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One-year observation of the mixing states of oxygenated organics-containing single particles in Guangzhou,China

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 155-169页

作者： Liyuan Mao Suxia Yang Xiaoya Cheng Sulin Liu Duanying Chen Zhen Zhou Mei Li Chenglei Pei Chunlei Cheng Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for the On-line Source Apportionment System of Air PollutionJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou510632China Guangzhou Research Institute of Environment Protection Co. Ltd.Guangzhou510620China Guangzhou ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province Guangzhou510030China State key {1. of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China State key {1. of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy SciencesXi’an710061China

Oxygenated organic molecules(OOMs)play an important role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs),but the mixing states of OOMs are still *** study investigates the mixing states of OOM-containing single particles from the measurements taken using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in Guangzhou,China in ***,the particle counts of OOM particles and the mass concentration of secondary organic carbon(SOC)exhibited similar temporal trends throughout the entire *** OOM particles were consistently enriched in secondary ions,including ^(1.)O^(−),^(26)CN^(−),^(46)NO_(2)^(−),^(62)NO_(3)^(−),and ^(97)HSO_(4)^(−).In contrast,the number fractions and diurnal patterns of OOM particles among the total detected particles showed similar distributions in August and October;however,the SOC ratios in fine particulate matter were quite different,suggesting that there were different mixing states of single-particle oxygenated *** addition,further classification results indicated that the OOM particles were more aged in October than August,even though the SOC ratios were higher in ***,the distribution of hydrocarbon fragments exhibited a notable decrease from January to October,emphasizing the more aged state of the organics in *** addition,the sharp increase in elemental carbon(EC)-OOM particles in the afternoon in October suggests the potential role of EC in the aging process of ***,in contrast to the bulk analysis of SOC mass concentration,the mixing states of the OOM particles provide insights into the formation process of SOAs in field studies.

关键词： Oxygenated organics Single particles Mixing state Secondary formation Photochemistry

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An efficient molten-salt electro-deoxidation strategy enabling fast-kinetics and long-life aluminum-selenium batteries

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SusMat 2024年第1期4卷 126-139页

作者： Jiguo Tu Zheng Huang Cheng Chang Haiping Lei Shuai Wang Shuqiang Jiao State key {1. of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore School of Metallurgical and ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Aluminum-selenium(Al-Se)batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high capacity,energy density,and cost effectiveness,but Se falls challenges in addressing the shuttle effect of soluble intermediate product and sluggish reaction kinetics in the solid-solid conversion process during ***,we propose an unprecedented design concept for fabricating uniform Se/C hollow microspheres with controllable morphologies through low-temperature electro-deoxidation in neutral NaCl-AlCl_(3) molten salt *** Se/C hollow microspheres are demonstrated to hold a favorable hollow structure for hosting Se,which can not only suppress the dissolution of soluble intermediate products into the electrolyte,thereby maintaining the structural integrity and maximizing Se utilization of the active material,but also promote the electrical/ionic conductivity,thus facilitating the rapid reaction kinetics during ***,the as-prepared Se/C hollow microspheres exhibit a high reversible capacity of 720.1.mAh g^(−1.at 500 mA g^(−1..Even at the high current density of 1.00 mA g^(−1.,Se/C delivers a high discharge capacity of 564.0 mAh g^(−1.,long-term stability over 1.00 cycles and high Coulombic efficiency of 98.6%.This present work provides valuable insights into short-process recovery of advanced Se-containingmaterials and value-added utilization for energy storage.

