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Enhancement of vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited organic photovoltaics through the independent processing of additives

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 768-777页

作者： Damin Lee Changwoo Park Gayoung Ham Young Yong Kim Sung-Nam Kwon Junyeong Lee Sungjin Jo Seok-In Na Hyojung Cha Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju-siJeollabuk-do 54896Republic of Korea School of Energy Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

Herein,the impact of the independent control of processing additives on vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited (SD) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and its subsequent effects on charge carrier kinetics at the electron donor-acceptor interface are investigated.The film morphology exhibits notable variations,significantly depending on the layer to which 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was applied.Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals distinctly separated donor/acceptor phases and vertical crystallinity details in SD films.Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis is employed to obtain component distributions in diverse vertical phase structures of SD films depending on additive control.In addition,nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that DIO control significantly affects the dynamics of separated charges in SD films.In SD OPVs,DIO appears to act through distinct mechanisms with minimal restriction,depending on the applied layer.This study emphasizes the significance of morphological optimization in improving device performance and underscores the importance of independent additive control in the advancement of OPV technology.

关键词： Sequential deposition vertical phase separation Charge dynamics Organic photovoltaics Nonfullerene acceptors

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Optimizing vertical phase separation via an upside down placed method for highly efficient polymer solar cells

Optimizing vertical phase separation via an upside down plac...

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第三届新型太阳能电池学术研讨会

作者：孙倩倩张福俊 Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information Ministry of EducationBeijing Jiaotong University

Morphology optimization of the active layer is an essential way to improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of polymer solar cells(PSCs).The key factors for the active layer morphology are the lateral phase separated morphology and the vertical phase separation.In this work,upside down placed method was carried to optimize the vertical phase separation of active layer.The PCE of PSCs based on PTB7-Th:PCBM as active layer was increased to 10.00% from 9.46% by using upside down placed method.The short circuit current(Jsc) of PSCs with upside down placed was significantly improved compared with the PSCs with right side up placed.It should be attributed to the optimal vertical gradient of PTB7-Th:PCBM film with a more continuous fullerene phase and electron transport channel in the vertical direction.The more favorable vertical D:A composition gradient of active layer was formed during upside down placed process,because fullerene-derivatives can be migrated towards the top surface of the active layer under the role of gravity.The simple upside down placed method for active layer may an effective strategy to optimize the vertical phase separation and obtain highly efficient PSCs.

关键词： vertical phase separation upside down placed Polymer solar cells

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Optimizing vertical phase separation via an upside down placed method for highly efficient polymer solar cells

Optimizing vertical phase separation via an upside down plac...

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中国化学会第30届学术年会-第二十二分会：有机光伏的机...

作者： Qianqian Sun Fujun Zhang Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information Ministry of EducationBeijing Jiaotong University

关键词： vertical phase separation upside down placed Polymer solar cells

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Solid Additive-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Processing for 19%Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第7期15卷 16-29页

作者： Guanyu Ding Tianyi Chen Mengting Wang Xinxin Xia Chengliang He Xiangjun Zheng Yaokai Li Di Zhou Xinhui Lu Lijian Zuo Zhikang Xu Hongzheng Chen State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 310014People’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Adsorption and separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Morphology is of great significance to the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs),since appropriate morphology could not only promote the exciton dissociation,but also reduce the charge recombination.In this work,we have developed a solid additive-assisted layer-by-layer(SAA-LBL)processing to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs.By adding the solid additive of fatty acid(FA)into polymer donor PM6 solution,controllable pre-phase separation forms between PM6 and FA.This intermixed morphology facilitates the diffusion of acceptor Y6 into the donor PM6 during the LBL processing,due to the good miscibility and fast-solvation of the FA with chloroform solution dripping.Interestingly,this results in the desired morphology with refined phase-separated domain and vertical phase-separation structure to better balance the charge transport/collection and exciton dissociation.Consequently,the binary single junction OSCs based on PM6:Y6 blend reach champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.16%with SAA-LBL processing,which can be generally applicable to diverse systems,e.g.,the PM6:L8-BO-based devices and thick-film devices.The efficacy of SAA-LBL is confirmed in binary OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO,where record PCEs of 19.02%and 16.44%are realized for devices with 100 and 250 nm active layers,respectively.The work provides a simple but effective way to control the morphology for high-efficiency OSCs and demonstrates the SAA-LBL processing a promising methodology for boosting the industrial manufacturing of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Fatty acid Solid additive Layer-by-layer vertical phase separation

