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Determining the earliest growth stage to detect the presence of endophytes in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass seedlings using molecular markers

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Grassland Research 2023年第2期2卷 106-111页

作者： Kendall Lee Nicholas Hill Chloe Dela Cerna Ali Missaoui Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA

Background:tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea[Schreb.],Lolium arundinaceum[Schreb.]Darbysh)and perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne)are important cool-season forage and amenity grasses that have a mutualistic association with an endophytic fungus.Endophytes confer insect and drought resistance to plants but can produce mammalian toxins.Novel endophytes that do not produce mammalian toxins have been introduced to elite cultivars for commercial production.Seed companies need to maintain adequate levels of novel endophytes within the elite forage cultivars.Endophyte detection is performed using immunochemical and molecular techniques because of their speed and reliability.Early detection in seedlings is essential to evaluate the viability of the endophyte within seed lots.Methods:This research aimed to identify the earliest growth stage in which immunochemical and molecular methods can detect viable endophyte in seedlings of tall fescue cultivars BarOptima(e34),Texoma MaxQII(584),and Jesup MaxQ(542),as well as the perennial ryegrass cultivar Remington(NEA2).Results:Immunochemical testing detected endophytes in seedlings 14 days after germination(DAG),but the detection rate increased until 42 DAG in some cultivars tested.The molecular marker Tef1exon detected endophytes at a lower rate than the immunochemical method at 28–42 DAG.However,there was insufficient DNA to detect endophytes in 14 DAG seedlings using markers.Conclusions:We conclude that the most accurate detection of viable endophytes in seedlings was 42 DAG,at which sufficient and consistent endophyte colonization occurred.

关键词： endophyte immunoblot assay molecular markers perennial ryegrass tall fescue

Tiller demography of tall fescue and tall wheatgrass cut at different times during the reproductive phase

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Grassland Research 2023年第2期2卷 120-128页

作者： Jorge O.Scheneiter Matias Sacoccia María J.Beribe Pablo Barletta Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria PergaminoBuenos AiresArgentina Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires ECANAJunínBuenos AiresArgentina

Background:tall fescue(TF)and tall wheatgrass(TW)are the main temperate perennial grasses used for livestock grazing in the Pampas region of Argentina.In this region,pastures based on these grasses show low tiller density and the presence of bare soil in winter.Methods:An experiment was performed in pots kept outdoors.Plants of TF and TW were cut every 550°C day and 700°C day,respectively.In each species,reproductive tillers were removed at different times:(i)at each cut,(ii)when they reached the flag leaf stage,or(iii)when they reached full bloom.Tiller appearance,tiller death,and type of bud(basal or axillary)of the tillers present were determined.Results:Tiller appearance decreased from July to April.Minimum values were 0.2 and 1.1 tillers 100 tillers−1 day−1 in TF and TW,respectively.In TF,tiller death began in September–October and increased from 0.2 to 0.8 tillers 100 tillers−1 day−1 in March–April.In TW,tiller death began in October–November and increased from 0.6 to 0.8–1.0 tillers 100 tillers−1 day−1 from February to April.Conclusions:Defoliation of reproductive tillers affected the tiller density of TF plants in spring and in the following fall.In TW,the treatments did not modify the tiller density of the plants.

关键词： perennation strategy tall fescue tall wheatgrass tiller dynamics

Breeding for drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)and tall fescue(Lolium arundinaceum[Schreb.]Darbysh.)by exploring genotype by environment by management interactions

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Grassland Research 2023年第1期2卷 22-36页

作者： Claudio C.Fernandes Filho Mario H.Murad Leite Andrade Jose A.Rodrigues Nunes Joseph Wipff Debra L.Hignight Esteban F.Rios Kevin Kenworthy Kenneth Hignight Biology Department Institute of Natural SciencesUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil Agronomy Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA NexGen Plant Science Center LLCAlbanyOregonUSA NexGen Turf Research LLCAlbanyOregonUSA

