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Altered asymmetries of resting-state MRI in the left thalamus of first-episode schizophrenia

Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2022年第3期8卷 207-217页

作者： Sha Liu Zhenglong Guo Hongbao Cao Hong Li Xiaodong Hu Long Cheng Jianying Li Ruize Liu Yong Xu Deparment of Psychiatry First Hospital/Fist Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina shanxi Key Laboratoryof Arificial Intlligence Disorder First Hospital of Shanxi Medical Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina School of Systems Biology .George Mason UniversityManassasVirginiaUSA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Department of Mental Health Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina

Background:Schizophrenia(SCZ)is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with widespread alterations in the subcortical brain structure.Hemispheric asymmetries are a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain and relate to human psychological and behavioral characteristics.We aimed to explore the state of thalamic lateralization of SCZ.Methods:We used voxel-based morphometry(VBM)analysis,whole-brain analysis of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFF),and resting-state seed-based functional connectivity(FC)analysis to investigate brain structural and functional deficits in SCZ.Also,we applied Pearson’’s correlation analysis to validate the correlation between Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)scores and them.Results:Compared with healthy controls,SCZ showed increased gray matter volume(GMV)of the left thalamus(t=2.214,p=0.029),which positively correlated with general psychosis(r=0.423,p=0.010).SCZ also showed increased ALFF in the putamen,the caudate nucleus,the thalamus,fALFF in the nucleus accumbens(NAc),and the caudate nucleus,and decreased fALFF in the precuneus.The left thalamus showed significantly weaker resting-state FC with the amygdala and insula in SCZ.PANSS negative symptom scores were negatively correlated with the resting-state FC between the thalamus and the insula(r=-0.414,p=0.025).Conclusions:Collectively,these results suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in the left thalamus and its FC with other related brain regions involved in the limbic system.

关键词： asymmetry gray matter volume resting-state fMRI schizophrenia thalamus

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Elevated Neurosteroids in the Lateral thalamus Relieve Neuropathic Pain in Rats with Spared Nerve Injury

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2016年第4期32卷 311-322页

作者： Meng Zhang Jia Liu Meng-Meng Zhou Honghai Wu Yanning Hou Yun-Feng Li Yuxin Yin Lemin Zheng Feng-Yu Liu Ming Yi You Wan Neuroscience Research Institute Peking UniversityBeiiing 100191 China Institute of Systems Biomedicine Peking UniversityBeijing 100191 China Department of Pharmacy Bethune International PeaceHospital Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang 050082 China Department of New Drug Evaluation Beijing Institute ofPharmacology and Toxicology Beijing 100007 China Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of SystemsBiomedicine and Key Laboratory of MolecularCardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education PekingUniversity Beijing 100191 China Key Laboratory for Neuroscience Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission School ofBasic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191China Department of Neurobiology School of Basic MedicalSciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China

Neurosteroids are synthesized in the nervous system from cholesterol or steroidal precursors imported from peripheral sources. These compounds are important allosteric modulators of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors （GABAARs）, which play a vital role in pain modulation in the lateral thalamus, a main gate where somatosensory information enters the cerebral cortex. Using high-perfor mance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, we found increased levels of neurosteroids （pregnenolone, progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, allopregnanolone, and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone） in the chronic stage of neuropathic pain （28 days after spared nerve injury） in rats.The expression of the translocator protein TSPO, the upstream steroidogenesis rate-limiting enzyme, increased at the same time. In vivo stereotaxic microinjection of neurosteroids or the TSPO activator AC-5216 into the lateral thalamus （AP -3.0 mm, ML 4-3.0 mm, DV 6.0 mm） alleviated the mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain, while the TSPO inhibitor PK 11195 exacerbated it. The analgesic effects of AC-5216 and neurosteroids were sig- nificantly attenuated by the GABAAR antagonist bicuculline. These results suggested that elevated neurosteroids in the lateral thalamus play a protective role in the chronic stage of neuropathic pain.

