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CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EARTH TUBE COOLING SYSTEM FOR A tall building

Journal of Green building 2019年第2期14卷 3-28页

作者： Xiangfeng Liu Miao Xu Juanli Guo Renjie Zhu School of Architecture Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina School of Architecture and Built Environment KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden

Earth tubes are earth-to-air heat exchangers that are frequently utilized in energy conscious low-rise buildings, but are scarcely reported for tall buildings. The feasibility of applying earth tube cooling to tall buildings in a hot summer and cold winter climate zone was studied in this paper. Firstly, the designed cooling load of a tall building was obtained from the energy simulation using the baseline and the modified models with applicable energy efficiency measures. Based on the load, the required cooling capacity, the overall section area and the effective length of the earth tube system was deduced from the heat transfer and fluid flow calculation analytically. Then the performance of the earth tube system was crosschecked and verified via the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. In the CFD simulation, earth tubes with different diameters and lengths, as well as a full-scale earth tube model with surrounding soil above the depth of constant temperature, were investigated. The outlet air temperatures of the full-scale models were computed with the consideration of different axial distances between adjacent tubes. Meanwhile, multiple conceptual design schemes and the tunnel construction method for the earth tube system were proposed from the perspective of performance enhancement, constructability, efficiency and economy. It revealed that earth tube systems are conditionally feasible for some tall buildings if their design guidelines for climate, underground spaces, construction method, friction of tube interior surface, optimization of effective length and axial distance, as well as synergy with other energy efficiency measures are followed. Even the cooling capacity of earth tubes degrade with time due to the accumulated heat underground, but in a hot summer and cold winter climate zone it can still possibly produce cooled air for a tall building with a Floor Area Ratio of less than 7 effectively in summer.

关键词： earth tube energy efficiency tall building cooling capacity overall section area effective length

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Structural Design of a tall building with Underpinning Structure in Guangzhou

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第6期21卷 93-101页

作者： Yu-Hong Ling Hong-Wei Ma Shao-Feng Li Architectural Design and Research Institute South China University of Technology School of Civil Engineering and Transportation South China University of Technology

This paper introduces the structural design optimization of a tall building with reinforced concrete frame-core shear walls in Guangzhou *** decrease the construction cost,wide flat beam with 400 mm ×650 mm rectangular cross-section are adopted for main *** measures are used to decrease noncoincident centers of mass and *** subway tunnels cross the building underground,inclined columns,the second and third floor underground together function as the underpinning *** from traditional transform beam,the proposed underpinning structures show good performance without using large dimensional bending *** attentions should be paid to the beams connecting with the inclined column in the underpinning structures,and these beams show large tensile or compressive *** observations after completion construction indicate that the building as well as the proposed design measures work well.

关键词： tall building subway tunnel structural design underpinning structure

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Passive control of along-wind response of tall building

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第10期21卷 4002-4006页

作者： KIM Young-moon YOU Ki-pyo YOU Jang-youl Department of Architecture Engineering Chonbuk National University Long-Span Steel Frame System Research Center Chonbuk National University KOCED Wind Tunnel Center Chonbuk National University

Most of modern tall buildings using lighter construction materials with high strength and less stiffness are more flexible, which occurs excessive wind-induced vibration, resulting in occupant discomfort and structural unsafety. It is necessary to predict wind-induced vibration response and find out a method to mitigate such an excessive wind-induced vibration at the preliminary design stage. Recently, many studies have been conducted in using actuator control force based on the linear quadratic optimum control algorithm. It was accepted as a common knowledge that the performance of passive tuned mass damper(TMD) could increase by incorporating a feedback active control force in the design of TMD, which is called active tuned mass damper(ATMD). However, the fact that ATMD is superior to TMD to reduce wind-induced vibration of a tall building is still a question. The effectiveness of TMD for mitigating the along-wind vibration of a tall building was investigated. Optimum parameters of tuning frequency and damping ratio for TMD under a random load which has a white noise spectra were used. Fluctuating along-wind load acting on a tall building treated as a stationary Gaussian random process was simulated numerically using the along-wind load spectra. And using this simulated along-wind load, along-wind responses of a tall building with and without TMD were calculated and the effectiveness of TMD in mitigating the along-wind response of a tall building was found out.