关键词： aluminum-ion batteries hollow Se/C microspheres long-term cycling stability lowtemperature electro-deoxidation NaCl-AlCl_(3)molten salt

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A deoxidation thermodynamic model for 304 stainless steel considering multiple-components coupled reactions

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 74-91页

作者： Yan Yan Guang-hao Shang Li-ping Zhang Shao-ying Li Han-jie Guo School of Metallurgical and ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing key {1. of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials Beijing100083China Henan Jinhui Stainless Steel Industry Group Co. Ltd.Xuchang461500HenanChina Changge Jinhui Recycling Metal R&D Co. Ltd.Xuchang461500HenanChina

A thermodynamic model for predicting the equilibrium oxygens of 304 stainless steel was developed based on the theory of slag-steel equilibrium,the law of mass conservation,and the ion and molecule coexistence *** the developed model,the Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Al-S-O-melts reaction system and CaO-MgO-CaF_(2)-FeO-MnO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-Cr2O_(3)slags were *** oxygen contents calculated by the model are in good agreement with experimental results and reference *** equilibrium oxygen contents in 304 stainless steel mainly decrease with increasing binary basicity(w(CaO)/w(SiO_(2)),where w(i)is the mass percentage of component i)and decreasing *** binary basicity at 2.0 while maintaining temperatures lower than 1.23 K will keep the oxygen contents in the 304 stainless steel lower than 1.×1.^(-6).The equilibrium oxygen contents may also be decreased with increasing content of MgO in slags,which is more significant at lower binary ***,a small amount of FeO,MnO,and Al_(2)O_(3)(about 0-2.5 wt.%)in slags has little effect on equilibrium oxygen ***,it is found that the[C]-[O]reaction may occur during refining process but will not significantly affect the equilibrium oxygen contents.

关键词： Complex deoxidation Thermodynamic model Ion and molecule coexistence theory 304 stainless steel Slag-steel reaction

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PCR-DGGE Analysis of Nematode Diversity in Cu-Contaminated Soil

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 621-627页

作者： WANG Shi-Bin LI Qi LIANG Wen-Ju JIANG Yong JIANG Si-Wei key {1. of terrestrial ecological process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 （China）.

A wheat pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to assess the effect of copper contamination on soil nematode diversity by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） method and morphological analysis. The soil was treated with CuSO4.5H2O at the following concentrations： 0, 50, 1.0, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg^-1.dry soil, and the soil samples were collected at wheat jointing and ripening stages. Nematode diversity index （H′） from morphological analysis showed no difference between the control and the treated samples in either of the sampling dates. At the wheat ripening stage, nematode diversity obtained by the PCR-DGGE method decreased noticeably in the Cu800 treatment in comparison with the control. With optimization of the method of nematode DNA extraction, PCR-DGGE could give more information on nematode genera, and the intensity of the bands could reflect the abundance of nematode genera in the assemblage. The PCR-DGGE method proved promising in distinguishing nematode diversity in heavy metal coritaminated soil.

关键词： copper contamination morphological analysis nematode diversity PCR-DGGE

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Light Fraction Carbon and Water-Stable Aggregates in Black Soils

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Pedosphere 2007年第1期17卷 97-100页

作者： SHI Yi CHEN Xin SHEN Shan-Min key {1. of terrestrial ecological process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China）

The distribution of light fraction carbon （LF-C） in the various size classes of aggregates and its relationship to water- stable aggregates as well as the influence of cultivation on the organic components in virgin and cultivated black soils were studied by wet sieving and density separation methods. The total organic carbon （TOC） and LF-C were significantly higher （P≤ 0.05） in the virgin soils than in the cultivated soils. The LF-C in aggregates of different size classes varied from 0.9 to 2.5 g kg^-1.in the cultivated soils and from 2.5 to 7.1.g kg^-1.in the virgin soils, whereas the ratio of LF-C to TOC varied from 1.9% to 7.3% and from 5.0% to 1..2%, respectively. After being incubated under constant temperature and controlled humidity for three months, the contribution of LF-C to TOC sharply decreased to an amount （1.7%4.5%） close to the level in soils that had been cultivated for 20 to 25 years （1.3%-8.8%）. As a result, the larger water-stable macro-aggregates （especially 〉 1.mm） decreased sharply, indicating that the LF-C pool in virgin soils declined quickly after cultivation, which reduced the water stability of soil aggregates.

