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Phytobiotics in poultry:revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant‑derived gut health enhancers

Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 1-33页

作者： Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna Xinyu Chang Vivian U.Oleforuh‑Okoleh Patience N.Onu Haijun Zhang Kai Qiu Shugeng Wu National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of animal Science Rivers State UniversityPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria Department of animal Science Ebonyi State UniversityAbakilikiEbonyi StateNigeria.

As the global population continues to expand,the demand for broiler chicken production to supply safe and high-quality meat is *** meet this ever-growing demand,broiler chickens with enhanced growth performance are being developed,but they often face challenges related to oxidative stress,which can adversely affect gut ***,which are plant-derived feed additives known for their antimicrobial,antioxidant,immune-modulating,and growth-promoting properties,have emerged as promising natural alternatives to synthetic *** review consolidates recent advancements in the use of phytobiotics-derived products from leaves,roots,seeds,flowers,and their extracts in broiler diets reared under standard experimental conditions,without the introduction of *** focus is on elucidating the key mechanisms through which phytobiotics improve gut health,includ-ing their effects on gut morphology,integrity,microflora composition,antioxidant capacity,and immune *** review highlights the potential of phytobiotics to revolutionize broiler nutrition by acting as natural enhancers of gut *** findings reveal that phytobiotics significantly improve intestinal health,and boost growth per-formance,offering a sustainable approach to managing to gut *** findings indicate a potential shift in how gut-health related challenges in broilers can be addressed,moving towards natural phytobiotic ***-ever,several challenges *** the dosage of phytobiotics,ensuring consistent performance,and over-coming the limitations related to their extraction and application are key areas requiring further *** review emphasizes the importance of continued research to refine phytobiotic formulations,explore synergistic effects,and incorporate advanced technologies such as AI-driven methods and precision nutrition to tailor feeding strategies more ***,the development of innovative delivery

关键词： Broilers Essential oils Gut health Herbs and spices Phytobiotics Plant extracts

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Effects of dietary Lactobacillus postbiotics and bacitracin on the modulation of mucosaassociated microbiota and pattern recognition receptors affecting immunocompetence of jejunal mucosa in pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic F18^(+)Escherichia coli

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 282-299页

作者： Marcos Elias Duarte Zixiao Deng Sung Woo Kim Department of animal Science North Carolina State University116 Polk HallCampus Box 7621RaleighNC 27695USA

Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(***)is a threat to humans and animals that causes intestinal *** resistance has urged alternatives,including Lactobacillus postbiotics,to mitigate the effects of enterotoxigenic *** Forty-eight newly weaned pigs were allotted to NC:no challenge/no supplement;PC:F18^(+)*** chal-lenge/no supplement;ATB:F18^(+)*** challenge/bacitracin;and LPB:F18^(+)*** challenge/postbiotics and fed diets for 28 *** d 7,pigs were orally inoculated withF18^(+)*** d 28,the mucosa-associated microbiota,immune and oxidative stress status,intestinal morphology,the gene expression of pattern recognition receptors(PRR),and intestinal barrier function were *** were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS *** PC increased(P<0.05)Helicobacter mastomyrinus whereas reduced(P<0.05)Prevotella copri and ***-corea compared to *** LPB increased(P<0.05)*** and Dialister succinatiphilus compared with *** ATB increased(P<0.05)Propionibacterium acnes,Corynebacterium glutamicum,and Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis compared to *** PC tended to reduce(P=0.054)PGLYRP4 and increased(P<0.05)TLR4,CD14,MDA,and crypt cell proliferation compared with *** ATB reduced(P<0.05)NOD1 compared with *** LPB increased(P<0.05)PGLYRP4,and interferon-γand reduced(P<0.05)NOD1 compared with *** ATB and LPB reduced(P<0.05)TNF-αand MDA compared with *** TheF18^(+)*** challenge compromised intestinal *** increased beneficial bacteria show-ing a trend towards increasing the intestinal barrier function,possibly by reducing the expression of PRR ***-tobacillus postbiotics enhanced the immunocompetence of nursery pigs by increasing the expression of interferon-γand PGLYRP4,and by reducing TLR4,NOD1,and CD14.

