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Dependence of tropical cyclone intensification on the Latitude under Vertical Shear

Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第1期32卷 113-123页

作者： Mingyu BI Xuyang GE Tim LI Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology International Pacific Research Center/Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa

The sensitivity of tropical cyclone（TC） intensification to the ambient rotation effect under vertical shear is investigated. The results show that the vortices develop more rapidly with intermediate planetary vorticity, which suggests an optimal latitude for the TC development in the presence of vertical shear. This is different from the previous studies in which no mean flow is considered. It is found that the ambient rotation has two main effects. On the one hand,the boundary layer imbalance is largely controlled by the Coriolis parameter. For TCs at lower latitudes, due to the weaker inertial instability, the boundary inflow is promptly established, which results in a stronger moisture convergence and thus greater diabatic heating in the inner core region. On the other hand, the Coriolis parameter modulates the vertical realignment of the vortex with a higher Coriolis parameter, favoring a quicker vertical realignment and thus a greater potential for TC development. The combination of these two effects results in an optimal latitude for TC intensification in the presence of a vertical shear investigated.

关键词： tropical cyclone intensification vertical shear Coriolis parameter

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Insight into the Role of Lower-Layer Vertical Wind Shear in tropical cyclone intensification over the Western North Pacific

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2013年第3期27卷 356-363页

作者：舒守娟王元白莉娜 Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education and School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing University Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological Administration

Vertical wind shear fundamentally influences changes in tropical cyclone （TC） intensity. The effects of vertical wind shear on tropical cyclogenesis and evolution in the western North Pacific basin are not .well understood. We present a new statistical study of all named TCs in this region during the period 2000- 2006 using a second-generation partial least squares （PLS） regression technique. The results show that the lower-layer （between 850 hPa and 10 m above the sea surface） wind shear is more important than the commonly analyzed deep-layer shear （between 200 and 850 hPa） for changes in TC intensity during the TC intensification period. This relationship is particularly strong for westerly low-level shear. Downdrafts induced by the lower-layer shear bring low θe air into the boundary layer from above, significantly reducing values of θe in the TC inflow layer and weakening the TC. Large values of deep-layer shear over the ocean to the east of the Philippine Islands inhibit TC formation, while large values of lower-layer shear over the central and western North Pacific inhibit TC intensification. The critical value of deep-layer shear for TC formation is approximately 10 m s-1, and the critical value of lower-layer shear for TC intensification is approximately ±1.5 m s-1.

关键词： vertical wind shear tropical cyclone intensification western North Pacific

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Minimal conceptual models for tropical cyclone intensification

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tropical cyclone Research and Review 2022年第2期11卷 61-75页

作者： Michael T.Montgomery Roger K.Smith Department of Meteorology Naval Postgraduate SchoolMontereyCAUSA Meteorological Institute Ludwig-Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany

We examine a hierarchy of minimal conceptual models for tropical cyclone *** models are framed mostly in terms of axisymmetric balance *** the first set of models,the heating rate is prescribed in such a way to mimic a deep overturning circulation with convergence in the lower troposphere and divergence in the upper troposphere,characteristic of a region of deep moist *** the second set,the heating rate is related explicitly to the latent heat release of ascending air *** release of latent heat markedly reduces the local static stability of ascending air,raising two possibilities in the balance *** first possibility is that the effective static stability and the related discriminant in the Eliassen equation for the overturning circulation in saturated air,although small,remains positive so the Eliassen equation is globally *** second possibility,the more likely one during vortex intensification,is that the effective static stability in saturated air is negative and the Eliassen equation becomes locally *** models help to understand the differences between the early Ooyama models of 1968 and 1969,the Emanuel,1989 model,and the later Emanuel models of 1995,1997 and *** provide insight also into the popular explanation of the WISHE feedback mechanism for tropical cyclone *** implications for recent work are discussed.

