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genetic Relationship between Sweet grain Sorghum and the Other Sorghum Types Cultivated in Burkina Faso Assessed with nuclear Microsatellite Markers SSRs

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american Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第6期13卷 872-883页

作者： Josiane Tiendrebéogo nerbéwendé Sawadogo Mariam Kiébré Zakaria Kiébré Sévérin Tuina Tégawendé Alphonse Sawadogo Kiswendsida Romaric nanema Renan Ernest Traoré Mahamadi Hamed Ouédraogo Mahamadou Sawadogo équipe génétique et amélioration des plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso, sweet grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is generally cultivated in association with several other types of sorghum. However, the lack of information on the genetic relationship between this sorghum and grain sorghum as well as sweet stalk sorghum hinders the efficient management of its genetic resources. Thus, 34 sorghum accessions consisting of 14-grain sorghum, 10-sweet stalk sorghum, and 10 sweet grain sorghum were evaluated using 15 nuclear microsatellites markers (SSRs) to determine their genetic relationship. Results revealed significant genetic diversity within each sorghum type and a significant index of genetic differentiation per pair of sorghum types (0.017) between sweet grain sorghum and sweet stalk sorghum. The minimum nei distance was also high (0.12) between these two sorghum types. Sweet grain sorghum indeed showed the lowest values of theoretical heterozygosity (0.35), of observed heterozygosity (0.13). Structuring of the accessions of the three types of sorghum cultivated in two distinct groups, one of grain sorghum and sweet stalk sorghum and another consisting of accessions of grain sorghum and sweet grain sorghum was also obtained. The low differentiation observed would suggest greater genetic proximity between the three types of sorghum. The differences observed would be more of a physiological and biochemical nature. These results could contribute to better management of the genetic resources of sweet grain sorghum.

关键词： Sorghum Markers genetic Diversity Phylogeny Burkina Faso

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Farmers’ Perception of Phenotypic Variation of Different Types of Sorghum Cultivated in Burkina Faso

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american Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1085-1100页

作者： Sévérin Tuina Josiane Tiendrebéogo Mariam Kiébré nerbéwendé Sawadogo Romaric Kiswendsida nanema É quipe Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Sorghum bicolor is a multi-purpose species adapted to many agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. In the local farming system, different types of sorghum are cultivated together. Such farming conditions could increase gene flow between the different types of sorghum and contribute to the evolution of their main morphological characteristics. Understanding the effect of the farming system on the characteristics of different types of sorghum could contribute to building a strategy for the management of its genetic diversity. A survey and accessions collection was carried out in ten villages selected in two agroclimatic zones of Burkina Faso. A total of 133 accessions were collected and thirty local names were recorded. The results revealed a significant variability within sorghum characteristics based on farmers’ descriptions. Four types of sorghum were identified by farmers based on their uses. These are sweet grain sorghum, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum and dyer sorghum. Most of farmers (54.6%) practised intercropping, and 28.86% of them intercropped several types of sorghum in the same or nearby fields. A high coincidence of the flowering period of the types of sorghum was observed by farmers in both agroclimatic zones. The results also showed that most of the farmers (55.7%) noted changes in the morphological characteristics of different types of sorghum. These variations included the reduction in potential yields and changes in grain taste and colour within the same type. Understanding these variations could help conserve and sustain sorghum genetic resources in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Sorghum bicolor ethnobotanical Knowledge genetic Diversity Burkina Faso

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Extent and Structure of Phenotypic Variability in Solenostemon rotundifolius germplasm from ghana and Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 146-164页

作者： Ignace Tonde Romaric Kiswendsida nanema Alphonse Tegawende Sawadogo Department of Plant Biology and Plant Physiology Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso É quipe Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Solenostemon rotundifolius is a species belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is currently one of the minor plants of high socio-economic interest. One of the limitations to promoting this species in Burkina Faso is the lack of varieties that meet consumers’ demands. Implementing a breeding program is an important step toward achieving this goal. Such a program is based on the variability of agronomical traits of interest within evaluated germplasm. This study aimed to assess the level of two germplasms variability of S. rotundifolius from ghana and Burkina Faso for traits related to vegetative development, cycle, and yield. Agromorphological characterization of 174 accessions, including 116 from ghana and 58 from Burkina Faso was carried out in Randomised Complete Block design with three replications. The characterization was made on the basis of fifteen (15) quantitative traits related to the canopy and leaf size, the cycle, and the yield. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between accessions within each germplasm for all the evaluated traits. The analysis of the structuration of this agromorphological variability allowed organizing the accessions into different groups. These results could lead to the identification of accessions within each germplasm for breeding purposes or future research on genotype-environment interactions.