关键词： tuned mass damper(TMD) along-wind vibration tall building

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Effects of corner modifications on wind loads and local pressures on walls of tall buildings

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building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1109-1126页

作者： K.T.Tse Gang Hu Jie Song Hyo Seon Park Bubryur Kim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China Engineering Research Center of Urban Disasters Prevention and Fire Rescue Technology of Hubei Province School of Civil EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Department of Architectural Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul120-749R.O.Korea Department of Architectural Engineering Kyungil UniversityGyeongbukR.O.Korea

In this study, the aerodynamic characteristics of tall buildings with corner modifications (e.g., local wind force coefficients, mean pressure distributions, normalized power spectrum density, and extreme local pressure) were examined. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to measure the wind pressures on building models with different heights and recessed corners of different ratios. At a wind direction of a = 0° (i.e., wind blowing on the front of a building), corner modifications effectively reduced wind forces in all cases. Specifically, small corner modification ratios reduced wind forces more effectively than their larger counterparts. However, corner modifications resulted in extreme local pressure on building surfaces. In addition, for small corner modification ratios, the probability of extreme local pressure occurring at a = 0° was high. This probability was also high for large corner modification ratios at a = 15° (i.e., wind blowing slightly obliquely on the front of a building) because wind blowing obliquely creates substantial vortex shedding on one side surface and extreme negative pressure over one building side surface. Results of computational fluid dynamic modeling were adopted to determine details of the aerodynamic characteristics of tall buildings with corner modifications.

关键词： tall building aerodynamic modification local pressure extreme local wind loads proper orthogonal decomposition computational fluid dynamics

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Predicted aerodynamic damping of slender single beam structures in across-wind vibrations

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2020年第5期36卷 990-998,I0001页

作者： Cung Huy Nguyen Dinh Tung Nguyen Department of Civil Engineering Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam Department of Civil Engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK

The paper presents a generalization of the conventional analytical approach where the quasisteady theory is utilised to evalu-ate the across-wind aerodynamic damping of slender single beam *** generalized theory considers the variation of structural and aerodynamic parameters along the structural height,together with the nature of the vertical wind profile and mode ***-form solutions for typical uniform and tapered tall buildings are given.A numerical application on a prototype tall building shows that the conventional method may be oversimplified,which results in incorrect predictions of the aerodynamic damping.

关键词： Aerodynamic damping Across-wind Slender structure-Galloping tall building

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System of Combined Foundation for tall buildings

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012年第12期6卷 1627-1634页

作者： Janusz Rebielak Faculty of Architecture Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology Krak6w 31-155 Poland

Location of the heavily loaded building on the ground of the small load capacity requires application of the appropriate foundation structure. The required foundation system is most often deep, it is expensive and its cost increases significantly when the building is located in earthquake area or in mining damage sector. The proposed structural system of the combined foundation makes possible to design and to construct a very stable and relative inexpensive foundation structure, which can obtain an extremely large horizontal surface and which can be placed not deeply beneath the terrain level. It can be a very solid support structure for a tall building placed on very weak subsoil and at the same time located in seismic area. This system can be applied not only for new buildings but it can be used for the existing buildings and moreover for straighten of the inclined objects. Due to special arrangement of component parts the combined foundation possesses inherent features of a vibration damper, what is highly desirable if buildings have to be located in earthquake areas. When the aboveground storeys structure has some similar patterns with structural form of the combined foundation then the structural system of the whole building obtains coherent structural characteristics and it is called the combined structural system of the tall building. Suitable application of this system makes possible to design high-rise buildings having interesting and unique architectonic forms, what is presented on a selected example.

关键词： Foundation system tall building subsoil of small load capacity earthquake area.

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A Computational Model for Pedestrian Level Wind Environment Around tall buildings

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Journal of Modern Transportation 1999年第1期16卷 56-64页

作者：祝兵 School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031 China

A computational model has been developed for the simulation of pedestrian level wind environment around tall buildings by coupling the numerical simulation of the full scale site and meteorological station materials. In the first step, the hybrid/mixed finite element method is employed to solve the two dimensional Navier Stokes equation for the flow field around tall buildings, in view of the influence of fluctuating wind, the flow field is revised with the effective wind velocity. The velocity ratio is defined in order to relate numerical wind velocity to oncoming reference wind velocity. In the second step, the frequency occurred discomfort wind velocity as a suitable criterion is calculated by use of the coupling between the numerical wind velocity and the wind velocity at the nearest meteorological station. The prediction accuracy of the wind environment simulation by use of the computation model will be discussed. Using the available wind data at the nearest meteorological station as well as the established criteria of wind discomfort, the frequency of wind discomfort can be predicted. A numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed method.

