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Essentiality, Fate, Ecotoxicity, and Health Effects of xanthates and xanthates Based-Compounds—A Review

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第12期10卷 161-203页

作者： Prudence Bararunyeretse Pierre Claver Mpawenayo Lambert Niyoyitungiye Simon Buhungu Research Center for Natural Sciences and Environment Faculty of sciences University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

xanthates are organic synthesized substances with a potentially wide range of applications. They may serve as essential components of many compounds or materials that also play a vital role in various industrial and socio-economic processes. Addressing the question of the use of xanthates without considering their toxicity, and their decomposition process and products would be ecologically and healthily less sustainable. To date, related information is still dispersed and less known to the public. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the existing information on the essentiality, fate, ecotoxicity, and health effects of xanthates and associated compounds. According to available information from scientific, technical, and professional circles, xanthates are diverse, usually with a carbon chain of two to six carbon atoms. They play a crucial role in the sectors of the mining and mineral processing industry, agriculture, wastewater treatment, metal protection, rubber vulcanization, the pharmaceutical industry, and medicine. xanthates’ degradation under different factors and mechanisms, which determine their fate in the environment, leads to the formation of toxic substances, mainly carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen peroxide. xanthates and xanthates degradation products are seriously hazardous to humans, animals, soil and aquatic organisms, enzymatic system, etc. Simultaneous exposure to xanthates and metals results in the magnification or reduction of their toxicity level, depending on the exposed organisms. Such toxicological dimensions should attract more scientific and public attention for more safe production, use, storage, and disposal of xanthates. Due to the high affinity of xanthates for metal, xanthates-modified compounds are efficient metal chelating agents. Such a property should be explored to develop potentially low-cost and effective alternatives for metal removal and recovery from contaminated media. T

关键词： xanthates xanthates Compounds Essentiality Ecotoxicity Health Effects

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Photocatalytic degradation of xanthates under visible light using heterogeneous CuO/TiO 2 /montmorillonite composites

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Green and Smart Mining Engineering 2024年第1期1卷 67-75页

作者： Sikai Zhao Hong Xiao Yunshuang Chen Yaozhong Qi Chenghao Yan Ruixue Ma Qiang Zhao Wenbao Liu Yanbai Shen School of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China

Due to the significant demand for xanthate treatment in mineral effluents, photocatalytic techniques have emerged as one of the most promising solutions. In this study, a high-performance TiO 2 /CuO/montmorillonite photocatalyst was prepared. In this configuration, TiO 2 was the classic photocatalytic material and CuO and montmorillonite were utilized to broaden the adsorption range of solar light and acted as carriers to support the photocatalyst. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed for the comprehensive characterization of the microstructure of the ternary photocatalyst. The results revealed that fine-sized TiO 2 and CuO nanoparticles were uniformly and tightly loaded on the montmorillonite layers. The photocatalytic properties of the photocatalyst were evaluated using sodium butyl xanthate as the target contaminant. For pristine TiO 2 , ultraviolet (UV) light was required to effectively degrade sodium butyl xanthate. Meanwhile, the degradation reaction could be processed efficiently under visible light using the TiO 2 /CuO/montmorillonite composite as the photocatalyst. Moreover, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and radical quench experiments were performed to elucidate the degradation process, and a possible degradation model and mechanism were proposed.

关键词： TiO 2 CuO Montmorillonite Visible-light photocatalysis xanthates

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The xanthate route to all-carbon quaternary centers

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第11期62卷 1450-1462页

作者： Béatrice Quiclet-Sire Samir Z.Zard Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Ecole Polytechnique

This review discusses the numerous routes to all-carbon quaternary centers based on the unique radical chemistry of xanthates. Itsummarizes the various approaches to the synthesis of tertiary xanthates then describes the intra- and intermolecular radicaladditions and combinations thereof that have so far been used to construct quaternary centers.

关键词： xanthates quaternary centers radical addition cyclization tandem reactions

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Optical properties of cobalt xanthate films on different substrates

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第7期21卷 736-740页

作者： I.A.Kariper T.zpozan Education Faculty Erciyes University Chemistry Department Science FacultyErciyes University

Cobalt isopropyl xanthate thin films （CXTFs） were deposited via chemical bath deposition onto different substrates：commercial glass （CG）, indium tin oxide （ITO）, and poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMM）. Isopropyl xanthate was synthesized according to a method described in the literature. The cobalt nitrate and isopropyl xanthate were mixed in a beaker, which allowed the thin films to be deposited via a simple ion-ion mechanism. The transmission, reflectivity, refractive index, dielectric constant, and optical conductivity were investigated for various thin films coated onto different substrates. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the optical properties of the thin films. The lowest value of the transmission and the highest value of the refractive index were observed for the thin films deposited onto PMM. The structure of the cobalt xanthate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, which was measured using a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 400 spectrometer. The stretching vibration of the Co-S bonds was observed at 359 cm^-1 in the FTIR spectrum of the CXTFs.

关键词： thin films cobalt compounds xanthates chemical deposition optical properties

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