Background:Drought‐tolerant turfgrass cultivars are becoming more important each year as landscape irrigation practices are becoming more restrictive.Methods:In this study,we quantified the level of drought tolerance(DT)in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue genotypes across years under different mowing(MH)and fertility(FL)rates.A total of 48 ryegrass and 38 tall fescue genotypes were planted in 2011 at NexGen,Albany,OR.The trial was divided into three subtrials:(i)DT;(ii)MH and DT;and(iii)FL and DT.Results:The results showed that there was significant genetic variance for most of the traits in both species.The genotype×year interaction was predominantly simple,indicating small changes in genotype ranking for both species.Lower MH improved DT in perennial ryegrass,whereas higher MH resulted in greater DT in tall fescue.For both species,higher MH improved the population mean for turf quality.Higher FL inputs led to higher turf quality for both species,but it did not affect the DT response.Conclusions:Using a selection index,six genotypes for perennial ryegrass and four for tall fescue were selected.

关键词： drought stress ryegrass tall fescue turf quality turfgrass breeding

Effect of Low Nitrogen Stress on IAA Metabolome of tall fescue

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2017年第1期9卷 53-59页

作者： Li Xiaodong Wang Xiaoli Sun Fang Chen Guangji Wu Jiahai Cai Yiming Guizhou Institute of Prataculture Guiyang 550006China

Forages generally suffer more severe nutrition stress than other crops, but the corresponding theoretical studies still lag behind. In this study, metabo- lites in tall fescue leaves under normal and low nitrogen conditions were analyzed with LC-ESI-MS （ liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrome- try）. A total of 1 424 and 1 251 metabolites were detected from two groups of samples respectively using OPLS-DA （orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis）. The content of 13 major metabolites changed under low nitrogen stress, including auxin （indale acetic acid, IAA）. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT- PCR） showed that eight genes related to IAA signaling pathway were up-regulated after nitrogen stress. Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay （ELISA） revealed that the IAA concentration was elevated in tall fescue leaves after nitrogen stress. Our research provides valuable information for studying the response mechanisms of tall feseue to low nitrogen. The results suggest that application of IAA could be used to alleviate the harmful effects of nitrogen deficiency.

关键词： tall fescue Low nitrogen treatment Metabolome IAA

Construction of RNAi Expression Vector Targeting Vernalizational Gene FaCONSTANS in tall fescue

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2014年第1期3卷 26-30页

作者： Xiaoxia LIU Jiahai WU Jianhong SHU Xiaoli WANG Qiong MOU Guizhou Institute of Prataculture

[ Objective ] This study aimed to construct RNAi expression vector targeting vemalizational gene FaCONSTANS （GenBank accession number： GU214996） in tall rescue. [ Method] A 145 bp long Arabidopsis actin gene intron was inserted into the expression vector to construct an intermediate vector pBI121-M-INT. Two pairs of specific primers with restriction sites were designed to amplify a 351 bp long cDNA conserved sequence fragment of vemalizational gene FaCONSTANS for RT-PCR. After restriction enzyme digestion, the amplified fragment was inserted forwardly and reversely at two sides of the intron of intermediate vector to construct an RNAi expression vector with hairpin structure. [ Result ] Double digestion （HindIII ＋ BamHI） showed that the intron was successfully insert- ed into the vector pBI121. PCR amplification and double digestion indicated that target fragment FaCONSTANS was successfully inserted forwardly and reversely in- to the intermediate vector. [ Conclusion] This study laid foundation for breeding novel flowering-inhibited tall rescue cultivars.