关键词： Lamiaceae Tuber germplasm Agromorphological Variability

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Physical and Cooking Characteristics of Six Cowpea Varieties Seeds Cultivated in Burkina Faso

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american Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 929-942页

作者： Karidiatou Traore Pingawindé Sawadogo Téyouré Benoit Joseph Batiéno nerbéwendé Sawadogo Hamadou Zongo Saadon Leandre Poda Jean Baptiste De Salle Tignegré Tinga Jeremy Ouédraogo Mahamadou Sawadogo Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (InERA) CNRST Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Tenkodogo Université Thomas SANKARA Tenkodogo Burkina Faso équipe génétique et amélioration des plantes/laboratoire biosciences Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea is essential in the diet in Burkina Faso. The information on their physical properties and cooking quality is important for consumer acceptance. This study has therefore been undertaken in order to fill the gap. Thus, six cowpea varieties were evaluated for their physical and cooking properties. The seeds had between 9% to 12% moisture. For physical proprieties, the result revealed that the variety Makoyin had the highest seed length (9.65 mm), the variety gourgou recorded the highest seed width (7.08 mm), seed thickness (5.13 mm), and seed area (153.29 mm2), and 100-seeds weight (21.1 g). The lowest seed sizes were presented by the variety Teeksongo with values of 7.88 mm, 6.34 mm, 4.88 mm, 122.68 mm2, and 16.87 g for respectively the length, the width, the thickness, the area, and the 100-seeds weight. The variety Makoyin produces seed elliptical form and varieties neerwaya, gourgou, Yipoussi and Issa-sosso, and Teek-songo the seeds spherical form. For cooking proprieties, the highest value of the bulk density of the seeds was presented in the variety Teek-song (1.51 g/ml). The highest hydration and swelling capacity were observed in varieties gourgou (0.22 g/seed and 0.24 ml/seed respectively) and Yipoussi (0.22 g/seed and 0.21 ml/seed respectively). The seed with large size, greater hydration, and swelling capacity is preferred by consumers and processors for food products. Varieties Makoyin, neerwaya, gourgou, Yipoussi, and Issa-sosso presented cooking time of unsoaked seeds equal to one hour (from 60 to 68 min) excepted Teek-songo which had 46 min. These cooking times are acceptable for consumers. Seed length, surface area, thickness, the weight of seeds, hydration capacity, and cooking time have been the most discriminating among the cowpea varieties studied.

关键词： Cowpea Varieties Physical Properties Cooking Properties Burkina Faso

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Agromorphological Characterization of Introgression Lines Derived from Wild and Exotic Sorghum germplasm to Climate Change Challenges

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第10期12卷 1129-1149页

作者： Ouindyam Colette Ouédraogo nerbéwendé Sawadogo Eva Weltzien Baloua nebie Fred Rattunde Aboubacar Touré Ibrahima Sissoko Mahamadou Sawadogo Equipe génétique et amélioration des plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Bamako Mali University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is vitally important for food security in semi-arid West Africa. The introgression of wild- and high transpiration efficiency genotypes may contribute genes for abiotic stress tolerance or novel traits. Characterizing the introgressed lines can help researchers in the process of varietal improvement. The objectives of this study are (i) To learn if introgression of wild sorghum (CWR) and high transpiration efficiency (HTE) lines into a very early maturing (photoperiod insensitive) local land-race variety can create useful variation for grain yield in drought-prone Sahelian environments, (ii) To determine if grain yield advantages (and putative drought tolerance traits) obtained from introgression of CWR and HTE germplasm are expressed differently in moderately to highly moisture-limited environments, and (iii) To understand the relationship between putative drought tolerance traits. These populations were developed from crosses between the CSM63E (Jakumbe, a high grains quality variety) and two wild parents (accessions) and five high transpiration efficiency (TE) sorghum accessions. Phenotyping was conducted using an alpha lattice design with three replications in two environments for agronomic traits (grain yield and components), flowering time and physiological traits (stay-green, chlorophyll content and lodging). A total of 669 BC1F5 progenies were developed. genetic variation for grain yield and putative drought tolerant traits were evaluated. Both populations derived from wild parents exhibited in Cinzana a grain yield (>300 g/m2) greater than CSM63E (245 g/m2). In Bema, more than 75% of the progenies of all populations indicated a chlorophyll content at physiological maturity (>30 SPAD) higher than CSM63E (20 SPAD) chlorophyll content. The estimated broad sense heritability was generally high (≥0.50) for all traits. The results also showed a very significant interaction between genotype and e

