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The WAK-like protein RFO1 acts as a sensor of the pectin methylation status in Arabidopsis cell walls to modulate root growth and defense

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Molecular Plant 2023年第5期16卷 865-881页

作者： Apolonio I.Huerta Gloria Sancho-Andre´s Juan Carlos Montesinos Javier Silva-Navas Sole`ne Bassard Corinne Pau-Roblot Christopher Kesten Rudolf Schlechter Susanne Dora Temurkhan Ayupov Je´rome Pelloux^ Julia Santiago Clara Sa´nchez-Rodrı´guez ETH Zurich Institute of Molecular Plant Biology(D-BIOL)ZurichSwitzerland University of Lausanne Department of Plant Molecular BiologyLausanneSwitzerland UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro–BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation Universite´de Picardie33 Rue St Leu80039 AmiensFrance Present address:Lonza AG VispVisSwitzerland Present address:Institute of Microbiology Freie Universitat BerlinBerlinGermany Present address:Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology-Basel BaselSwitzerland Present address:Centro de Biotecnologı´a y Geno´mica de Plantas Universidad Polite´cnica de Madrid(UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigacio´n y Tecnologı´a Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPM28223 Pozuelo de Alarco´nSpain

Most organisms adjust their development according to the environmental conditions.For the majority,this implies the sensing of alterations to cell walls caused by different cues.Despite the relevance of this process,few molecular players involved in cell wall sensing are known and characterized.Here,we show that the wall-associated kinase-like protein RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 1(RFO1)is required for plant growth and early defense against Fusarium oxysporum and functions by sensing changes in the pectin methylation levels in the cell wall.The RFO1 dwell time at the plasma membrane is affected by the pectin methylation status at the cell wall,regulating MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE and gene expression.We show that the extracellular domain of RFO1 binds de-methylated pectin in vitro,whose distribution in the cell wall is altered during F.oxysporum infection.Further analyses also indicate that RFO1 is required for the BR-dependent plant growth alteration in response to inhibition of pectin de-methyl-esterase activity at the cell wall.Collectively,our work demonstrates that RFO1 is a sensor of the pectin methylation status that plays a unique dual role in plant growth and defense against vascular pathogens.

关键词： alterations walls pectin

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Sliding walls: a new paradigm for fluidic actuation and protocol implementation in microfluidics

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1093-1102页

作者： Bastien Venzac Yang Liu Ivan Ferrante Pablo Vargas Ayako Yamada Remi Courson Marine Verhulsel Laurent Malaquin Jean-Louis Viovy Stephanie Descroix Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityCNRS UMR16875005 ParisFrance Sorbonne Universites UPMC Univ Paris 0675005 ParisFrance Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes PSL Research University75005 ParisFrance Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityCNRS UMR 14475005 ParisFrance LAAS-CNRS Universitéde ToulouseCNRS31400 ToulouseFrance

Currently,fluidic control in microdevices is mainly achieved either by external pumps and valves,which are expensive and bulky,or by valves integrated in the chip.Numerous types of internal valves or actuation methods have been proposed,but they generally impose difficult compromises between performance and fabrication complexity.We propose here a new paradigm for actuation in microfluidic devices based on rigid or semi-rigid walls with transversal dimensions of hundreds of micrometres that are able to slide within a microfluidic chip and to intersect microchannels with hand-driven or translation stage-based actuation.With this new concept for reconfigurable microfluidics,the implementation of a wide range of functionalities was facilitated and allowed for no or limited dead volume,low cost and low footprint.We demonstrate here several fluidic operations,including on/off or switch valving,where channels are blocked or reconfigured depending on the sliding wall geometry.The valves sustain pressures up to 30kPa.Pumping and reversible compartmentalisation of large microfluidic chambers were also demonstrated.This last possibility was applied to a“4D”migration assay of dendritic cells in a collagen gel.Finally,sliding walls containing a hydrogel-based membrane were developed and used to concentrate,purify and transport biomolecules from one channel to another,such functionality involving complex fluidic transport patterns not possible in earlier microfluidic devices.Overall,this toolbox is compatible with“soft lithography”technology,allowing easy implementation within usual fabrication workflows for polydimethylsiloxane chips.This new technology opens the route to a variety of microfluidic applications,with a focus on simple,hand-driven devices for point-of-care or biological laboratories with low or limited equipment and resources.

