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Effect of glaciers on the annual catchment water balance within Budyko framework

Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第1期13卷 51-62页

作者： Shi-Wei LIU Xiaoming WANG Lu ZHANG Wei-Ming KONG Hong-Kai GAO Cun-De XIAO State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China CSIRO Land and water CanberraACT 2601Australia Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

The effects of catchment characteristics and climate variables on water partitioning into evapotranspiratio n and runoff can be evaluated using the Budyko ***,the influence of glaciers on catchment characteristics within the framework has yet been adequately *** we extend the Budyko framework and apply the elasticity method to examine the effects of glaciers on runoff between 2001 and 2010 in 25 upstream catchments of the Tarim River Basin in western *** consideration of glacier mass balance and glacier fraction improves the performance of the Budyko framework,especially for the catchments with a high glacier *** found that the catchment characteristic parameterwas strongly affected by glacier fraction,and it changes from 1.15 to 2.09 when glacier fraction decreases from 0.4191 to *** also reflects the change in water-energy partitioning that eventually effects on evapotranspiration and *** further assessed the average runoff responses to changes in precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,glacier mass balance,and glacier fraction in the 25 *** the runoff appears most sensitive to precipitation in average,its sensitivity to glacier mass balance and glacier area in fact rises from-0.07%to 0.17% and about 0-0.54%,respectively,when the glacier fraction increases from 0.0005 to 0.4191,further demonstrating the increasing influence of glaciers when the fraction becomes *** all,the inclusion of glacier factors in the Budyko framework allows us to understand more about the impacts and contributions of glaciers to runoff at a catchment scale.

关键词： Budyko framework Glacier water balance water resource Runoff elasticity

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Understanding the impact of mountain landscapes on water balance in the upper Heihe River watershed in northwestern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 366-383页

作者： Jia QIN YongJian DING JinKui WU MingJie GAO ShuHua YI ChuanCheng ZHAO BaiSheng YE Man LI ShengXia WANG State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Division of Hydrology water-Land Resources in Cold and Arid Regions Chinese Academy of Sciences

Estimating the impact of mountain landscape on hydrology or water balance is essential for the sus- tainable development strategies of water resources. Specifically, understanding how the change of each landscape influences hydrological components will greatly improve the predictability of hydrological responses to mountain landscape changes and thus can help the government make sounder decisions. In the paper, we used the VIC （Variable Infiltration Capacity） model to conduct hydrological modeling in the upper Heihe River watershed, along with a frozen-soil module and a glacier melting module to improve the simulation. The improved model performed satisfactorily. We concluded that there are differences in the runoff generation of mountain landscape both in space and time. About 50% of the total runoff at the catchment outlet were generated in mid-mountain zone （2,900-4,000 m asl）, and water was mainly consumed in low mountain region （1,700-2,900 m asl） because of the higher requirements of trees and grasses. The runoff coefficient was 0.37 in the upper Heihe River watershed. Barren landscape produced the largest runoff yields （52.46% of the total runoff） in the upper Heihe River watershed, fol- lowed by grassland （34.15%）, shrub （9.02%）, glacier （3.57%）, and forest （0.49%）. In order to simulate the impact of landscape change on hydrological components, three landscape change scenarios were designed in the study. Scenario 1, 2 and 3 were to convert all shady slope landscapes at 2,000-3,300 m, 2,000-3,700 m, and 2,000-4,000 m asl respectively to forest lands, with forest coverage rate increased to 12.4%, 28.5% and 42.0%, respectively. The runoff at the catchment outlet correspondingly declined by 3.5%, 13.1% and 24.2% under the three scenarios. The forest landscape is very important in water conservation as it reduced the flood peak and increased the base flow. The mountains as ＂water towers＂ play important roles in water resources generation and the impact of mountai

关键词： mountain landscape runoff modeling water balance VIC model Heihe River watershed

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Impacts of forestation on the annual and seasonal water balance of a tropical catchment under climate change