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Effects of acetone-soaking treatment on the performance of polymer solar cells based on P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第11期23卷 666-671页

作者：刘宇譞吕龙峰宁宇陆运章鲁启鹏张春梅方一唐爱伟胡煜峰娄志东滕枫侯延冰 Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information of the Ministry of Education Institute of Optoelectronic Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Department of Chemistry School of Science Beijing Jiaotong University

The improvement of the acetone-soaking treatment to the performance of polymer solar cells based on the P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction is reported. Undergoing acetone-soaking, the PCBM does not distribute uniformly in the vertical direction, a PCBM enrichment layer forms on the top of the active layer, which is beneficial to the collec- tion of the carriers and blocking the inverting diffusion carriers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis reveals that the PCBM weight ratio on the top of the active layer increases by 20% after the acetone-soaking treatment. Due to the nonuniform distribution of PCBM, the short-circuit current density, the open-circuit voltage, and the fill factor are enhanced significantly. Finally, the power conversion efficiency of the acetone-soaking device increases by 31% compared with the control device.

关键词： polymer solar cells solvent treatment vertical phase separation morphology

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Organic-semiconductor： Polymer-electret blends for high-performance transistors

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Nano Research 2018年第11期11卷 5835-5848页

作者： Peng Wei Shengtao Li Dongfan Li Han Yu Xudong Wang Congcong Xu Yaodong Yang Laju Bu Guanghao Lu Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 7100S4 China School of Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

As compared with polymer semiconductors, solution-processed small-molecule semiconductors usually have poorer film-formation properties, which induces wide variations in device performance in terms of mobility and threshold voltage, thus severely limiting their commercial applications. In this work, we propose an easily accessible method to improve the performance and reduce the variability of small-molecule organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) by blending organic semiconductors with an insulator polymer, which is subsequently post-treated by gate stress to generate an electret. By blending the organic semiconductor 2,7-didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C12-BTBT) with the insulator polystyrene, uniform transport layers with vertically phase segregated morphology are obtained, from which the mobility and threshold voltage of OFETs are largely manipulated. The OFETs exhibit field-effect mobilities as high as 7.5 cm2·V−1·s−1 with an on/off ratio exceeding 106 in ambient conditions. This double-layer structure provides an appropriate architecture for applying gate-stress to inject charges into the insulating layer, forming an electret. The generation of the electret is thermally accelerated and thus can be easily realized under moderate gate-stress at elevated temperature (e.g., 60 °C). After cooling, the electret layer serves as a floating-gate, which not only continuously tunes the threshold voltage and field-effect mobility, but also helps minimize the contact resistances and optimize the subthreshold swing. As an application of this method, a digital inverter is built and its performance is optimized via in situ tuning of its individual transistors.

关键词： organic field-effect transistors organic electronics vertical phase separation gate stress polymer electrets C 12 -BTBT

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Layer-by-layer slot-die coated high-efficiency organic solar cells processed using twin boiling point solvents under ambient condition

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 4236-4242页

作者： Yu Yang Erming Feng Hengyue Li Zichao Shen Wanrong Liu Jingbo Guo Qun Luo Jidong Zhang Guanghao Lu Changqi Ma Junliang Yang Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of Physics and ElectronicsCentral South UniversityChangsha410083China Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710054China Printable Electronics Research Center Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China

Layer-by-layer (LbL) strategy has been developed to form bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure for processing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, LbL slot-die coating with twin boiling point solvents (TBPS) strategy was developed to fabricate highly efficient OSCs, which matches with large-scale, high throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) industrialized mass process. The TBPS strategy could produce high-quality thin film without any additive, leading to the optimized vertical phase separation with interpenetrating nanostructures, as well as the enhanced charge transport and extraction. Thus, the power conversion efficiency up to 14.42% was achieved for [(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1′,3′-di-2-thienyl-5′,7′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′-c:4′,5′-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione)]:2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3″:4″,5″]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene)) bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (PM6:Y6) OSCs fabricated via sequentially LbL slot-die coating using the TBPS strategy under ambient condition. The research provides a potential route for industrialized production of high-efficiency and large-area OSC devices.

