSOCmap,and WISE30sec were comparable,and those of SoilGrids250m and HWSD were at the upper and lower *** spatial SOC distribution varied greatly among datasets,especially in the northern circumpolar and Tibetan Plateau permafrost ***,UM2021.and WISE30sec performed well in the northern circumpolar permafrost regions,and GSDE performed well in *** estimates of SOC by different datasets also showed large variabilities across different soil layers and *** discrepancies were generally smaller for the 0–30 cm soil than the 0–1.0 cm *** datasets demonstrated relatively higher agreement in grasslands,croplands,and shrublands/savannas than in other biomes(e.g.,wetlands).The users should be mindful of the gaps b

关键词： biome carbon cycle Earth System Models permafrost region soil dataset soil map

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Compound extreme inundation risk of coastal wetlands caused by climate change and anthropogenic activities in the Yellow River Delta,China

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Advances in climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 134-147页

作者： Xiao-Li WANG Ai-Qing FENG Xi-Yong HOU Qing-Chen CHAO Bai-Yuan SONG Yu-Bin LIU Qi-Guang WANG He XU Yu-Xin ZHANG Dong Li Li-Jie DONG Yu GUO CAS Key laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China Shandong Key laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes Yantai 264003China China Meteorological Administration Key laboratory for {1. Prediction studies National Climate CentreBeijing 100081China Tongji Urban Planning Design Research Institute Shanghai 200092China School of Geography and Tourism Qilu Normal UniversityJinan 250200China China Meteorological Administration Training Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 10008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China

The coastal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta(YRD)in China are crucial for their valuable resources,environmental significance,and economic ***,these wetlands are also vulnerable to the dual threats of climate change and human *** substantial attention to the historical shifts in YRD's coastal wetlands,uncertainties remain regarding their future trajectory in the face of compound risks from climate change and anthropogenic *** on a range of remote sensing data sources,this study undertakes a comprehensive investigation into the evolution of YRD's coastal wetlands between 2000 and ***,the potential fate of coastal wetlands is thoroughly analyzed through the Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC)simulation using System Dynamic-Future Land Use Simulation(SD-FLUS)model and the extreme water levels projection integrated future sea-level rise,storm surge,and astronomical high tide in 2030,2050,and 21.0 under scenarios of SSP1.2.6,SSP2-4.5,and *** revealed that YRD's coastal wetlands underwent a marked reduction,shrinking by 1.88.72 km²from 2000 to *** decline was mostly attributed to the substantial expansion in the areas of artificial wetlands(increasing by 823.78 km2),construction land(increasing by 767.71.km²),and shallow water(increasing by 274.58 km²).Looking ahead to 2030-21.0,the fate of coastal wetlands appears to diverge based on different *** the SSP1.2.6 scenario,the area of coastal wetland is projected to experience considerable *** contrast,the SSP5-8.5 scenario anticipates a notable decrease in coastal *** to the inundated area suffered from the current extreme water levels,the study projects a decrease of 6.8%-1..6%in submerged coastal wetlands by 2030 and 9.4%-1..2%by 2050 across all *** 21.0,these percentages are projected to decrease by 0.4%(SSP2-4.5)and 27.1.(SSP5-8.5),but increase by 35.7%(SSP1.2.6).Results suggest that coastal wetlands in th

关键词： climate change Anthropogenic activities Compound extreme risk Coastal wetlands Yellow River Delta

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