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 856-871页

作者： Hero Marhaento Martijn J.Booij Noorhadi Rahardjo Naveed Ahmed Faculty of Forestry Universitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta 55281Indonesia water Engineering and Management Group Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteP.O.Box 2177500 AE Enschedethe Netherlands Faculty of Geography Universitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta 55281Indonesia Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulations Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Background:This study aims to assess the effects of a forestation program and climate change on the annual and seasonal water balance of the Bogowonto catchment(597 km^(2))in Java,*** catchment study is rare example in Indonesia where forestation has been applied at the catchment ***,since the forestation program has been initiated,evaluations of the program only focus on the planting area targets,while the environmental success e.g.,impacts on the hydrological processes have never been *** study used a calibrated Soil and water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model to diagnose the isolated and combined effects of forestation and climate change on five water balance components,namely streamflow(Q),evapotranspiration(ET),surface runoff(Q_(s)),lateral flow(Q_(l))and base flow(Q_(b)).Results:The results show that from 2006 to 2019,forest cover has increased from 2.7% to 12.8% of the total area,while in the same period there was an increase in the mean annual and seasonal temperature,rainfall,and *** of SWAT simulations show that changes in the mean annual and seasonal water balance under the forestation only scenario were relatively minor,while changes were more pronounced under the climate change only *** on the combined impacts scenario,it was observed that the effects of a larger forest area on the water balance were smaller than the effects of climate ***:Although we found that forestation program has minor impacts compared to that of climate change on the hydrological processes in the Bogowonto catchment,seasonally,forestation activity has decreased the streamflow and surface runoff during the wet season which may reduce the risk of moderate ***,much attention should be paid to the way how forestation may result in severe drought events during the dry ***,we urge the importance of accounting for the positive and negative effects in future forestation programs.

关键词： Forestation Land use change Climate change SWAT model water balance Bogowonto catchment

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Transformation of surface water and groundwater and water balance in the agricultural irrigation area of the Manas River Basin,China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 107-118页

作者： Yang Guang He Xinlin Li Xiaolong Long Aihua Xue Lianqing College of water&Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China Xinjiang Production&Construction Group Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving IrrigationShihezi 832003XinjiangChina China Institute of water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038China

Calculation of the water balance is very important to relieve the pressure on water resources in arid agricultural irrigation *** research focused on irrigation water balance calculations in the Manas River Basin of the southern margin of the Junggar Basin of China,and aimed to analyze the groundwater level dynamic trend and response characteristics of the basin water cycle under water-saving irrigation *** surface water and groundwater coupling model of MIKE 11-Visual MODFLOW was used to simulate rainfall runoff in mountainous areas,and quantify the contribution of water balance components in the plain irrigation *** of the delayed watershed in the mountain area was obvious,and when the river runoff exceeded 200 m^(3)/s,the error in the runoff simulation was *** water balance in the plain agricultural irrigation area was in a negative equilibrium state,and the difference between recharge and discharge was−2.65 billion m^(3).The evapotranspiration was 24.49 billion m^(3) under drip irrigation,accounting for only approximately 51%of the total *** lateral discharge of the unsaturated and saturated aquifers was 15.38 billion m^(3),accounting for approximately 32%of the total *** main reason for the groundwater decline in the irrigation area was closely related to the extraction of groundwater,because the amount of recharge and discharge in the natural state was approximately *** MIKE 11-Visual MODFLOW model produced accurate results,and the research method provided a new exploration technique to quantify the effect of water supply mode on the groundwater *** model is suitable for the management of water resources in arid areas.

关键词： water balance coupling model surface water and groundwater water saving irrigation Manas River Basin

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Soil water balance Measurement in Field Scale

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Pedosphere 1992年第2期2卷 115-124页

作者： CHEN ZHI-XIONGInstitute of Soil Science, A cademia Sinica, P.O.Box 821. Nanjing 210008 (China)

A 5-year experiment on water balance has been conducted in a flat rainfed wheat field with an area of 66 × 100 m2 in Fengqiu, Henan Province in China. Based on the analysis of semi-variance functions conducted with soil moisture samples taken from 77 nodes of a 10 × 10m2 grid, the soil moisture distribution in the field was structural with a temporal stability. According to the autocorrelation range of the semi-variance function, S sites were selected for the determination of soil water conditions. The characteristic of probability density function of the differences of water storage in two sets of measurements showed that the distribution of these variables in the field was a normal one. The error in the estimation of the average of S random samples was 14% (α = 0.10), and the errors of water consumption by wheat during the experiments were estimated to be 6-13%.Since the experimental field was large enough to avoid any edge effect, the results obtained should tally with the actual situation. Yet the soil system was heterogeneous, so we must follow the principles of statistics and geostatistics when describing the system 's status with the average of the samples.