关键词： computational model wind environment tall building

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MULTIMODAL CONTROL OF SEISMIC RESPONSES OF tall buildingS 

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Transactions of Tianjin University 1998年第1期4卷 9-13页

作者：李忠献岳军廷樊素英天津大学建筑工程学院

Multimodal control for seismic responses of tall buildings is performed by using MTMDs. Installation and main parameters of MTMDs are described, equations of motion of the coupled system of tall buildings and MTMDs are built under earthquake excitations, and parametrical optimization for multimodal control is carried out under excitations of harmonic ground motion. An 11 story frame building controlled by MTMDs is simulated under the excitation of El Centro earthquake (1940, NS), and its displacement response at the top floor in the case of multimodal control is reduced by 20% more than the case of single modal control. Some conclusions are given as the MTMDs is an effective, reliable and practical passive measurement for controlling seismic responses of tall buildings and the multimodal control has better adaptability and reliability by comparison with the single modal control.

关键词： tall building seismic response multimodal control MTMDs system

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Investigation Responses of the Diagrid Structural System of High-rise buildings Equipped with Tuned Mass Damper Using New Dynamic Method

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Journal of building Material Science 2019年第2期1卷 25-45页

作者： Mansour Ghalehnovi Arash Karimipour Mahmoud Edalati Mehdi Barani Department of Civil engineering at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad MashhadIran Department of Civil Engineering at Texas University at El Paso and the Member of Centre for Transportation Infrastructure System(CTIS) TexasUSA Department of Civil engineering at Ilam University IlamIran

Due to the shortage of land in cities and population growth,the significance of high rise buildings has *** lateral displacement of structures under different loading such as an earthquake is an important issue for *** of the best systems is the diagrid method which is built with diagonal elements with no columns for manufacturing tall *** this study,the effect of the distribution of the tuned mass damper(TMD)on the structural responses of diagrid tall buildings was investigated using a new dynamic ***,a diagrid structural systems with variable height with TMDs was solved as an example of *** reason for the selection of the diagrid system was the formation of a stiffness matrix for the diagonal and angular ***,the effect of TMDs distribution on the story drift,base shear and structural behaviour were *** obtained outcomes showed that the TMDs distribution does not significantly affect on improving the behaviour of the diagrid structural system during an ***,the new dynamic scheme represented in this study has good performance for analyzing different ***:TMD-tuned mass damper;SATMD-semiactive-tuned mass dampers;MDOF-multiple degrees of freedom;m_(i)-mass of ith story of the building;c_(i)-damping coefficient of the ith story of the building;k_(i)-stiffness of ith story of the building;x_(i)-displacement of the ith story of the building;md-mass of damper;c_(d)-damping coefficient of the damper;k_(d)-stiffness of damper;x_(d)-displacement of TMD;M_(i)-generalized mass of the ith normal mode;C_(i)-generalized damping of the ith normal mode;K_(i)-generalized stiffness of the ith normal mode;K_(i)(t)-generalized load of the ith normal mode;Y_(i)(t)-generalized displacement of the ith normal mode;[M]-matrices of mass;[C]-matrices of damping;{P(t)}-consequence external forces;N_(i)(τ)-interpolation functions;[Ai]-mechanical properties of the structure.

关键词： Base shear Diagrid structural system Dynamic methods Story drift The tuned mass damper tall building

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Wind and Movement Monitoring System for Two International Financial Centre,Hong Kong

Wind and Movement Monitoring System for Two International Fi...

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第十三届全国结构风工程学术会议

作者： Alcx P.To Alexis C.C.Lee Ore Arup ＆ Partners Hong Kong Ltd Ore Arup ＆ Partners Hong Kong Ltd

＜正＞Two International Finance Centre（2IFC）is the tallest building in Hong Kong and one of the top 10 tallest buildings in the *** is highly prominent on Hong Kong’s waterfront *** a typhoon-prone area,2IFC was equipped with a comprehensive wind and movement monitoring system including Global Positioning System（GPS）, anemometers,accelerometers,and pressure sensors for real-time monitoring of wind actions and structural responses of the super-tall *** paper presents a brief introduction of the monitoring system and selected measurement data.

关键词： Structural Healthy Monitoring tall building Wind Effects Two International Financial Centre

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