关键词： Escherichia coli Immunocompetence Intestinal health Pattern recognition receptors Pigs

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Deletion of Salmonella pathogenicity islands SPI-1, 2 and 3 induces substantial morphological and metabolic alternation and protective immune potential

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第1期24卷 272-289页

作者： Gaosong Liu Xuelian Lü Qiufeng Tian Wanjiang Zhang Fei Yi Yueling Zhang Shenye Yu State Key Laboratory for animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China

The Salmonella pathogenicity islands(SPIs) play crucial roles in the progression of Salmonella infection. In this study, we constructed an improved λ Red homologous recombination system to prepare single and triple deletion mutants of 3 prominent SPIs(SPI-1, 2, and 3), aiming at the impact of deletion on morphology, carbon source metabolism, adhesion and invasion capacity, in vivo colonization, and immune efficacy in chicks. Our examination revealed that the surface of the single deletion mutants(SM6ΔSPI1, ΔSPI2, and ΔSPI3) exhibited a more rugged texture and appeared to be enveloped in a layer of transparent colloid, whereas the morphology of the triple deletion mutant(SM6ΔSPI1&2&3) remained unaltered when compared to the parent strain. The carbon metabolic spectrum of the SPI mutants underwent profound alterations, with a notable and statistically significant modification observed in 30 out of 95 carbon sources, primarily carbohydrates(17 out of 30). Furthermore, the adhesion capacity of the 4 mutants to Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced when compared to that of the parent strain. Moreover,the invasion capacity of mutants SM6ΔSPI1 and SM6ΔSPI1&2&3 exhibited a substantial decrease, while it was enhanced to varying degrees for SM6ΔSPI3 and SM6ΔSPI2. Importantly, none of the 4 mutants induced any clinical symptoms in the chicks. However, they did transiently colonize the spleen and liver. Notably, the SM6ΔSPI1&2&3mutant was rapidly cleared from both the spleen and liver within 8 days post-infection and no notable pathological changes were observed in the organs. Additionally, when challenged, the mutants immunized groups displayed a significant increase in antibody levels and alterations in the CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ subpopulations, and the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines in the SM6ΔSPI1&2&3 immunized chicken serum surpassed those of other *** summary, the successful construction of the 4 SPI mutants lays the groundwork for further exploration into the p

关键词： Salmonella pathogenicity islands(SPls) morphology carbon source metabolism pathogenicity immunogenicity live attenuated vaccine

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Effects of glutathione on oocyte and embryo development in in vitro fertilization

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2025年第1期14卷 38-46页

作者： Herry Sonjaya Erni Damayanti Hikmayani Iskandar Sudirman Baco Hasbi Hasbi Andi Mujnisa Kusumandari Indah Prahesti Aulia Uswa Noor Khasanah Sri Firmiaty Asma’ul Fitriana Nurhidayah Ekayanti Mulyawati Kaiin Daud Samsudewa Rukman Pala Fitra Aji Pamungkas Herdis Herdis Faculty of animal Science Hasanuddin UniversityMakassarIndonesia Research Center for Applied Zoology National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BogorIndonesia Research Center for animal Husbandry National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BogorIndonesia Department of animal Science Faculty of AgricultureBosowa UniversityMakassarIndonesia Faculty of Vocational Hasanuddin UniversityMakassarIndonesia Department of animal Science Faculty of Animal and Agricultural SciencesDiponegoro UniversitySemarangIndonesia Research Center for Society and Culture National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BogorIndonesia