关键词： walls hundreds operations

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Improvement on compressive properties of lotus-type porous copper by a nickel coating on pore walls

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第2期37卷 114-122页

作者： Hao Du Chuanyu Cui Housheng Liu Guihong Song Tianying Xiong Division of Surface Engineering of Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Technology Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang110870China

The aim of this work is to understand the effect of a thin coating on the compressive properties of the porous metal.In our work,the uniaxial compressive behavior and the energy absorption properties of the lotus-type porous copper deposited with Ni coatings with thickness from 3.9 to 4.8μm on pore walls were investigated.It is found that the Ni coating on pore walls shows a clear enhancement effect on compressive properties of the lotus-type porous copper,in which the specific yield strength and the energy absorption per unit mass at densification strain increase from 5.27 to 7.31 MPa cm3 g-1 and from 11.50 to 18.21 J g-1 with the Ni coating,respectively.Furthermore,the enhancement appears to be insensitive to the coating thickness.It is considered that the resistance of the interface between the nickel coating and the pore walls to the dislocation slip plays an important role in the improvement on compressive properties of the lotus-type porous copper.

关键词： Lotus-type porous copper Coating Pore walls Compressive properties

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Giant thermoelectric power factor in charged ferroelectric domain walls of GeTe with Van Hove singularities

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 19-26页

作者： Ðorđe Dangić Stephen Fahy Ivana Savić Department of Physics University College CorkCollege RoadCork T12 K8AFIreland Tyndall National Institute Dyke ParadeCork T12 R5CPIreland

Increasing the Seebeck coefficient S in thermoelectric materials usually drastically decreases the electrical conductivity σ,making significant enhancement of the thermoelectric power factor σS^(2) extremelly challenging.Here we predict,using first-principles calculations,that the extraordinary properties of charged ferroelectric domain walls(DWs)in GeTe enable a five-fold increase ofσS^(2) in the DW plane compared to bulk.The key reasons for this enhancement are the confinement of free charge carriers at the DWs and Van Hove singularities in the DW electronic band structure near the Fermi level.

关键词： ferroelectric walls extreme

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Application of a long short-term memory for deconvoluting conductance contributions at charged ferroelectric domain walls

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 319-325页

作者： Theodor S.Holstad Trygve M.Ræder Donald M.Evans Didirk R.Småbråten Stephan Krohns Jakob Schaab Zewu Yan Edith Bourret Antonius T.Jvan Helvoort Tor Grande Sverre M.Selbach Joshua C.Agar Dennis Meier Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)7491 TrondheimNorway Department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Experimental Physics V Center for Electronic Correlations and MagnetismUniversity of Augsburg86159 AugsburgGermany Department of Materials ETH Zurich8093 ZürichSwitzerland Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Physics ETH Zurich8093 ZürichSwitzerland Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)7491 TrondheimNorway

Ferroelectric domain walls are promising quasi-2D structures that can be leveraged for miniaturization of electronics components and new mechanisms to control electronic signals at the nanoscale.Despite the significant progress in experiment and theory,however,most investigations on ferroelectric domain walls are still on a fundamental level,and reliable characterization of emergent transport phenomena remains a challenging task.

关键词： walls ferroelectric conductance

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Numerical Modeling Strategy for the Simulation of Nonlinear Response of Slender Reinforced Concrete Structural walls

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第9期120卷 583-627页

作者： Mohammed A.Mohammed Andre R.Barbosa School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA

A three-dimensional nonlinear modeling strategy for simulating the seismic response of slender reinforced concrete structural walls with different cross-sectional shapes is presented in this paper.A combination of nonlinear multi-layer shell elements and displacement-based beam-column elements are used to model the unconfined and confined parts of the walls,respectively.A uniaxial material model for reinforcing steel bars that includes buckling and low-cyclic fatigue effects is used to model the longitudinal steel bars within the structural walls.The material model parameters related to the buckling length are defined based on an analytical expression for reinforcing steel bars embedded in reinforced concrete elements,which are developed based on beam-on-springs model,and validated with experimental tests of boundary elements of structural walls available in the literature.Six experimental case studies of reinforced concrete walls with rectangularshape,T-shape,and U-shape cross-section are used to validate the structural wall numerical modeling strategy.

关键词： Bar buckling finite element modeling low-cycle fatigue reinforced concrete structural walls

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Predicting flows through microfluidic circuits with fluid walls

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第6期7卷 119-127页

作者： Cyril Deroy Nicholas Stovall-Kurtz Federico Nebuloni Cristian Soitu Peter R.Cook Edmond J.Walsh Department of Engineering Science Osney Thermo-Fluids LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxford OX20ESUK Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNYUSA

The aqueous phase in traditional microfluidics is usually confined by solid walls;flows through such systems are often predicted accurately.As solid walls limit access,open systems are being developed in which the aqueous phase is partly bounded by fluid walls(interfaces with air or immiscible liquids).Such fluid walls morph during flow due to pressure gradients,so predicting flow fields remains challenging.We recently developed a version of open microfluidics suitable for live-cell biology in which the aqueous phase is confined by an interface with an immiscible and bioinert fluorocarbon(FC40).Here,we find that common medium additives(fetal bovine serum,serum replacement)induce elastic no-slip boundaries at this interface and develop a semi-analytical model to predict flow fields.We experimentally validate the model’s accuracy for single conduits and fractal vascular trees and demonstrate how flow fields and shear stresses can be controlled to suit individual applications in cell biology.

