Joinery and Structure:Cultural and Technical Comparison between Traditional Wooden Framing Systems in East Asia and Western Europe

作     者：LIU Yan 刘妍

作者机构：Faculty of Architecture and City PlanningKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China 

出 版 物：《Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology》 (中国科学技术史（英文）)

年 卷 期：2022年第6卷第1期

页      面：89-118页

学科分类：08[工学] 081402[工学-结构工程] 081304[工学-建筑技术科学] 0813[工学-建筑学] 0814[工学-土木工程] 

基　　金：Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52008194) 

主　　题：wooden joint chuandou tailiang sunmao Fachwerk(half-timbering,timber framing) traditional Chinese wooden structure traditional Japanese wooden structure traditional European wooden structure post-and-beam construction 

摘      要：Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal *** its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural *** sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural *** framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building *** main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“jointitself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“nodeor literally“jointof the *** in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and *** most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.