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yield and quality properties of silage maize and their influencing factors in China

Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1655-1666页

作者： Mengying Zhao Yinping Feng Yue Shi Haihua Shen Huifeng Hu Yongkai Luo Longchao Xu Jie Kang Aijun Xing Shaopeng Wang Jingyun Fang State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Silage maize(Zea mays L.) is one of the most important forages in the world, and its yield and quality properties are critical parameters for livestock production and assessment of forage values. However, relationships between its yield and quality properties and the controlling factors are not well documented. In this study, we collected 5,663 observations from 196 publications across the country to identify the relationships between yield and quality properties of silage maize and to assess the impact of management practices and climatic factors on its yield and quality in China. The average dry matter yield of silage maize was(19.98±6.93) Mg ha^(-1), and the average value of crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and relative feed value was 7.86%±1.71%, 2.53%±1.01%, 5.05%±1.66%,23.97%±6.34%, 27.62%±7.12%, 51.60%±9.85%, 59.68%±7.72%, and 131.17±31.49, respectively. In general, its nutritive value decreased as its yield increased. Increasing planting density could increase the yield but inhibit the nutritive values, while increasing fertilization could benefit the nutritive values. Geographically, the yield increased and the nutritive value decreased from warm(south) to cold(north) regions. The length of growth duration was a major controlling factor for the patterns of these properties. Our findings provide insights for police-makers to make strategy for achieving high yield and good quality of silage maize and help local people to implement better management practices.

关键词： silage maize yield quality management practices climatic factors

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yield sustainability of winter wheat under three limited-irrigation schemes based on a 28-year field experiment

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The Crop Journal 2022年第6期10卷 1774-1783页

作者： Yanmei Gao Meng Zhang Zhimin Wang Yinghua Zhang College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of Life Science Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030031ShanxiChina Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801ShanxiChina

Sustainable intensification is an agricultural development direction internationally.However,little is known about the yield sustainability of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under limited irrigation schemes on the North China Plain(NCP).A 28-year field experiment from 1991 to 2018 at Wuqiao Experimental Station was used to characterize long-term yield,evapotranspiration(ET),and water use efficiency(WUE)trends under three irrigation treatments(W1,irrigation just before sowing;W2,irrigation before sowing and at jointing stage;W3,irrigation before sowing,at jointing stage,and at anthesis).yield gaps and the effects of genetic improvement,climate change,and climate variables on wheat yield and key phenological stages were estimated using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator(APSIM)model.Grain yield and WUE of winter wheat increased during the 28 years under the three irrigation treatments,and the upward trend of WUE followed a saturation curve pattern.ET increased slightly.Simulation results showed that genetic improvement dramatically prolonged the phenological stages of vegetative growth period and contributed to yield increase by 0.03%-15.6%.The rapid increase in yield with lower water use was associated mainly with an increase in biomass with genetic improvement and partly with an increase in harvest index.A curvilinear relationship between WUE and yield emphasized the importance of obtaining high yields for high WUE.The yield gaps between potential yield and yield under W1 treatment increased from 1991 to 2018 but were relatively constant for the W2 and W3 treatments.Elevated atmospheric CO_(2) concentration offset the negative effects of temperature increase on yield,leading to minor(-2.3%to 0.3%)changes in yield under climate change.Thus,genetic improvement played a dominant role in yield increase,and limited-irrigation schemes(W2 and W3)can increase wheat yield and promote sustainability of crop production on the NCP.

关键词： yield Sustainability Cultivars Climate change Phenology

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GIGANTEA orthologs,E2 members,redundantly determine photoperiodic flowering and yield in soybean

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第1期65卷 188-202页

作者： Lingshuang Wang Haiyang Li Milan He Lidong Dong Zerong Huang Liyu Chen Haiyang Nan Fanjiang Kong Baohui Liu Xiaohui Zhao Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene EditingInnovative Center of Molecular Genetics and EvolutionSchool of Life Sciences Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006 China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement National Center for Soybean ImprovementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095 China

Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a typical photoperiodsensitive crop,such that photoperiod determines its flowering time,maturity,grain yield,and phenological adaptability.During evolution,the soybean genome has undergone two duplication events,resulting in about 75%of all genes being represented by multiple copies,which is associated with rampant gene redundancy.Among duplicated genes,the important soybean maturity gene E2 has two homologs,E2-Like a(E2La)and E2-Like b(E2Lb),which encode orthologs of Arabidopsis GIGANTEA(GI).Although E2 was cloned a decade ago,we still know very little about its contribution to flowering time and even less about the function of its homologs.Here,we generated single and double mutants in E2,E2La,and E2Lb by genome editing and determined that E2 plays major roles in the regulation of flowering time and yield,with the two E2 homologs depending on E2 function.At high latitude regions,e2 single mutants showed earlier flowering and high grain yield.Remarkably,in terms of genetic relationship,genes from the legume-specific transcription factor family E1 were epistatic to E2.We established that E2 and E2-like proteins form homodimers or heterodimers to regulate the transcription of E1 family genes,with the homodimer exerting a greater function than the heterodimers.In addition,we established that the H3 haplotype of E2 is the ancestral allele and is mainly restricted to low latitude regions,from which the loss-of-function alleles of the H1 and H2haplotypes were derived.Furthermore,we demonstrated that the function of the H3 allele is stronger than that of the H1 haplotype in the regulation of flowering time,which has not been shown before.Our findings provide excellent allelic combinations for classical breeding and targeted gene disruption or editing.

关键词： E2 E2-Like flowering time GIGANTEA natural variation redundancy yield

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Techniques for increasing the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes:what factors may be involved?

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第7期65卷 1325-1341页

作者： Zi-Yuan Feng Qing-Yi Zhang Jie Tan Hui-Qi Xie Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Orthopedic Research InstituteMed-X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and constitute an important part in the cell-cell communication.The main contents of the exosomes include proteins,micro RNAs,and lipids.The mechanism and safety of stem cell-derived exosomes have rendered them a promising therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine.Nevertheless,limited yield has restrained full explication of their functions and clinical applications.To address this,various attempts have been made to explore the up-and down-stream manipulations in a bid to increase the production of exosomes.This review has recapitulated factors which may influence the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes,including selection and culture of stem cells,isolation and preservation of the exosomes,and development of artificial exosomes.

关键词： exosome stem cell yield therapy

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Natural variations of ZmSRO1d modulate the trade-off between drought resistance and yield by affecting ZmRBOHC-mediated stomatal ROS production in maize

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Molecular Plant 2022年第10期15卷 1558-1574页

作者： Huajian Gao Junjun Cui Shengxue Liu Shuhui Wang Yongyan Lian Yunting Bai Tengfei Zhu Haohao Wu Yijie Wang Shiping Yang Xuefeng Li Junhong Zhuang Limei Chen Zhizhong Gong Feng Qin Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBejing 100193China School of Life Science Institute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingHebei071002China

While crop yields have historically increased,drought resistance has become a major concern in the context of global climate change.The trade-off between crop yield and drought resistance is a common phenomenon;however,the underlying molecular modulators remain undetermined.Through genome-wide association study,we revealed that three non-synonymous variants in a drought-resistant allele of ZmSRO1d-R resulted in plasma membrane localization and enhanced mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of ZmSRO1d toward ZmRBOHC,which increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in guard cells and promoted stomatal closure.ZmSRO1d-R enhanced plant drought resilience and protected grain yields under drought conditions,but it led to yield drag under favorable conditions.In contrast,loss-of-function mutants of ZmRBOHC showed remarkably increased yields under well-watered conditions,whereas they showed compromised drought resistance.Interestingly,by analyzing 189 teosinte accessions,we found that the ZmSRO1d-R allele was present in teosinte but was selected against during maize domestication and modern breeding.Collectively,our work suggests that the allele frequency reduction of ZmSRO1d-R in breeding programs may have compromised maize drought resistance while increased yields.Therefore,introduction of the ZmSRO1d-R allele into modern maize cultivars would contribute to food security under drought stress caused by global climate change.

关键词： ZmSRO1d stomatal ROS drought resistance yield maize

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Response of growth,metabolism and yield of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami to long-day photoperiod and fertilizer compensation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 151-166页

作者： Zixu Yin Shaohui Fan Wen Xia Yang Zhou Xiao Zhou Xuan Zhang Chengji Li Fengying Guan International Center for Bamboo and Rattan Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing 100102People’s Republic of China National Location Observation and Research Station of the Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Yixing National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationYixing 214200People’s Republic of China