关键词： Neurosteroids Translocator protein Sparednerve injury thalamus GABAA receptors

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Paraventricular thalamus as A Major Thalamic Structure for Wake Control

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第5期35卷 946-948页

作者： Yu-Feng Shao Jian-Sheng Lin Yi-Ping Hou Departments of Neuroscience Anatomy Histology and Embryology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Lyon 69373 France

The thalamus is the gate of the cerebral cortex, the ultimate target for the neural networks controlling behavioral states and cognitive functions. According to the reticular theory initially proposed by Moruzzi and Magoun, excitatory inputs from large reticular zones of the brainstem via widespread intra- and extra-thalamocortical systems finally activate the cerebral cortex to cause generalized cortical activation and wakefulness [1]. This theory proposes a central relay role to the thalamus for cortical activation as supported by early studies using neurodegeneration techniques and by the elegant work of Steriade’s group and other investigators illustrating the electrophysiological mechanisms of the thalamocortical system at the cellular level during wakefulness, rapid eye-movement sleep (REMs) and non-REM sleep (NREMs)[2].

关键词： Paraventricular thalamus Thalamic Structure Wake Control

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Germinomas of the basal ganglia and thalamus: Four case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第19期8卷 4558-4564页

作者： Zhen-Chao Huang Qing Dong En-Peng Song Zhi-Jie Chen Jin-Hua Zhang Bo Hou Zheng-Qi Lu Feng Qin Department of Neurosurgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun YatSen UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The early diagnosis of basal ganglia and thalamus germinomas is often difficult due to the absence of elevated tumor markers,and atypical clinical symptoms and neuroimaging features.CASE SUMMARY Four male children aged 8 to 15 years were diagnosed with germinomas in the basal ganglia and thalamus by stereotactic biopsy from 2017 to 2019.All patients developed hemiplegia except patient 4 who also had cognitive decline,speech disturbance,nocturnal enuresis,polydipsia,polyuria,precocious puberty and abnormalities of thermoregulation.All four cases were alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin(p-HCG)negative except patient 3 who had slightly elevated p-HCG in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).No malignant cells were detected in the patients'CSF.Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings were diverse in these patients with the exception of the unique and common characteristics of ipsilateral hemisphere atrophy,especially in the cerebral peduncle.All patients were diagnosed with germinomas of the basal ganglia and thalamus by stereotactic brain biopsy.CONCLUSION Stereotactic brain biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of ectopic germinomas.Serial neuroimaging studies can not only differentiate disease but also determine the biopsy site.

关键词： Intracranial germinoma Stereotactic brain biopsy Basal ganglia thalamus Tumor marker Case report

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Neuronal firing in the globus pallidus internus and the ventrolateral thalamus related to parkinsonian motor symptoms

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第19期122卷 2308-2314页

作者： CHEN Hai ZHUANG Ping ZHANG Yu-qing LI Jian-yu LI Yong-jie Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery Department of Neurology Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100053 China

Background It has been proposed that parkinsonian motor signs result from hyperactivity in the output nucleus of the basal ganglia, which suppress the motor thalamus and cortical areas. This study aimed to explore the neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus （GPi） and the ventrolateral thalamic nuclear group （ventral oral posterior/ventral intermediate, Vop/Vim） in patients with Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Twenty patients with PD who underwent neurosurgery were studied. Microelectrode recording was performed in the GPi （n=10） and the Vop/Vim （n=10） intraoperatively. Electromyography （EMG） contralateral to the surgery was simultaneously performed. Single unit analysis was carried out. The interspike intervals （ISI） and coefficient of variation （CV） of ISI were calculated. Histograms of ISI were constructed. A unified Parkinson＇s disease rating scale （UPDRS） was used to assess the clinical outcome of surgery. Results Three hundred and sixty-three neurons were obtained from 20 trajectories. Of 175 GPi neurons, there were 15.4% with tremor frequency, 69.2% with tonic firing, and 15.4% with irregular discharge. Of 188 thalamic neurons, there were 46.8% with tremor frequency, 22.9% with tonic firing, and 30.3% with irregular discharge. The numbers of three patterns of neuron in GPi and Vop/Vim were significantly different （P 〈0.001）. ISI analysis revealed that mean firing rate of the three patterns of GPi neurons was （80.9±63.9） Hz （n=78）, which was higher than similar neurons with 62.9 Hz in a normal primate. For the Vop/Vim group, ISI revealed that mean firing rate of the three patterns of neurons （n=95） was （23.2±17.1） Hz which was lower than similar neurons with 30 Hz in the motor thalamus of normal primates. UPDRS indicated that the clinical outcome of pallidotomy was （64.3±29.5）%, （83.4±19.1）% and （63.4±36.3）%, and clinical outcome of thalamotomy was （92.2±12.9）%, （68.0±25.2）% and （44.3±7.2）% for tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, respectively. A significant difference of tremor and rigidity was fo

