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Joinery and Structure:Cultural and Technical Comparison between Traditional wooden Framing Systems in East Asia and Western Europe

引用

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology 2022年第1期6卷 89-118页

作者： LIU Yan Faculty of Architecture and City Planning Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China

Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal *** its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural *** sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural *** framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building *** main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the *** in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and *** most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.

关键词： wooden joint chuandou tailiang sunmao Fachwerk(half-timbering,timber framing) traditional Chinese wooden structure traditional Japanese wooden structure traditional European wooden structure post-and-beam construction

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