Objective:To evaluate the effect of glutathione(GSH)supplementation in maturation and adaptation media on oocyte development,embryo quality,and oocyte viability after ***:The GSH concentrations were classified into four groups(0,0.5,1.0,and 1.5 mM)which were added to the maturation *** maturation process was conducted in vitro for 24 *** maturation,oocytes were fertilized with Bali bull semen for 5-6 h and then cultured for 48 *** morphological quality of ocytes matured with GSH addition and the vitrification method used was *** assessed included maturation rate,fertilization rate,embryo development,post-vitrification oocyte morphology,and quality of post-vitrification oocytes with GSH added to the adaptation ***:The addition of GSH to the maturation medium significantly improved oocyte quality and embryo development(P<0.05).Specifically,adding 1.5 mM GSH increased the percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase栻from 57.6%without GSH oocytes to 79.0%with 1.5 mM GSH,two-pronuclei fertilization from 47.0%to 72.7%,embryo development from 37.1%to 57.2%,morula formation from 14.6%to 33.7%,and blastocyst formation from 8.1%to 23.8%.Additionally,the survival rate of oocytes post-vitrification increased to 75%with GSH ***:The addition of 0.5-1.5 mM of GSH to the maturation and adaptation media significantly enhanced the metaphase栻stage,fertilization rates,cleavage rates,and the survival of oocytes after *** the concentrations of 1.5 mM was the most effective in increasing oocyte development and maintaining oocytes viability post-vitrification.

关键词： Bali cattle Embryo Gluthatione Oocyte Vitrification

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Insect Hydrocarbons. Biology, Biochemistry, and Chemical Ecology

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Insect Science 2012年第6期19卷 703-704页

作者： Sofija Pavkovi?-Lu?i? Dragana Mili?i? Luka Lu?i? (chair of Genetics and Evolution) ((chair of animal morphology) Systematics and Phylogeny) (chair of animal Development) Institute of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Studentski trg 16 11000 Belgrade Serbia Email: sofija@bio.bg.ac.rs draganam@bio.bg.ac.rs luka@bio.bg.ac.rs

Gary J. Blomquist and Anne-Genevirve Bagnbres （eds.）, Cambridge University Press, 2010 ISBN 978-0- 521-89814-0, Hardback, pp. 492, 70.00 Who of us does not know how magic is love dancing in dragonflies, or waggle honebees＇ dance, flushing in the firefly, or traveling of ＂orange cloud＂ during migration of monarch butterflies？ And, if those behaviors are magical for us, how magical are they for themselves？ How special is insect ＂vocabulary＂ during their communication？

关键词： BOOKS CHEMICAL ecology NONFICTION REVIEWS

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The TLR Expression Pattern on Monocyte-Derived Macrophages for Lipopolysaccharid Stimulation of Calves

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第7期8卷 864-871页

作者： GUO Yi-jie ZHAO Guo-Qi HUO Yong-jiu Sachi Tanaka Hisashi Aso Takahiro Yamaguchi Laboratory of animal Nutrition Graduate School of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R. China Laboratory of Functional morphology Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi Aobaku 981-8555 Sendai Japan

In this paper, toll-like receptor expression pattern in monocytes-derived macrophages by lipopolysaccharid （LPS） stimulation was examined. Jugular venous blood samples from 4 Japanese calves were obtained and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） were isolated. The PBMC were cultured for 7 d so as to collect monocytes-derived macrophages in Repcell. The PBMC were stimulated by LPS for 24 h and the mRNA expression pattern of TLR and cytokines in monocytes-derived macrophages （Mod-Mφ） was analyzed. Results showed that LPS stimulation of Mod-Mφ could increase the mRNA levels of the genes of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, the mRNA levels of the genes of TNF-α and IL-6 in the group of LPS stimulation were most significantly （P 〈 0.01） higher than those in control group and the mRNA levels of TLR1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 were significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased after LPS stimulation. There was no difference in the mRNA expressions of TLR2, 4, 6, and 7 between the groups of the control and LPS stimulation. Besides, expression of TLR9 was not found. It suggested that monocytes-derived macrophages could respond to LPS and they might take an important role in the innate immunity. The important function of the cells might contribute to better disease treatment.