The effects of long-day photoperiod on growth,photo synthetic fluorescence,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and yield of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami and the compensation effects of fertilization were investigated.A completely randomized design was used with two light factors(bamboo culms cultivated in solar greenhouse under long-day[Ls]and short-day[Ln]treatments);two organic nitrogen fertilizer levels(application of organic fertilizer[OF]and no organic fertilizer[NF]);and three nitrogen fertilizer levels(Low[N0],medium[N1]and high nitrogen[N2]).Leaf chlorophyll and fluorescence parameters(φPo,PIABS,and ETo/CSm)decreased and DIo/CSmincreased in Ls compared to Ln.Indole acetic acid(IAA)and gibberellic acid(GA3)levels decreased,whereas abscisic acid(ABA)increased.Leaf area decreased and leaf dry mass increased.The contents of carbon and nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes(nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase,amylase,and sucrose synthase)and products(total nitrogen,organic carbon,soluble sugar,and starch)increased.Single bamboo shoot weight and diameter at breast height decreased,whereas shoot quantity and total yield increased.Fertilizer application significantly affected physiological growth and yield in the two light treatments,thus promoting carbon and nitrogen metabolism.TheφPo,PIABS,IAA,and GA3contents increased slightly,whereas ABA levels decreased.Shoot quantity,individual weight,and total yield improved.IA A,soluble sugar,and total yield to organic manure and light were lower than those of nitrogen levels(FN>FL,FO).Other indicators showed lower responses to different fertilization treatments than the light factor(FL>FN,FO).The ability of D.oldhami to alter its morphological and physiobiochemical traits and yield in response to variations in light applications may translate into high phenotypic plasticity.Fertilization significantly improved photoplasticity of D.oldhami.Under Ls,D.oldhami had high metabolic rates.was easily inhibited by light,and showed accelerated leaf senescence,and shoot quantity and total o

关键词： Light Nitrogen Organic fertilizer Fluorescence parameters Carbon and nitrogen metabolism yield

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Regulation effects of water and nitrogen on yield,water,and nitrogen use efficiency of wolfberry

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 29-45页

作者： GAO Yalin QI Guangping MA Yanlin YIN Minhua WANG Jinghai WANG Chen TIAN Rongrong XIAO Feng LU Qiang WANG Jianjun College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Jingtaichuan Electric Power Irrigation Water Resource Utilization Center in Gansu Province Baiyin 730900China

Wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.)is important for health care and ecological protection.However,it faces problems of low productivity and resource utilization during planting.Exploring reasonable models for water and nitrogen management is important for solving these problems.Based on field trials in 2021 and 2022,this study analyzed the effects of controlling soil water and nitrogen application levels on wolfberry height,stem diameter,crown width,yield,and water(WUE)and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).The upper and lower limits of soil water were controlled by the percentage of soil water content to field water capacity(θ_(f)),and four water levels,i.e.,adequate irrigation(W0,75%-85%θ_(f)),mild water deficit(W1,65%-75%θ_(f)),moderate water deficit(W2,55%-65%θ_(f)),and severe water deficit(W3,45%-55%θ_(f))were used,and three nitrogen application levels,i.e.,no nitrogen(N0,0 kg/hm^(2)),low nitrogen(N1,150 kg/hm^(2)),medium nitrogen(N2,300 kg/hm^(2)),and high nitrogen(N3,450 kg/hm^(2))were implied.The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected plant height,stem diameter,and crown width of wolfberry at different growth stages(Pyield of wolfberry first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application under the same water treatment.Dry weight per hundred grains and dry weight percentage increased with increasing nitrogen application under W0 treatment.However,under other water treatments,the values first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application.yield and its component of wolfberry first increased and then decreased as water deficit increased under the same nitrogen treatment.Irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE,8.46 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)),WUE(6.83 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)),partial factor productivity of nitrogen(PFPN,2.56 kg/kg),and NUE(14.29 kg/kg)reached their highest values in W2N2,W1N2,W1N2,and W1N1 treatments.Results of principal component analysis(PCA)showe

关键词： water deficit growth characteristics yield water and nitrogen use efficiency principal component analysis

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Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheatstraw return

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第2期22卷 400-416页

作者： TIAN Jin-yu LI Shao-ping CHENG Shuang LIU Qiu-yuan ZHOU Lei TAO Yu XING Zhi-peng HU Ya-jie GUO Bao-wei WEI Hai-yan ZHANG Hong-cheng Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Agricultural College Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityXinyang 464000P.R.China

Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient,relatively cheap,and environmentally friendly.However,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment.To address this problem,we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1,B2,B3,B4,and B5=100,190,280,370,and 460 seedlings m-2,respectively) and clarify the physiological basis of yield formation.We selected a representative high-quality rice variety and a multifunctional seeder that used in a typical rice–wheat rotation area in 2016 and 2018.The proportion of main stem panicle increased with increasing seedling density.There was a parabolic relationship between yield and seedling density,and the maximum yield(9.34-9.47 t ha-1) was obtained under B3.The maximum yield was associated with a higher total spikelet number m-2 and greater biomass accumulation from heading to maturity.The higher total spikelet number m-2 under B3 was attributed to an increase in panicle number m-2 compared with B1 and B2.Although the panicle numbers also increased under B4 and B5,these increases were insufficient to compensate for the reduced spikelet numbers per panicle.Lower biomass,smaller leaf area,and lower N uptake per plant from the stem elongation stage to the heading stage were partially responsible for the smaller panicle size at higher seedling density levels such as B5.The higher biomass accumulation under B3 was ascribed to the increases in the photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves m-2 of land,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate,and leaf area index.Furthermore,the B3 rice population was marked by a higher grain–leaf ratio,as well as a lower export ratio and transport ratio of biomass per stem-sheath.A quadratic function predicted that 260-290 seedlings m-2 is the optimum seedling density for achieving maximum yie