关键词： black soil light fraction carbon water-stable aggregates

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On the use of explainable AI for susceptibility modeling:Examining the spatial pattern of SHAP values

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 14-27页

作者： Nan Wang Hongyan Zhang Ashok Dahal Weiming Cheng Min Zhao Luigi Lombardo key {1. of Geographical processes and ecological Security in Changbai Mountains Ministry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China State key {1. of Resources and Environmental Information Systems Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Twente Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC)PO Box 217EnschedeAE 7500Netherlands University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographic Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies Nanjing 210093China State key {1. of Earth Surface processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China key {1. of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Geodata and Analysis Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Hydro-morphological processes(HMP,any natural phenomenon contained within the spectrum defined between debris flows and flash floods)are globally occurring natural hazards which pose great threats to our society,leading to fatalities and economical *** this reason,understanding the dynamics behind HMPs is needed to aid in hazard and risk *** this work,we take advantage of an explainable deep learning model to extract global and local interpretations of the HMP occurrences across the whole Chinese *** use a deep neural network architecture and interpret the model results through the spatial pattern of SHAP *** doing so,we can understand the model prediction on a hierarchical basis,looking at how the predictor set controls the overall susceptibility as well as doing the same at the level of the single mapping *** model accurately predicts HMP occurrences with AUC values measured in a ten-fold cross-validation ranging between 0.83 and *** level of predictive performance attests for an excellent prediction *** main difference with respect to traditional statistical tools is that the latter usually lead to a clear interpretation at the expense of high performance,which is otherwise reached via machine/deep learning solutions,though at the expense of *** recent development of explainable Al is the {1. to combine both *** this work,we explore this combination in the context of HMP susceptibility ***,we demonstrate the extent to which one can enter a new level of data-driven interpretation,supporting the decision-making process behind disaster risk mitigation and prevention actions.

关键词： Hydro-morphological processes SHAP maps Explainable AI China

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Drought shifts soil nematode trophic groups and mediates the heterotrophic respiration

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第2期17卷 100-109页

作者： Cancan Zhao Yuanhu Shao Huijie Lu Aimée T.Classen Zuyan Wang Ying Li Yanchun Liu Zhongling Yang Guoyong Li Shenglei Fu International Joint Research laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem Zhengzhou 450046China key {1. of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of EducationCollege of Environment and PlanningHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Henan key {1. of Integrated Air Pollution Control and ecological Security Kaifeng 475004China Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Department of Natural Resource of Henan Province Institute of Natural Resources Survey and PlanningZhengzhou 450000China

As the most diverse metazoan taxa,soil nematodes serve a diversity of functions in soil food webs and thus can regulate microbial community composition and affect organic matter decomposition and nutrient turnover *** nematodes depend on water flms to access food resources,drought can negatively affect nematode-microbial food webs,yet the impacts of drought on nematode diversity and abundance and how these changes may infuence food web members and their functions are hardly ***,we coupled research along a drought gradient in arid and semiarid grasslands with a detailed intact plant-soil microcosm experiment to explore the patterns and mechanisms of how drought impacts nematode abundance and carbon footprint,microbial phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)and heterotrophic soil ***,in the feld and the microcosm experiments,we found that nematode abundance,carbon footprint and diversity,microbial PLFA and heterotrophic respiration were reduced under drier *** addition,drought altered nematode and microbial community composition,through reducing the nematode channel ratio and increasing the relative fungivorous nematode abundance and the fungal to bacterial *** soil decomposition channel shifted from a bacterial to a fungal pathway in response to drought,indicating decelerated heterotrophic respiration under *** results highlight the important contribution of soil nematodes and their associated microbial food web to soil carbon *** fndings underscore the need to incorporate key soil fauna into {1. ecosystem model evaluation.