关键词： organic solar cells slot-die coating twin boiling point solvent layer-by-layer(LbL) vertical phase separation

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Molecular dispersion enhances photovoltaic efficiency and thermal stability in quasi-bilayer organic solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第1期64卷 116-126页

作者： Xuning Zhang Yanxun Li Dongyang Zhang Guangbao Wu Hong Zhang Jiyu Zhou Xing Li Saud-uz-Zafar Jianqi Zhang Zhixiang Wei Huiqiong Zhou Yuan Zhang School of Chemistry\Beijing Advanced Innovation Center fo r Biomedical Engineering.Beihang University Beijing 100191China CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosvstem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China

In comparison to widely adopted bulk heterojunction(BHJ)structures for organic solar cells(OSC),exploiting the sequential deposition to form planar heterojunction(PHJ)structures enables to realize the favorable vertical phase separation to facilitate charge extraction and reduce charge recombination in OSCs.However,effective tunings on the power conversion efficiency(PCE)in PHJ-OSCs are still restrained by the currently available methods.Based on a polymeric donor PBDBT-2 F(PBDBT=Poly[[4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluoro-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl[5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,8-dioxo-4 H,8 H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-1,3-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl])and a non-fullerene(NF)acceptor Y6,we proposed a strategy to improve the properties of photovoltaic performances in PHJ-based OSCs through dilute dispersions of the PBDBT-2 F donor into the acceptor-dominant phase with the sequential film deposition.With the control of donor dispersions,the charge transport balance in the PHJ-OSCs is improved,leading to the expedited photocarrier sweep-out with reduced bimolecular charge recombination.As a result,a PCE of 15.4%is achieved in the PHJ-OSCs.Importantly,the PHJ solar cells with donor dispersions exhibit better thermal stability than corresponding BHJ devices,which is related to the better film morphology robustness and less affected charge sweep-out during the thermal aging.

关键词： diluted donor dispersion sequential film deposition vertical phase separation thermal stability

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Layer-by-layered organic solar cells:Morphology optimizing strategies and processing techniques

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Aggregate 2022年第3期3卷 27-47页

作者： Runnan Yu Xueqi Wei Guangzheng Wu Zhan’ao Tan Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina

The last decades have witnessed the rapid development and the gradually improved efficiencies of organic solar cells(OSCs),which show great potentials in the fabrication of eco-friendly and flexible photovoltaic panels.Layer-by-layered(LBL)structure via sequential processing of the donor and acceptor layers becomes an advisable option to construct pseudo-bilayer configurations in OSC active layer.Favorable vertical phase separation and sufficient exciton dissociation interfaces can be simultaneously realized in such aggregation morphology via different processing technologies and strategies.High efficiencies of over 18%in ternary LBL device and 11.9%in LBL-processed module(11.52 cm2)have been successfully achieved in recent works.Moreover,the unique merits of LBL structure in individual layer processing enable it a promising candidate for large-scale printing and further industrialization of OSCs.This perspective provides the recent advance of LBL OSCs with the focus on fabrication technologies and strategies for morphology control and also proposes the current thinking and perspective on LBL structures for future development.

关键词： layer-by-layer morphology control organic solar cells vertical phase separation

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Optimization of solvent swelling for efficient organic solar cells via sequential deposition

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2021年第4期1卷 77-83页

作者： Qiaogan Liao Bangbang Li Huiliang Sun Chang Woo Koh Xianhe Zhang Bin Liu Han Young Woo Xugang Guo Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongPR China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen 518055GuangdongPR China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001PR China Research Institute for Natural Sciences Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul 136-713South Korea

Compared to bulk heterojunction(BHJ)organic solar cells(OSCs)prepared by the blend casting in“one step process”,sequential deposition(SD)processed OSCs can realize an ideal profile of vertical component distribution due to the swelling of polymer films.Herein,we did trials on several kinds of second solvents for swelling the polymer layer,and investigated the packing structure and morphology of the swollen films and the performance of the resulting devices.We found that an optimized morphology can be achieved by solvent swelling while using orthodichlorobenzene(o-DCB)as the second layer processing-solvent,with polymer donor PffBT-3 as bottom layer,PC71BM as top layer and bicontinuous networks in the middle.Such solvent swelling process also makes the SD method exempt from thermal annealing treatment.The device based on SD yields a power conversion effi-ciency(PCE)up to 8.7%without any post-treatment,outperforming those from the devices based on SD using other solvents and that(7.06%)from BHJ device,respectively.We also extended the use of this approach to allpolymer blend system,and successfully improved the efficiency from 4.72%(chloroform)to 9.35%(o-DCB),which is among the highest PCEs in all-polymer-based OSCs fabricated with SD method.The results demonstrate that the swelling of the polymer by the second layer solvent is a necessity for SD,paving the way towards additivefree high-performance OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Bulk heterojunction Sequential deposition Solvent swelling vertical phase separation Second solvent

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