关键词： Sorghum Transpiration Drought Variability Climate Change

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PgRL1 and LHCSR3 Compensate for Each Other in Controlling Photosynthesis and Avoiding Photosystem I Photoinhibition during High Light Acclimation of Chlamydomonas Cells

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Molecular Plant 2017年第1期10卷 216-218页

作者： Frédéric Chaux Xenie Johnson Pascaline Auroy Audrey Beyly-Adriano Isabelle Te Stéphan Cuiné gilles Peltier CEA CNRS Aix-Marseille Université Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille UMR 7265 Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues CEA Cadarache Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108 France

Dear Editor,In natural environments, photosynthetic organisms experience frequent changes in the light supply, requiring modulation of light harvesting and electron transfer reactions to avoid mismatch between light conversion and metabolic reactions that may result in the production of harmful reactive oxygen species. They have thus evolved photoprotective regulatory mechanisms including the dissipation of excess energy （or non-photochemical quench-ing, nPQ）,

关键词： Controlling Photoinhibition Chlamydomonas

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Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of nerium oleander collected in Morocco

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第1期12卷 32-37页

作者： Messaoudi Mouhcine Laglaoui amin amzazi Saaid Hammani Khalil Benbacer Laila El Mzibri Mohammed Unité de Biologie et Recherche Médicale CNESTEN laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie Faculté des Sciences Mohammed V University équipe de Recherche en Biotechnologies & génie des Biomolécules Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tanger Abdelmalek Essaadi University laboratoire de Ressources naturelles et Environnement Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanolic and aqueous crude extracts of nerium oleander(n. oleander) leaves. Methods: Cytotoxic activities were evaluated by WST-1 bioassay on two human cancer cell lines, namely human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The antioxidant property of n. oleander extracts was assessed by DPPH scavenging and he agar disc diffusion method was used for the determination of an毬-carotene bleaching tests. Ttimicrobial activity against different strains. Results: Using cell viability indices, the WST-1 test revealed that both extracts reduced cell viability in both cell lines. Our results also showed that aqueous extract was more active than ethanolic extract, with IC50 values of(1.67±0.22) μg/mL and(2.36±0.44) μg/mL on MDA-MB-231 cells, and(2.89±0.35) μg/mL and(5.09±0.52) μg/mL on HT29 cells, respectively. The study of the antioxidant activity showed that n. oleander extracts had a considerable scavenging capacity and exerted a significant preventive effect against the oxidation of 毬-carotene by the peroxide radicals. However, the antibacterial test showed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of n. oleander had a moderate antibacterial effect limited only to gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Our results shows that n. oleander aqueous and ethanolic extracts have significant cytotoxic activities against tumor cell lines and possesses a strong antioxidant capacity, suggesting the presence of active compounds in n. oleander leaves that could be a potential source of phytochemicals with high medicinal value to be used in cancer treatment and prevention.

关键词： nerium oleander Anti-cancer Cytotoxicity Antioxidant Antimicrobial Bioactive compounds

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Selection of Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP] genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Selection Indices

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 384-397页

作者： Sekou Armand Sanogo Sory Diallo Daniel nyadanu Téyioué Benoit Joseph Batieno nerbéwendé Sawadogo Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana Institut D’Economie Rurale (IER) Bamako Mali Institut de l’Environnement et de la Recherche Agricole (InERA Kamboinsé/CnRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Equipe génétique et amélioration des plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.)] is one of the most important arid legumes cultivated for pulse and forage production. However, in cowpea, not much is known about the base index selection method in breeding for drought tolerance. Consequently, the present study has been conducted to: 1) evaluate the yield performance of cowpea genotypes under artificial drought and well-watered condition;2) develop a base index using multiple traits for ranking genotype performance. The experiment was a 25 × 2 factorial laid out in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment was carried out in the screen house at the Department of Horticulture at KnUST. The result showed that KPR1-96-73, Simbo, CZ06-4-16, Wilibaly and Agyenkwa were high yielding in well-water condition while ghana Shoba, Sangaraka, nKetewade, ghana-Shoni and Korobalen were high yielding genotypes in water stress condition. The average yield reduction was 60.6% for grain respectively. The biplot displays revealed four groups among the genotypes tested which was based on their yielding capacity and drought tolerance. In cluster B high yielding and drought tolerant genotypes were identified, high yielding and drought susceptible have been identified in cluster A, low yielding and drought tolerant in cluster D, and lastly low yielding and drought susceptible in cluster C. genotypes in cluster B, were the best due to the fact that it combines high yield and tolerance to drought. They were ghana Shoni, nketewade, Sangaraka and ghana shoba. These genotypes might be suitably employed in further drought tolerance breeding program of cowpea.

