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Comparative effects of xylitol and erythritol on modulating blood glucose;inducing insulin secretion;reducing dyslipidemia and redox imbalance in a type 2 diabetes rat model

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第6期12卷 2052-2060页

作者： Nontokozo Z.Msomi Ochuko L.Erukainure Veronica F.Salau Kolawole A.Olofinsan Md.Shahidul Islam Department of Biochemistry University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusDurban 4000South Africa Department of Pharmacology University of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa

xylitol and erythritol have been reported in numerous previous and recent studies as potential antidiabetic sweeteners,however,it is not certain which one is most effective in this *** the present study,the effects of xylitol and erythritol were comparatively investigated on blood glucose,insulin level,dyslipidemia,pancreatic islet morphology andβ-cell function,and redox imbalance in a type 2 diabetes(T2D)model of ***-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:Normal Control(NC),Diabetic Control(DC),Diabetic xylitol 5%(DX5),Diabetic xylitol 10%(DX10),Diabetic xylitol 20%(DX20),Diabetic Erythritol 5%(DE5),Diabetic Erythritol 10%(DE10),and Diabetic Erythritol 20%(DE20).T2D was induced in the diabetic groups initially by feeding 10%fructose solution to induce insulin resistance followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(40 mg/kg body weight)dissolved in citrate buffer(pH 4.5)to induce partial pancreaticβ-cells *** animals in NC group were fed with normal drinking water and injected with citrate buffer *** the confi rmation of diabetes,the xylitol and erythritol with above-mentioned concentrations were supplied to the respective animal groups when the animals in NC and DC groups were supplied with normal drinking *** 8 weeks intervention period,the body weight,fl uid and water intake,blood glucose,serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,CK-MB and creatinine were signifi cantly decreased,while the serum insulin level,serum lipids,glucose tolerance ability,pancreatic islet morphology andβ-cell function,pancreatic and serum redox imbalance were improved in the most xylitol and erythritol fed groups compared to the DC group,when effects were better for xylitol compared to *** data of this study suggests that xylitol has better antioxidant and antidiabetic effects compared to ***,xylitol can be used as a preferrable dietary anti-diabetic sweetener

关键词： xylitol Erythritol Sweeteners Type 2 diabetes Oxidative stress

Efficient one-pot hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived xylitol into ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol over Cu–Ni–ZrO_2 catalyst without solid bases

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第1期28卷 101-106页

作者： Shenglin Li Yifan Zan Yuanyuan Sun Zhichao Tan Gai Miao L. Z. Kong Yuhan Sun CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai University

The directly selective hydrogenolysis of xylitol to ethylene glycol(EG) and 1,2-propylene glycol(1,2-PDO)was performed on Cu–Ni–ZrO_2 catalysts prepared by a co-precipitation method. Upon optimizing the reaction conditions(518 K, 4.0 MPaH_2 and 3 h), 97.0% conversion of xylitol and 63.1% yield of glycols were obtained in water without extra inorganic base. The catalyst still remained stable activity after six cycles and above 80% total selectivity of glycols was obtained when using 20.0% xylitol concentration. XRD, TEM and ICP results indicated that Cu–Ni–ZrO_2 catalysts possess favorable stability. Cu and Ni are beneficial to the cleavage of C–O and C–H bond, respectively. To reduce the hydrogen consumption, isopropanol was added as in-situ hydrogen source and 96.4% conversion of xylitol with 43.6% yield of glycols were realized.

关键词： Hydrogenolysis xylitol Glycols Cu-Ni-ZrO2 catalyst

Alternatives of Small-Scale Biorefineries for the Integrated Production of xylitol from Sugarcane Bagasse

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第2期6卷 139-151页

作者： Nicolás M.Clauser Soledad Gutiérrez María C.Area Fernando E.Felissia María E.Vallejos Materials Institute of Misiones(IMAM) National University of Misiones–National Council of Scientific and Technical Research(UNaM–CONICET)1552 Félix de Azara St.(3300)PosadasMisionesArgentina Faculty of Engineering University of the Republic(UDeLaR)565 Julio Herrera y Reissig St.(11700)MontevideoUruguay

Small-scale biorefinery from sugarcane bagasse offers new possibilities to the sugar and ethanol *** aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a small-scale biorefinery for the production of xylitol from sugarcane *** liquid fraction from the autohydrolysis treatment was selected as the source of sugars for xylitol and two scenarios were analyzed for the residual solid:ethanol or pellet production.A technical-economic analysis of alternatives was *** internal rate of return(IRR)was used to compare the selected *** highest IRR values were obtained when processing 70,000 dry tons per year of *** results showed promising prospects for a small-scale biorefinery with capacities above 20,000 dry tons per year(xylitol and pellets),and above 50,000 dry tons per year(xylitol and ethanol).