关键词： Parkinson＇s disease movement disorders globus pallidus thalamus microelectrodes

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Increased thalamocortical connectivity from the affected thalamus to the unaffected hemisphere in a stroke patient

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1568-1568页

作者： Sung Ho Jang You Sung Seo Sung Jun Lee Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of MedicineYeungnam University

Consciousness is controlled by complicated actions of various neural structures(Schiff,2010;Long et al.,2016).The thalamocortical connections between the central thalamus and cerebral cortex are considered an important neural structure for consciousness(Laureys et al.,2000;Schiff,2010;Jang and Lee,2015).Here,we report a patient who revealed increased thalamocortical connectivity from the affected thalamus to the unaffected hemisphere through interthalamic adhesion.

关键词： al. patient thalamus

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Fast and slow inhibition in the visual thalamus is influenced by allocating GABAA receptors with different gamma subunit identity to selective synapses

Fast and slow inhibition in the visual thalamus is influence...

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中国生理学会第24届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者：叶智文 Xiao Yu Catriona M Houston Zahra Aboukhalil William Foster Nicholas P Franks William Wisden Stephen G Brickley Imperial College London/Sleep anaesthesia and pain London SW7 2AZ

Cell-type specific differences in the kinetics of inhibitory postsynaptic conductances（IPSCs）impact upon network dynamics throughout the brain.Much attention has been focused on how GABAA receptor alpha and beta subunit diversity can influence IPSC kinetics,but little is known about the influence of different gamma subunits.We have examined whether GABAA receptor gamma subunit heterogeneity influences IPSC properties in the thalamus.The gamma2 subunit gene was deleted from GABAA receptors selectively in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus（d LGN）and whole-cell recording was then combined with imaging to enable a functional and morphological classification of relay neuron types.The removal of the gamma2 subunit from the d LGN reduced the overall s IPSC frequency across all relay cells and produced an absence of IPSCs in a subset of Y-type relay neurons.The remaining slower IPSCs associated with X-type relay neurons were both insensitive to diazepam and zinc indicating the absence of the gamma2 subunit.Because these slower IPSCs were potentiated by beta-carbolines,we propose these IPSCs involve gamma1 subunit-containing GABAA receptor activation.Therefore,gamma subunit heterogeneity appears to influence the kinetics of GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the visual thalamus in a cell-type and synapse-selective manner.We suggest that d LGN GABAergic interneurons generate the slower IPSCs following activation of gamma1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors within X-type relay neurons.The reticular GABAergic input that generates the faster IPSCs involves activation of gamma2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors that dominate Y-type relay neurons.

关键词： thalamus vision synapse GABAA receptors inhibition

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Regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalamus in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalamus in idiopa...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Hanjian DU,Hua FENG Southwest Hospital

＜正＞Background Earlier studies found that gray matter volume in the frontal,parietal and temporal lobes is significantly altered in idiopathic generalized epilepsy（IGE）.Research has indicated that a relationship exists between the brain’s subcortical structures and epilepsy.However,little is known about possible changes in the subcortical structures in IGE.Objective To determine the changes in the shape of subcortical structures in IGE using vertex analysis.Methods Fourteen male patients with IGE and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study,which used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.We performed a vertex-based shape analysis, in which we compared patients with IGE with the controls,on the subcortical structures that we had obtained from the MRI data.Results Statistical analysis showed significant regional atrophy in the left thalamus,left putamen and bilateral globus pallidus in patients with IGE.Conclusion These results indicate that regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and the thalamus may be related to seizure disorder.In the future,these findings may prove useful for choosing new therapeutic regimens.