关键词： soil biota fungal energy channel bacterial energy channel carbon footprint arid grassland

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Plant-based milk alleviates antibiotics-induced intestinal barrier damage associated with modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Xiaoyan Ma Yashu Chen Zhenxia Xu Chao Wang Xu Wang Zhitao Chen Shufang Xu Chen Yang Qianchun Deng Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Oil Crops and Lipids process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering {1.， Hubei key {1. of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition， key {1. of Oilseeds processing， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs key {1. of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education)， Hubei key {1. of Industrial Microbiology， Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation， Hubei University of Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Department of Gastroenterology， The Central Hospital of Wuhan， Tongji Medical College， Huazhong University of Science and Technology Clinical Nutrition Department， The Central Hospital of Wuhan， Tongji Medical College， Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Plant-based milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids， polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effect of three plant-based milk (flaxseed milk， oat milk and soy milk) on the ceftriaxone-induced intestinal disorders， and compared the regulation patterns associated with gut microbiome and metabolome. The results showed plant-based milk alleviated the ceftriaxone caused cecum swelling， colonic tissue damage and intestinal microecological disorders. Meanwhile， administered plant-based milk decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)， interleukin (IL-6)， interleukin (IL-1.) and oxidative stresses (malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the colon， as well as increasing the levels of tight junction proteins (Occludin， Claudin-1. and ZO-1. in the colon. Moreover， administration of plant-based milk modulated the intestinal microbiota by promoting the relative levels of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium)， and inhibiting the harmful bacteria genus (Enterococcus). Furthermore， plant-based milk treatment significantly modulated glycerophospholipids metabolism (e.g. glycerophosphocholine) and arachidonic acid metabolism (e.g. prostaglandin G2 and arachidonic acid) in the serum. In conclusion， plant-based milk could alleviate antibiotic-related imbalance of barrier function damage， gut microbiota disorders and the reduction of metabolic disorders， which lays a foundation for exploring anti-inflammatory and intestinal micro-ecological approach to plant-based milk.

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 210-216页

作者： YANG Chun-lu SUN Tie-hang HE Wen-xiang ZHOU Qi-xing CHEN Su key {1. of Environmental Engineering Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China key {1. of terrestrial ecological process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 1.%-1.%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 1.%-21.） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.

关键词： chlorimuron-ethyl furadan mercury soil urease combined pollution

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Short-term toxic effects of chlorobenzenes on broadbean (Vicia faba) seedlings

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第z1期48卷 33-39页

作者： LIU Wan LI Peijun ZHOU Qixing SUN Tieheng TAI Peidong XU Huaxia key {1. of terrestrial ecological process Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The root growth,changes in superoxide dismutase(SOD,EC 1.***.1.1.activity,malonyldialdehyde(MDA)and total soluble protein level of broadbean(Vicia faba)seedlings were researched at different soil concentrations of chlorobenzene(CB),1.2,4-trichlorobenzene(TCB)and hexachlorobenzene(HCB).The results showed that root growth of seedlings was interrupted after 5d of 50-200μg·g^(-1.TCB *** a 3 d of recovery period,root growth was,however,restored to some extent although there was a delay in returning to the control *** total soluble protein content in seedlings increased with TCB concentration and duration of *** of TCB stress on SOD activity in seedlings displayed a significant dose-effect relationship for 1.5 d of 50-200μg·g^(-1.*** broadbean seedlings were placed in clean tap water for 3 d following exposure to 5 d of TCB stress to clear tap water for 3 d,SOD activity at 50μg·g^(-1.TCB recovered towards control level(P>0.05)while a significant increase in SOD activity was observed at 1.0 and 200μg·g^(-1.TCB compared to control(P1.0 and 200μg·g^(-1.TCB treatment(P1.,and there was a positive correlation between TCB concentration and MDA *** the above results showed that SOD activity and MDA level of broadbean seedlings might be proposed as the biomarkers for short-term TCB contamination in *** to TCB,the toxicity of 50-1.00μg·g^(-1.CB or HCB in soil to broadbean seedlings was not observed after a 3 d exposure.

关键词： soil chlorobenzenes contamination broadbean SOD activity Biomarkers recovery

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