关键词： Biorefinery sugarcane bagasse xylitol ethanol pellets

Purification and crystallization of xylitol from fermentation broth of corncob hydrolysates

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 57-64页

作者： Jinchao WEI Qipeng YUAN Tianxin WANG Le WANG State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

xylitol,a five-carbon sugar alcohol,is a valuable sugar substitute,and widely used in the pharmaceutical,odontological and food industry due to its interesting *** the past decades,the xylitol industry has grown rapidly and more attention has been focused on xylitol purification,which possesses an important proportion of the whole *** our paper,the purification and crystallization of xylitol fermentation broth by biotechnology using corncob hydrolysates as substance were *** initial xylitol fermentation broth was decolored with activated carbon(1%M-1,60℃,165 rpm),desalted with a combination of two ionexchange resins(732 and D301),and residual sugars were separated with UBK-555(Ca^(2+)).Then the solution was vacuum-concentrated up to supersaturation(750 g/L xylitol).After adding 1%xylitol crystal seeds,the supersaturated solution was cooled to-20℃for 48 *** crystalline xylitol of a regular tetrahedral shape with purity 95%and crystallization yield 60.2%was obtained from the clarified xylitol fermentation *** intact,economical and environmental-friendly route of purification and crystallization of xylitol from fermentation of corncob hydrolysates was obtained,and its experimental procedure and data provided a sound basis for large-scale industrial production.

关键词： xylitol corncob activated carbon ionexchange resin purification crystallization

Efficacy of xylitol and fluoride mouthrinses on salivary mutans streptococci

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第6期1卷 488-490页

作者： Malee Arunakul Boonyanit Thaweboon Sroisiri Thaweboon Yuwadee Asvanund Kesinee Charoenchaikorn Department of Pedriatic Dentistry Faculty of DentistryMahidol University Department of Oral Microbiology Faculty of DentistryMahidol University Private Clinic

Objective:To evaluate the level of salivary Mutatis streptococci(MS) after rinsing with xylitol, fluoride,and a combination of xylitol and fluoride solutions,compared with distilled water. Methods:Eighty healthy 8-9 years old subjects with high level of MS(> 10~5 CFU/mL) were equally divided into 4 *** rinsed their moutlis for 1 min with 10 mL of 0.05%(w/v) sodium fluoride(NaF),12.5%(w/v) xylitol or 0.05%(w/v) NoF + 12.5%(w/v) xylitol 3 times daily over 10 *** water rinsed group served as a ***-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected at baseline,5 weeks,and 10 weeks after rinsing to determine the level of salivary MS by culturing on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin *** statistical significance was calculated by Kruskol Wallis,Mann Whitney U,and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at a significant level of Pxylitol over other groups within 5 weeks and after 10 weeks and 12.5%xylitol alone after 10 weeks compared with ***:The present study provides evidence for the inhibitory effect of xylitol,used in combination with fluoride,delivered in the form of mouthrinse, on salivary MS in the group of schoolchildren.

关键词： xylitol Fluoride Mouthrinse Mutans streptococci Dental caries Salivary

Modeling of Daptomycin Release from Medium-Dose Daptomycin-xylitol-Loaded PMMA Bone Cements

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第6期7卷 351-360页

作者： Ali Salehi Gladius Lewis Ashley Cox Parker Warren O. Haggard Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Memphis Memphis USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Memphis Memphis USA

Antibiotic-loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cements (ALPBCs) are widely used as an agent to decrease the occurrence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Most often, the antibiotic used in an ALPBC is gentamicin, tobramycin, or vancomycin. In many recent clinical studies, it has been reported that the pathogens that commonly present in PIJ are becoming resistant to these antibiotics. As such, a new generation of antibiotics is emerging, among which is daptomycin. Literature reports with a clinically relevant medium-dose daptomycin-loaded cement show that the daptomycin release rate from cylindrical specimens is low. Incorporation of a poragen, such as dextrose, glycine, or particulate xylitol, into the cement powder has been shown to be an effective way to increase daptomycin release rate. There are, however, no studies on modeling of daptomycin release from specimens of either a daptomycin-loaded cement or a daptomycin-poragen-loaded cement. In the present work, we determine the profiles of daptomycin release from cylindrical medium-dose daptomycin-xylitol-loaded cement specimens, as a function of the particulate xylitol loading. We used these results and relationships that have been shown to model antibiotic release from ALPBC specimens to obtain the best-fit relationship for the present cements. Through this approach, we demonstrated that, regardless of the xylitol loading, the daptomycin release profile is a mixture of initial burst followed by a slow Fickian diffusion.