关键词： IGE thalamus globus pallidus atrophy

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Some Characteristics of Neurons in the Reticular Nucleus of the thalamus (Preliminary Data)

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2023年第3期13卷 45-54页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine G. Bilanishvili Irine G. Vashakidze Maia G. Barbakadze Megi G. Dumbadze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Laboratory of Neurophysiology Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia Georgian National University - SEU Tbilisi Georgia Teaching University Geomedi Tbilisi Georgia

Our general understanding of the function of neurons is that dendrites receive information that is relayed to the axon, where action potentials are initiated and propagated to eventually trigger neurotransmitter release at synaptic terminals. Although for a number of neuron types in the mammalian brain, many neuron types do not follow this classical polarity pattern. In fact, dendrites may be the site of action potentials initiation and propagation. It should be noted that convincing evidence has been obtained for the existence of dendritic action potentials in hippocampal and neocortical neurons. With regard to the dendrite potentials of thalamic neurons in general and specifically the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, it has not yet been reported. The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, that generation of spike potentials of different amplitudes was observed in the activity of the thalamic reticular nucleus neurons. The generation of one action potential does not interfere with the generation of another, and a spike potential of smaller amplitude can occur at the ascending or descending phase of the spike potential of large amplitude. It can be argued that the spike potentials of lower amplitudes arising in the thalamic reticular nucleus neuron are of dendrite origin. Given both the strategic position and the functional purpose of the TRN, it can be assumed that the neurons of this structure must each time be discharged with spike potentials in order to carry out their modulating effect on other areas of the nervous system of the brain without leakage.

关键词： thalamus Neuron Dendrite Potentials Cat

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ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE thalamus IN THE PRIMATE

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Academic Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2001年第2期13卷 101-106页

作者：刘健张巧俊 Department of Physiology Med. School of Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Xi' an 710061 China

Objective To observe the distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity in the thalamus of the monkey.Methods Histochemical method was used to detect the acetylcholinesterase activity in the thalamus.Results Acetylcholinesterase was found to be inhomogeneous distribution in the primate thalamus and to reveal previously uncovered inhomogeneity within certain thalamic nuclei and their subdivisions. The medial, ventral and posterior nuclear groups displayed markedly uneven acetylcholinesterase reaction.In the mediodorsal nucleus,three distinct sbudivisions were revealed by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, medial magnocellular part, ventral sector of central parvicellular part and dorsolateral sector of lateral pars multiformity showed weak, moderate and strong acetylcholinesterase activity, respectively. In the ventral nuclear group, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry was strong in the medial part of ventral posterior nucleus, moderate in the magnocellular part of ventral anterior, caudal, medial, oral and pars postrema parts of ventral lateral nucleus, as well as lateral part of ventral posterior nucleus, poor and weak in the inferior part of ventral posterior nucleus, par compacta of the medial part of ventral posterior nucleus and parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus. In the pulvinar nucleus, acetylcholinesterase reaction ranged from weak, moderate to strong in the parts of the oral, medial and lateral, as well as inferior of this nucleus, respectively. Regional variations of acetylcholinesterase activity within the thalamic nuclei and their subdivisions can help to identify them by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. In addition, the dark patches of strong acetylcholinesterase activity contrasting with a lighter surrounding matrix were revealed within the parvicellular part and pars multiformis of mediodorsal nucleus, paracentral nucleus, central lateral nucleus, pars postrema part of ventral lateral nucleus and medial habenula nucleus, as well as medial part of pulvinar necleus, respectively.Conc

关键词： mediodorsal nucleus ventral thalamic nuclei acetylcholinesterase histochemistry thalamus monkey

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