关键词： tropical cyclone intensification Conventional spin-up mechanism Minimal models Nonlinear boundary layer spin-up mechanism WISHE feedback Mechanism

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DEPENDENCE OF tropical cyclone intensification ON THE CORIOLIS PARAMETER

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tropical cyclone Research and Review 2012年第2期1卷 242-253页

作者： TIM LI XUYANG GE MELINDA PENG WEI WANG Department of Meteorology and IPRC University of Hawaii Naval Research Laboratory Shanghai Minhang Meteorology Bureau

The dependence of tropical cyclone(TC) intensification on the Coriolis parameter was investigated in an idealized hurricane model. By specifying an initial balanced vortex on an f-plane, we observed faster TC development under lower planetary vorticity environment than under higher planetary vorticity environment. The diagnosis of the model outputs indicates that the distinctive evolution characteristics arise from the extent to which the boundary layer imbalance is formed and maintained in the presence of surface friction. Under lower planetary vorticity environment, stronger and deeper subgradient inflow develops due to Ekman pumping effect, which leads to greater boundary layer moisture convergence and condensational heating. The strengthened heating further accelerates the inflow by lowing central pressure further. This positive feedback loop eventually leads to distinctive evolution *** outer size(represented by the radius of gale-force wind) and the eye of the final TC state also depend on the Coriolis parameter. The TC tends to have larger(smaller) outer size and eye under higher(lower) planetary vorticity environment. Whereas the radius of maximum wind or the eye size in the current setting is primarily determined by inertial stability, the TC outer size is mainly controlled by environmental absolute angular momentum.

关键词： tropical cyclone intensification Coriolis parameter boundary layer inflow

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Satellite derived upper ocean thermal structure and its application to tropical cyclone intensity forecasting in the Indian Ocean

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第5期33卷 1219-1232页

作者：孙春健王喜冬崔晓健张晓爽张连新邵彩霞吴新荣付红丽李威 Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Environmental Information Technology National Marine Data and Information ServiceState Oceanic Administration College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China National University of Defense Technology

Upper ocean heat content is a factor critical to the intensity change of tropical cyclones(TCs). Because of the inhomogeneity of in situ observations in the North Indian Ocean,gridded temperature/salinity(T/S) profiles were derived from satellite data for 1993–2012 using a linear regression method. The satellite derived T/S dataset covered the region of 10°S–32°N,25°–100°E with daily temporal resolution,0.25°×0.25° spatial resolution,and 26 vertical layers from the sea surface to a depth of 1 000 m at standard layers. Independent Global Temperature Salinity Profile Project data were used to validate the satellite derived T/S fields. The analysis confirmed that the satellite derived temperature field represented the characteristics and vertical structure of the temperature field well. The results demonstrated that the vertically averaged root mean square error of the temperature was 0.83 in the upper 1 000 m and the corresponding correlation coefficient was 0.87,which accounted for 76% of the observed variance. After verification of the satellite derived T/S dataset,the TC heat potential(TCHP) was verified. The results show that the satellite derived values were coherent with observed TCHP data with a correlation coefficient of 0.86 and statistical significance at the 99% confidence level. The intensity change of TC Gonu during a period of rapid intensification was studied using satellite derived TCHP data. A delayed effect of the TCHP was found in relation to the intensity change of Gonu,suggesting a lag feature in the response of the inner core of the TC to the ocean.

关键词： tropical cyclone intensification tropical cyclone heat potential sea surface temperature seasurface height

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Assessment of the potential storm tide inundation hazard under climate change:case studies of Southeast China coast

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第1期37卷 53-64,I0002页

作者： Bingchuan Nie Qingyong Wuxi Jiachun Li Feng Xu School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Beijing’s Key Laboratory of Structural Wind Engineering and Urban Wind Environment Beijing100044China Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Four typical cases of storm tide inundation at one of the typical storm surge prone areas in China and worldwide,*** China coast,are presented to demostrate the impact of climate *** is relied on the statistical trend analysis of tropical cyclone intensification(TCI)and sea level rise(SLR)considering temporally non-stationary and spatially non-uniform effects,numerical analysis taking into account the tide-surge-wave coupling effect and GIS-based analysis for inundation *** results show that the high sea surface elevation tends to occur in the bays and around the *** maximal sea surface elevations of the worst situation at present without considering TCI and SLR(*** S2)are 6.06 m,5.82 m and 5.67 m around Aojiang,Feiyunjiang and Oujiang river estuaries,***,the maximal sea surface elevations for the three estuaries would increase to 7.02 m,6.67 m and 6.44 m,respectively,when the non-stationary extreme wind speed of 100-year recurrence period and SLR equivalent to the situation of 2100s(*** S4)are taking into *** potential inundation area of scenario S4 would expand by 108%to about 798 km^(2) compared with scenario *** addition,the remotely sensed maps and inundation durations of the hardest hit regions are provided,which will aid the prevention and mitigation of storm tide inundation hazard and future coastal management there.

关键词： Storm surge Inundation Risk assessment tropical cyclone intensification Sea level rise

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