关键词： field scale water balance

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Study on the water balance in Three Dominant Plants with Simulated Precipitation Change in Maowusu Sandland

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2001年第1期43卷 82-88页

作者：肖春旺周广胜中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室北京100093

The distribution pattern and productivity of Maowusu sandland terrestrial ecosystem are greatly affected with the future severe global change, especially global precipitation change. Considering the predicative global precipitation change and the appropriate relevant strategy for the sustainable development of the China dry territory, the authors have investigated the response of water balance to global precipitation change by creating an artificial control of four levels of water supply treating 3 dominant plants in Mauwusu sandland. The results showed that the seasonal changes of water storage and moisture of different sandland layer depths were affected by different water supply treatments and different plants. The water storage of the three plant growing sandlands and the moisture of different sandland layer depths increased as water supply was increased. The moisture of different water supply treatments and plants increased with the increase of sandland layer depth. The water storage and moisture of the same layer depth of Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz. growing sandland were larger than that of Salix psammophila C. Wang et Ch. Y. Yang growing sandland, which were in turn higher than that of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. growing sandland in the same water supply treatment. water supply significantly affected the seasonal changes of evaporation and transpiration of the three plant growing sandlands. With the increased levels of water supply, viz. 157.5 mm, 315.0 mm, 472.5 mm and 630.0 mm, the total evaporation was 123.66 mm, 258.68 mm, 376.30 mm, 458.57 mm, respectively, and the total transpiration of A. ordosica was 50.80 mm, 68.93 mm, 108.39 mm, 163.36 mm, respectively, and that of S. psammophila , 47.37 mm, 68.17 mm, 93.65 mm, 135.97 mm, respectively, and that of H. mongolicum 46.73 mm, 67.37 mm, 86.07 mm, 109.64 mm, respectively. Evaporation was significantly higher than transpiration in the experiment.

关键词： global change simulated precipitation Maowusu sandland dominant plants water balance

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Investigation of water balance and Map Crisis Preparation in the Recent Two Decades of Kalacho Plain,Dehdasht,Iran

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Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2020年第3期8卷 90-100页

作者： KhShafiei Motlagh NEbadati Department of Civil Engineering Dehdasht BranchIslamic Azad UniversityDehdashtIran Department of Geology Islamshahr BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIslamshahrIran

Considering the water restrictions,it is important to check the water balance in each *** restrictions are even more important in arid and semi-arid *** purpose of this study was to study the water balance in the Kalacho plain of Kohgiluyeh *** plain is about 15 km east of Dehdasht *** recent years,due to the excessive extraction of lowland wells,the quality of groundwater has also declined ***,hydrogeological assessment and aquifer management seems *** management requires understanding and functioning of the aquifer under natural conditions(firstly)and then predicting the effects of harvesting or ***,understanding the actual behaviors of a natural system requires some research for each particular *** average annual temperature and precipitation in the meteorological stations is about 18.1°C and 394 mm,*** water crisis map of this plain has been prepared based on the data of 45 km2 area during the 1991-1992 blue water *** balance Range of the Kalacho Plain is selected based on available statistics and distribution of piezometers,wells and agricultural *** to the long-term hydrograph,the plain faces an average loss of 0.15 m and a reservoir deficit of 2.5 million *** during the 20-year period,a total of 24 m of drop and 68 million cubic meters of reservoir deficits were created in the *** calculating the effective parameters in the general water balance equation(inputs and outputs),the plain was finally divided into five critical *** 1,2 and 3 are the most critical lowland areas in the vicinity of the hydraulic connection with the Gachsaran Fm.,and areas 4 and 5 are less critical because of the adjacent Asmari Formation,which feed on this karstic ***,this negative balance indicates an increasing drop in groundwater level and its reservoir deficit.