关键词： tall fescue Vernalizational gene RNAi vector

Metabolomics Analysis of tall fescue Leaves under Drought Stress

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2017年第2期9卷 122-126页

作者： Li Xiaodong Cai Lu Wang Xiaoli Shu Jianhong Chen Xi Cai Yiming Guizhou Institute of Prataculture Guiyang 550006China Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology Guiyang 550006China

Abstract The metabolites of tall fescue leaves under normal and drought conditions were analyzed with LC-ESI-MS （ liquid chromatography tandem mass spec- trometry）. A total of 282 metabolites were stably detected in the two groups using OPI.S-DA （orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis） method; 148 of which were down-regulated while 134 were up-regulated. After analyzed with MZ-minc software, 10 major metabolites （4 down, 6 up） were identified through searehing public database. Aromatic compounds, 3-p-eoumaroyll, 5-quinolaetone, aromatic free amino acids, styraxin mad methanofuran, were up-regulated ; grease metabolites, methyl 15-hydroperoxy-9Z, 12Z, 16E-octadecatrienoate, 9,12,13-Tri-HOME （10）, 3-oxo-dodecanoic acid, and 13 （S）-HpOTrE acid ester, were down-regulated; piperanine （alkaloids） was down-regulated while Methyl 7-epi-12-hydroxyjasmonate glucoside （indicant） was up-regulated. In a word, aromatic compounds and liquid metabolites may play vital roles in drought-resistant regulation of tall fescue.

关键词： tall fescue Drought stress Metabolome Aromatic compounds

Approach of water-salt regulation using micro-sprinkler irrigation in two coastal saline soils

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 106-112页

作者： Lin-lin Chu Yu Zhu Ling Xiong Rong-yu Huang Yao-hu Kang: Zhan-peng Liu Xiao-ming Geng College of Agricultural Science and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Nanjing Jiangdi Land Development Consulting Service Co. LtdNanjing 210036China Nanjing Qinhuai River Management Office Nanjing 210012China

This study aimed to investigate whether saline silt and sandy loam coastal soils could be reclaimed by micro-sprinkler irrigation.The experiments were run using moderately salt-tolerant tall fescue grass.Micro-sprinkler irrigation in three stages was used to regulate soil matric potential at a 20-cm soil depth.Continued regulation of soil water and salt through micro-sprinkler irrigation consistently resulted in an increasingly large low-salinity region.The application of the three stages of soil wateresalt regulation resulted in an absence of salt accumulation throughout the soil profile and the conversion of highly saline soils into moderately saline soils.There were increases in the plant height,leaf width,leaf length,and tiller numbers of tall fescue throughout the leaching process.The results showed that micro-sprinkler irrigation in three soil water and salt regulation stages can be used to successfully cultivate tall festuca in highly saline coastal soil.This approach achieved better effects in sandy loam soil than in silt soil.tall fescue showed greater survival rates in sandy loam soil due to the rapid reclamation process,whereas plant growth was higher in silt soil because of effective water conservation.In sandy loam,soil moisture should be maintained during soil reclamation,and in silt soil,soil root-zone environments optimal for the emergence of plants should be quickly established.Micro-sprinkler irrigation can be successfully applied to the cultivation of tall fescue in coastal heavy saline soils under a three-stage soil wateresalt regulation regime.

关键词： Coastal saline soils Micro-sprinkler irrigation Salt leaching tall fescue Wateresalt regulation

Radiation use efficiency of alfalfa-tall fescue mixtures in a temperate humid area

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Radiation use efficiency of alfalfa-tall fescue mixtures in ...

Environmental Stress Tolerance and Field Performance of Transgenic tall fescue Overexpressing NDPK2 Gene

ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： O.Scheneiter O.Bertin INTA EEA Pergamino Buenos AiresArgentina.

＜正＞Introduction Alfalfa（Medicagosativa L.） and tall fescue（Festucaarundinacea Screb.） have ecotypes with different responses to temperature.Hypothetically,combination of germplasm with different patterns of seasonal growth might exhibit advantages in radiation use efficiency（RUEfa）.In the Humid Pampa region,grass is the main species in these mixtures in winter. However,seasonal transition is crucial to study mechanisms of dry matter accumulation in mixtures with cultivars of different temperature responses.In this work,RUEfa of two alfalfa-tall fescue mixtures are presented.

关键词： radiation use efficiency mixtures alfalfa tall fescue germplasm

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Environmental Stress Tolerance and Field Performance of Tran...