关键词： TLR bovine macrophage LPS

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Maternal stress and the early embryonic microenvironment:investigating long‑term cortisol effects on bovine oviductal epithelial cells using air–liquid interface culture

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Fiona Wahl Jianchao Huo Shuaizhi Du Jennifer Schoen Shuai Chen Department of Reproduction Biology Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research(IZW)Alfred‑Kowalke‑Straße 1710315 BerlinGermany Institute of Biotechnology Technische Universität BerlinStraße Des 17.Juni 13510623 BerlinGermany Institute of Reproductive Biology Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology(FBN)Wilhelm‑Stahl‑Allee 218196 DummerstorfGermany

The oviduct epithelium is the initial maternal contact site for embryos after fertilization,offering the microenviron-ment before *** early gestation period is particularly sensitive to stress,which can cause reduced fertil-ity and reproductive disorders in ***,the local impact of elevated stress hormones on the ovi-duct epithelium has received limited attention to date,except for a few reports on polyovulatory species like mice and *** this study,we focused on the effects of chronic maternal stress on cattle,given its association with infertil-ity issues in this monoovulatory *** oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC)differentiated at the air–liquid interface(ALI)were stimulated with 250 nmol/L cortisol for 1 or 3 ***,they were assessed for morphology,bioelectrical properties,and gene expression related to oviduct function,glucocorticoid pathway,cortisol metabo-lism,inflammation,and *** revealed adverse effects of cortisol on epithelium structure,featured by deciliation,vacuole formation,and ***,cortisol exposure led to an increase in transepithelial potential difference,downregulated mRNA expression of the major glucocorticoid receptor(NR3C1),upregulated the expression of cortisol-responsive genes(FKBP5,TSC22D3),and significant downregulation of oviductal glycopro-tein 1(OVGP1)and steroid receptors PGR and *** systematic comparison to a similar experiment previously performed by us in porcine oviduct epithelial cells,indicated that bovine cultures were more susceptible to elevated cortisol levels than *** distinct responses between both species are likely linked to their divergence in the cortisol-induced expression changes of HSD11B2,an enzyme controlling the cellular capacity to metabolise *** findings provide insights into the species-specific reactions and reproductive consequences triggered by maternal stress.

关键词： Air–liquid interface Bovine Cortisol Early embryonic microenvironment Epithelial cells Maternal stress Oviduct

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Environmental responsibilities of livestock feeding using trace mineral supplements

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animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 113-118页

作者： Daniel Brugger Wilhelm M. Windisch chair of animal Nutrition TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich (TUM)

Trace elements are essential dietary components for livestock species. However, they also exhibit a strong toxic potential. Therefore, their fluxes through the animal organism are tightly regulated by a complex molecular machinery that controls the rate of absorption from the gut lumen as well as the amount of excretion via faeces, urine and products(e.g., milk) in order to maintain an internal equilibrium. When supplemented in doses above the gross requirement trace elements accumulate in urine and faeces and, hence, manure. Thereby, trace element emissions represent a potential threat to the environment. This fact is of particular importance in regard to the widely distributed feeding practice of pharmacological zinc and copper doses for the purpose of performance enhancement. Adverse environmental effects have been described, like impairment of plant production, accumulation in edible animal products and the water supply chain as well as the correlation between increased trace element loads and antimicrobial resistance. In the light of discussions about reducing the allowed upper limits for trace element loads in feed and manure from livestock production in the European Union excessive dosing needs to be critically reconsidered. Moreover, the precision in trace element feeding has to be increased in order to avoid unnecessary supplementation and, thereby, heavy metal emissions from livestock production.