关键词： Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Bone Cement Daptomycin xylitol Elution

A Statistical Approach to Optimize xylitol Production by Debaryomyces nepalensisNCYC 3413 in Vitro

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1027-1036页

作者： Hima Bindu Kumdam Shweta N. Murthy Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi Applied Industrial Microbiology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology-Madras Chennai 600 036 India

Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413, halotolerant yeast isolated from rotten apple, was capable of utilizing components of hemicellulose hydrolysate such as glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose. The organism utilizes xylose as a sole carbon source and produces xylitol. The Plackett-Burman design was applied to determine the specific medium components affecting xylitol production and found that xylose, K2HPO4, and ZnSO4 were critical in augmenting xylitol production. These significant parameters were further optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum concentrations of xylose, K2HPO4, and ZnSO4 were found to be 100 g/l, 10.6 g/l and 8.9 mg/l respectively. Under these optimal conditions the xylitol production increased from 27 g/l to 36 g/l with a yield of 0.44 g/g (57% increase in total yield). In addition, formation of the by product (glycerol) was decreased under optimal conditions.

关键词： Debaryomyces nepalensis Xylose xylitol Medium Optimization Plackett-Burman Design Central Composite Design

Preliminary Characterization of Xylose Reductase Partially Purified by Reversed Micelles from Candida tropicalisIEC5-ITV, an Indigenous xylitol-Producing Strain

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2012年第1期2卷 9-14页

作者： Yolanda Cocotle-Ronzon Marisol Zendejas-Zaldo Micloth López del Castillo-Lozano MaGuadalupe Aguilar-Uscanga 不详

Xylose reductase (EC 1.***.1.21) of Candida tropicalis IEC5-ITV, an indigenous xylitol-producing strain, was partially purified by reversed micelles and characterized, an 8.1 fold purification factor being obtained. The XR present in the crude extract exhibited its highest specific activity at pH 6.0 and 40℃, while in that obtained by reverse micelles, this occurs at pH 6.0 and 30℃. XR before and after extraction is stable within a range of 30 to 40℃, pH 7 after one hour of incubation under these conditions. After two months’storage at –18℃, the enzyme obtained by reverse micelles lost 76.60% specific activity. The estimated molecular weight by PAGE-SDS was 32.42 kD. KM for xylose was higher for the XR extracted by reverse micelles (0.026 M) than that obtained for the enzyme before extraction (0.0059 M), while KM for cofactor NADPH was lower after than before extraction (1.85 mM to 12.0 mM respectively). There was no activity with NADH as a cofactor. Variations in pH and temperature optima, as well as kinetic parameters before and after partial XR purification by reverse micelles are probably due to an alteration in enzyme molecule structure caused by the solvents used during extraction.

关键词： Xylose Reductase xylitol Reversed Micelles Candida Tropicalis

The Effects of xylitol on Body Weight Loss Management and Lipid Profile on Diet-Induced Obesity Mice

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第10期3卷 54-58页

作者： Nor Ezleen Qistina Ahmad Noornabeela Md Yusoff Institute of Medical Science Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur Kajang Selangor

xylitol is an alternative sweetener which has been previously reported to have many beneficial effects such as prevention from dental caries, reduction of visceral fat and increased synthesis of collagen. However, its role in body weight loss management has not been uncovered before. This study sought to investigate the effects of xylitol on body weight loss management, blood glucose and lipid profile on diet-induced obesity (DOI) mice. Fifteen male mice were subjected to high fat diet (60 kcal%) and normal drinking water for 28 days and then randomly divided into three (control, glucose and xylitol) groups. Each group of mice was then fed with normal diet for another 28 days with supplied normal drinking water (control);glucose solution 10% and xylitol solution 10%. Body weight loss was found to be significantly high in xylitol mice (2.56 ± 0.21, p = 0.003) compared to the other two groups. Lowest blood glucose level was found in the control group mice with the mean 7.65 ± 0.10 (p = 0.001). xylitol mice had also showed the lowest total cholesterol level (4.20 ± 0.90, p = 0.000) than the other groups, but highest in HDL level (2.72 ± 0.14, p = 0.000). In conclusion, these findings proved that xylitol has the potential to reduce body weight, lowering the blood glucose but yet increase the HDL level.

关键词： xylitol Weight Loss Blood Glucose Lipid Profile Diet-Induced Obesity Mice