关键词： seedling density dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder rice–wheat rotation system yield biomass photosynthetic capacity

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Dry matter production and panicle characteristics of high yield and good taste indica hybrid rice varieties

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1338-1350页

作者： LI Min ZHU Da-wei JIANG Ming-jin LUO De-qiang JIANG Xue-hai JI Guang-mei LI Li-jiang ZHOU Wei-jia Rice Research Institute Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006P.R.China Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006P.R.China

Indica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa) production aims to achieve two crucial targets: high yield and good taste. This study selected three types of indica hybrid rice according to grain yield and taste value, including high yield and good taste(HYGT), low yield and good taste(LYGT), and high yield and poor taste(HYPT), to analyze yield components,corresponding growth characteristics, and rice taste quality. When values were averaged across varieties and years,there were almost no differences in taste value between HYGT and LYGT;HYGT showed a significant increase in yield,owing to a higher number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, with a respective increment of 16.2 and 20.6%. The higher grain yield of HYGT compared with LYGT was attributed to three key factors: a higher leaf area index(LAI) during heading, a higher ratio of grain to leaf, and a higher biomass accumulation at maturity. HYGT and HYPT achieved similar high yields;however, HYGT had more panicle numbers and lower grain weight. In addition, HYGT showed a significantly higher taste value than HYPT, attributed to its significantly lower protein and amylose contents, with reductions of 8.8and 15.7%, respectively. Lower protein and amylose contents might be caused by a proper matter translocation from vegetative organs to panicle. This study suggested that reasonable panicle characteristics and translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to panicle during heading to maturity are the key factors in balancing yield and rice taste quality.These results will provide valuable insights for rice breeders to improve the grain yield and quality of indica hybrid rice.

关键词： indica hybrid rice grain yield taste quality growth characteristics

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Differential Expression of Iron Deficiency Responsive Rice Genes under Low Phosphorus and Iron Toxicity Conditions and Association of OsIRO3 with yield in Acidic Soils

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Rice science 2023年第1期30卷 58-69页

作者： Ernieca Lyngdoh NONGBRI Sudip DAS Karma Landup BHUTIA Aleimo G.MOMIN Mayank RAI Wricha TYAGI School of Crop Improvement College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural SciencesCentral Agricultural University(Imphal)Umiam 793103India

With the hypothesis that iron(Fe) deficiency responsive genes may play a role in Fe toxicity conditions,we studied five such genes OsNAS1,OsNAS3,OsIRO2,OsIRO3 and OsYSL16 across six contrasting rice genotypes for expression under high Fe and low phosphorus(P) conditions,and sequence polymorphism.Genotypes Sahbhagi Dhan,Chakhao Poirieton and Shasharang were high yielders with no bronzing symptom visible under Fe toxic field conditions,and BAM350 and BAM811 were low yielders but did not show bronzing symptoms.Hydroponic screening revealed that the number of crown roots and root length can be traits for consideration for identifying Fe toxicity tolerance in rice genotypes.Fe contents in rice roots and shoots of a high-yielding genotype KMR3 showing leaf bronzing were significantly high.In response to 24 h high Fe stress,the expression levels of OsNAS3 were up-regulated in all genotypes except KMR3.In response to 48 h high Fe stress,the expression levels of OsNAS1 were3-fold higher in tolerant Shasharang,whereas in KMR3,it was significantly down-regulated.Even in response to 7 d excess Fe stress,the transcript abundances of OsIRO2 and OsNAS3 were contrasting in genotypes Shasharang and KMR3.This suggested that the reported Fe deficiency genes had a role in Fe toxicity and that in genotype KMR3 under excess Fe stress,there was disruption of metal homeostasis.Under the 48 h low P conditions,OsIRO2 and OsYSL16 were significantly up-regulated in Fe tolerant genotype Shasharang and in low P tolerant genotype Chakhao Poirieton,respectively.In silico sequence analysis across 3 024 rice genotypes revealed polymorphism for 4 genes.Sequencing across OsIRO3and OsNAS3 revealed nucleotide polymorphism between tolerant and susceptible genotypes for Fe toxicity.Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletions(InDels) differing in tolerant and susceptible genotypes were identified.A marker targeting 25-bp InDel in OsIRO3,when run on a diverse panel of 43 rice genotypes and a biparental population,was associated

关键词： acidic soil low phosphorus iron toxicity OsNAS1 OsIRO3 rice yield

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