关键词： Trace element Livestock Homeostasis Pharmacological supplementation Accumulation Environment

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Changes of the glutathione redox system during the weaning transition in piglets, in relation to small intestinal morphology and barrier function

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 993-1008页

作者： Jeroen Degroote Hans Vergauwen Wei Wang Chris Van Ginneken Stefaan De Smet Joris Michiels Laboratory for animal Nutrition and animal Product Quality(LANUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBlock FCampus CoupureCoupure Links 6539000 GhentBelgium Laboratory of Applied Veterinary morphology Department of Veterinary SciencesFaculty of BiomedicalPharmaceutical and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1WilrijkBelgium.

Background: Weaning is known to result in barrier dysfunction and villus atrophy in the immediate post-weaning phase, and the magnitude of these responses is hypothesized to correlate with changes in the glutathione(GSH)redox system. Therefore, these parameters were simultaneously measured throughout the weaning phase, in piglets differing in birth weight category and weaning age, as these pre-weaning factors are important determinants for the weaning transition. Low birth weight(LBW) and normal birth weight(NBW) littermates were assigned to one of three weaning treatments;i.e. weaning at 3 weeks of age(3 w), weaning at 4 weeks of age(4 w) and removal from the sow at 3 d of age and fed a milk replacer until weaning at 3 weeks of age(3 d3 w). For each of these treatments, six LBW and six NBW piglets were euthanized at 0, 2, 5, 12 or 28 d post-weaning piglets, adding up 180 ***: Weaning increased the glutathione peroxidase activity on d 5 post-weaning in plasma, and duodenal and jejunal mucosa. Small intestinal glutathione-S-transferase activity gradually increased until d 12 post-weaning, and this was combined with a progressive rise of mucosal GSH up till d 12 post-weaning. Oxidation of the GSH redox status(GSH/GSSG Eh) was only observed in the small intestinal mucosa of 3 d3 w weaned piglets at d 5 postweaning. These piglets also demonstrated increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FD4) and horseradish peroxidase fluxes in the duodenum and distal jejunum during the experiment, and specifically demonstrated increased FD4 fluxes at d 2 to d 5 post-weaning. On the other hand, profound villus atrophy was observed during the weaning transition for all weaning treatments. Finally, LBW and NBW piglets did not demonstrate notable differences in GSH redox status, small intestinal barrier function and histo-morphology throughout the ***: Although moderate changes in the GSH redox system were observed upon weaning, the GSH redox status remai

关键词： Barrier function Glutathione Oxidative stress Redox status Small intestine Weaned piglet

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Epigenetic basis for the establishment of ruminal tissue-specific functions in bovine fetuses and adults

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2025年第1期52卷 78-92页

作者： Jing Wang Wen Yuan Fang Liu Guangbo Liu Xiaoxiong Geng Chen Li Chenchen Zhang Nan Li Xueling Li State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation&Breeding of Grassland Livestock Research Center for Laboratory Animal ScienceInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotInner Mongolia 010070China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control TechnologyMinistry of EducationInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotInner Mongolia 010070China

Epigenetic regulation in the rumen,a unique ruminant organ,remains largely unexplored compared with other tissues studied in model *** this study,we perform an in-depth analysis of the epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes across fetal and adult bovine tissues as well as pluripotent stem *** the extensive methylation differences across various stages and tissues,we identify tissue-specific differentially methylated regions(tsDMRs)unique to the rumen,which are crucial for regulating epithelial development and energy *** tsDMRs cluster within super-enhancer regions that overlap with transcription factor(TF)binding *** models indicate that DNA methylation,along with H3K27me3 and H3K27ac,can be used to predict enhancer *** upstream TFs,including SOX2,FOSL1/2,and SMAD2/3,primarily maintain an inhibitory state through bivalent modifications during fetal *** functional genes are maintained mainly in a stable repressive state via DNA methylation until differentiation is *** study underscores the critical role of tsDMRs in regulating distal components of rumen morphology and function,providing key insights into the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that may influence bovine production traits.

关键词： Rumen Epigenetics DNA methylation tsDMRs Enhancers

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