关键词： Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Post Flowering Drought Drought Tolerance Index

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Screen House Assessment of Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.)] genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Selection Indices

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第4期14卷 457-473页

作者： Sekou Armand Sanogo Sory Diallo Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Adejumobi Idris Ishola nerbéwendé Sawadogo Daniel nyadanu Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER) Bamako Mali Institut de l’Environnement et de la Recherche Agricole (InERA Kamboinsé/CnRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Equipe génétique et amélioration des plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] is one of the most important arid legumes cultivated for pulse and forage production. Drought is one of the most damageable constraints to crop production impacting negatively food security. The potential of cowpea to address food security is well established. However, not much is known about the base index selection method in breeding cowpea for drought tolerance, which is important for yields. Consequently, the present study has been conducted to: 1) evaluate the yield performance of cowpea genotypes under artificial drought and well-watered condition, 2) ranke genotype performance using selection indices, and 3) assess relationship between agronomic traits and yield. The experiment was the 2 watering conditions laid out in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment was carried out in pots under screen house at the Department of Horticulture at KnUST. The result showed that KPR1-96-73, Simbo, CZ06-4-16, Wilibaly and Agyenkwa were high yielding in well-water condition while ghana Shoba, Sangaraka, nketewade, ghana Shoni and Korobalen were high yielding genotypes in water stress condition. The average yield reduction was 60.6% and 16% for grain and fodder yield respectively. The biplot displays revealed four groups among the genotypes tested which were based on their yielding capacity and drought tolerance. In cluster B high yielding and drought tolerant genotypes were identified, high yielding and drought susceptible have been identified in cluster A, low yielding and drought tolerant in cluster D, and lastly low yielding and drought susceptible in cluster C. genotypes in cluster B were best due to the fact that it combines high yield and tolerance to drought. They were ghana Shoni, nketewade, Sangaraka and ghana Shoba. These genotypes might be suitably employed in further drought tolerance breeding programs of cowpea. Significant relationships were observed between agronomic trait and yields un

关键词： Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Drought Selection Index

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Molecular Characterization Using Microsatellites of Bambara nut (<i>Vigna subterranea</i>[L] Verdcourt) Landraces Cultivated in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第10期12卷 1119-1128页

作者： Diane Judicaëlle Kambou Hervé nandkangre Adjima Ouoba Abdou Kader Congo n’golo Moussa Konate Wend-Pagnangdé Marie Serge Félicien Zida nerbéwendé Sawadogo Mahamadou Sawadogo Mahama Ouedraogo Université Joseph KI-ZERBO UFR-SVT Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Laboratoire Biosciences Equipe Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (InERA) Département de Productions Végétales Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biotechnologies Végétales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Tenkodogo/Université Thomas SAnKARA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniaré Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université norbert ZOngO UFR ST (Sciences et Technologies) Koudougou Burkina Faso

Voandzou is a seed legume cultivated in Burkina Faso with significant nutritional potential. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Bambara nut cultivated in Burkina Faso using microsatellite markers. For the study, fifteen SSRs markers were used for molecular characterization of 90 Bambara nut landraces from three agro-climatic zones of Burkina Faso. All markers were 100% polymorphic with an average value of 4.81 for effective alleles. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.654 to 0.867 with a mean of 0.775. Dendrogram classified the accessions in four mixed groups independently of the three agro-climatic zones. This distribution is consistent with the results on the agro-morphological characterization of the same landraces. This information was served as a basic model for breeding and conservation programs of V. subterranea in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Bambara nut Landraces genetics Diversity SSR Markers

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