关键词： walls flows flow

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Cuticle and skin cell walls have common and unique roles in grape berry splitting

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2428-2438页

作者： Ben-Min Chang Markus Keller Department of Horticulture Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension CenterWashington State UniversityProsserWAUSA

The skin protects a fruit from environmental stresses and supports the fruit’s structure.Failure of the skin leads to fruit splitting and may compromise commercial production for fruit growers.The mechanical properties of the cuticle and skin cell walls might influence the splitting susceptibility of fleshy fruits.Thin shell theory and fracture mechanics were utilized in this study to target the potential factors contributing to splitting susceptibility.The study analyzed the structure of the cuticle and epidermis in ripening grape berries and examined the temporal dynamics of berry splitting.Cuticular waxes were partially removed,and skin cell walls were manipulated using wall stiffening and loosening solutions that altered reactions involving hydrogen peroxide.A more than twofold difference in cuticle thickness among grape cultivars did not account for their differences in splitting resistance.However,while removing predominantly epicuticular wax did not alter the berries’splitting resistance,their surface appearance and increasing yield strength following partial wax removal support the notion that cuticular waxes contribute to berry mechanical properties.Immersing berries in H 2 O 2-based cell wall loosening solutions increased the splitting probability and accelerated berry splitting,whereas cell wall stiffening solutions decreased the splitting probability and delayed berry splitting.These results showed that both cuticle and skin cell walls contribute to the mechanical properties of grape berries and to their splitting resistance.The results also suggest that the two current explanations for fruit splitting,the critical turgor model and the zipper model,should be viewed as complementary rather than incompatible.

关键词： walls splitting Cut

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Evaluation of four final irrigation protocols for cleaning root canal walls

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第3期12卷 269-274页

作者： Qiang Li Qian Zhang Xiaoying Zou Lin Yue Department of Cariology Endodontology and Operative DentistrySchool and Hospital of StomatologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of four final irrigation protocols in smear layer removal and bacterial inhibition in root canal systems.Thirty roots inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis were prepared with ProTaper Universal files.The teeth were disinfected by conventional needle irrigation,sonic agitation using the EndoActivator device,passive ultrasonic irrigation,or an M3 Max file.Teeth with no root canal preparation served as blank controls for the establishment of the infection baseline.Teeth with preparation but no final irrigation served as a post-instrumentation baseline.After the final irrigation,the teeth were sectioned in half.One half of each tooth was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to assess smear layer removal using a five-point scale.The other half was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)using the LIVE/DEAD BackLight bacterial viability kit to evaluate the depth of bacterial survival in dentinal tubules.SEM analysis revealed no significant difference in smear layer removal throughout the whole canal among the EA,PUI,and M3 Max groups(P>0.05).CLSM revealed that PUI achieved the greatest bacterial inhibition depth in the coronal((174.27±31.63)μm),middle((160.94±37.77)μm),and apical((119.53±28.49)μm)thirds of the canal(all P<0.05 vs.other groups).According to this comprehensive SEM and CLSM evaluation,PUI appears to have the best infection control ability in root canal systems.

关键词： needle walls irrigation

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Tunable vertical ferroelectricity and domain walls by interlayer sliding inβ-ZrI_(2)

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1600-1608页

作者： Xiaonan Ma Chang Liu Wei Ren Sergey A.Nikolaev Physics Department State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steeland International Center of Quantum and Molecular StructuresShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature SuperconductorsShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative(WRHI) Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology4259 NagatsutaMidori-kuYokohamaKanagawa 226-8503Japan Laboratory for Materials and Structures Tokyo Institute of Technology4259 NagatsutaMidori-kuYokohamaKanagawa 226-8503Japan National Institute for Materials Science MANA1-1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan

Vertical ferroelectricity where a net dipole moment appears as a result of in-plane ionic displacements has gained enormous attention following its discovery in transition metal dichalcogenides.Based on first-principles calculations,we report on the evidence of robust vertical ferroelectricity upon interlayer sliding in layered semiconductingβ-ZrI_(2),a sister material of polar semimetals MoTe_(2)and WTe_(2).The microscopic origin of ferroelectricity in ZrI_(2)is attributed to asymmetric shifts of electronic charges within a trilayer,revealing a subtle interplay of rigid sliding displacements and charge redistribution down to ultrathin thicknesses.We further investigate the variety of ferroelectric domain boundaries and predict a stable charged domain wall with a quasi-twodimensional electron gas and a high built-in electric field that can increase electron mobility and electromechanical response in multifunctional devices.Semiconducting behaviour and a small switching barrier of ZrI_(2)hold promise for various ferroelectric applications,and our results provide important insights for further development of slidetronics ferroelectricity.

关键词： ferroelectric interlayer walls

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