关键词： water balance crisis map Kalacho Plain

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Assessing the Influence of Global Climate and Anthropogenic Activities on the water balance of an Andean Lake

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2011年第12期3卷 883-891页

作者： Julio Canon Juan Valdes Universidad de Antioquia Grupo GAIAMedellínColombia Department of Hydrology and water Resources The University of ArizonaTucsonUSA

Tropical regions along the Andean Cordillera face an uncertain future as mountain lakes and snow peaks exhibit receding trends associated with factors such as climatic precursors and local anthropogenic activities. Tota, the largest mountain lake in the Colombian Andes, exemplifies the role played by these factors on the lake's hydrologic evolution. A monthly water balance in Tota Lake was performed using available hydrological information from 1958 to 2007 to address interannual and multiannual level fluctuations associated with human activities and climatic precursors. The balance shows that net water uses fluctuated around 2 m3/s during this period with a pattern that, although constrained during years of severe decline in lake levels, is able to explain most of the multiannual decaying trend of 1.5 cm/year in the last 50 years. The lake’s naturalized levels were used to determine the influence of climate precursors on the lake evolution. Using Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA), significant five-year ENSO and 20-year PDO related quasi-oscillations were detected, explaining 54% of the variance associated with mean annual naturalized level fluctuations. ENSO is markedly in-phase with lake levels, with critical declines associated with low precipitation and high evaporation rates during El Ni?o years, whereas the PDO signal exhibits a phase opposition with lake levels, with low naturalized levels during a positive PDO phase and high levels during a negative PDO phase (an important result to consider given the current cooling trend of the PDO signal).

关键词： water balance Andean Lakes Climate Teleconnections

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Multi-Model Approach for Assessing the Influence of Calibration Criteria on the water balance in Ouémé Basin

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2024年第3期16卷 207-218页

作者： Aymar Yaovi Bossa Mahutin Aristide Oluwatobi Kpossou Jean Hounkpè Félicien Djigbo Badou National Institute of water University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Ecole d’Horticulture et d’Aménagement Des Espaces Verts Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Benin

Hydrological models are very useful tools for evaluating water resources, and the hydroclimatic hazards associated with the water cycle. However, their calibration and validation require the use of performance criteria which choice is not straightforward. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of the performance criteria on water balance components and water extremes using two global rainfall-runoff models (HBV and GR4J) over the Ouémé watershed at the Bonou and Savè outlets. Three (3) Efficacy criteria (Nash, coefficient of determination, and KGE) were considered for calibration and validation. The results show that the Nash criterion provides a good assessment of the simulation of the different parts of the hydrograph. KGE is better for simulating peak flows and water balance elements than other efficiency criteria. This study could serve as a basis for the choice of performance criteria in hydrological modelling.

关键词： Hydrological Modelling Performance Criteria water balance Ouémé Basin

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On the Downscaling of Meteorological Fields Using Recurrent Networks for Modelling the water balance in a Meso-Scale Catchment Area of Saxony,Germany

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2013年第4期3卷 552-561页

作者： Rico Kronenberg Klemens Barfus Johannes Franke Christian Bernhofer Technische Universitat Dresden DresdenGermany Bauman Moscow State Technical University MoscowRussia

In this study, recurrent networks to downscale meteorological fields of the ERA-40 re-analysis dataset with focus on the meso-scale water balance were investigated. Therefore two types of recurrent neural networks were used. The first approach is a coupling between a recurrent neural network and a distributed watershed model and the second a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) network, which directly predicted the component of the water balance. The approaches were deployed for a meso-scale catchment area in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. The results show that the coupled approach did not perform as well as the NARX network. But the meteorological output of the coupled approach already reaches an adequate quality. However the coupled model generates as input for the watershed model insufficient daily precipitation sums and not enough wet days were predicted. Hence the long-term annual cycle of the water balance could not be preserved with acceptable quality in contrary to the NARX approach. The residual storage change term indicates physical restrictions of the plausibility of the neural networks, whereas the physically based correlations among?the components of the water balance were preserved more accurately by the coupled approach.

关键词： Downscaling Recurrent Neural Networks NARX WaSim-ETH water balance ERA-40 Re-Analysis

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