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Xuefu Zhuyu decoction improves neurological dysfunction by increasing synapsin expression after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1417-1424页

作者： Lin Zhu Tao Tang Rong Fan Jie-Kun Luo Han-Jin Cui Chun-Hu Zhang Wei-Jun Peng Peng Sun Xin-Gui Xiong Yang Wang Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China Department of-Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China College of Pharmacy Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong Province China

Xuefu Zhuyu decoction has been used for treating traumatic brain injury and improving post-traumatic dysfunction, but its mechanism of action needs further investigation. This study established rat models of traumatic brain injury by controlled cortical impact. Rat models were intragastrically administered 9 and 18 g/kg Xuefu Zhuyu decoction once a day for 14 or 21 days. Changes in neurological function were assessed by modified neurological severity scores and the Morris water maze. Immunohistochemistry, western blot assay, and re- verse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze synapsin protein and mRNA expression at the injury site of rats. Our results showed that Xuefu Zhuyu decoction visibly improved neurological function of rats with traumatic brain injury. These changes were accompanied by increased expression of synaptophysin, synapsin I, and postsynaptic density protein-95 protein and mRNA in a dose-de- pendent manner. These findings indicate that Xuefu Zhuyu decoction increases synapsin expression and improves neurological deficits alder traumatic brain injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration traumatic brain injury Xuefu Zhuyu decoction neurological dysfunction synapsin synaptophysin synapsin I posts vnaptic density protein-95 neuroprotection neural regeneration

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synapsinⅠ参与(-)黄皮酰胺增强齿状回突触传递功能

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中国药理学通报 2009年第5期25卷 580-584页

作者：胡金凤宁娜苑玉和张均田陈乃宏中国医学科学院药物研究所北京100050

目的观察synapsin Ⅰ在（-）黄皮酰胺促进大鼠海马齿状回突触传递功能中的作用。方法用电生理方法观察（-）黄皮酰胺对基础突触传递功能的影响；采用Western blot方法及共聚焦显微镜检测了（-）黄皮酰胺对synapsin Ⅰ磷酸化的时间、浓... 详细信息

目的观察synapsin Ⅰ在（-）黄皮酰胺促进大鼠海马齿状回突触传递功能中的作用。方法用电生理方法观察（-）黄皮酰胺对基础突触传递功能的影响；采用Western blot方法及共聚焦显微镜检测了（-）黄皮酰胺对synapsin Ⅰ磷酸化的时间、浓度依赖关系，以及确定促进synapsin Ⅰ激活的上游蛋白激酶。结果在整体动物中，（-）黄皮酰胺可明显增加海马齿状回群峰电位，并且脑室给药5min即可促进海马synapsin Ⅰ磷酸化增强，15min时皮层synapsin Ⅰ磷酸化增强最明显。0．1、1、10mμol·L^-1（-）黄皮酰胺可浓度依赖性促进PC12细胞中synapsin Ⅰ激活，且10mμol·L^-1（-）黄皮酰胺在1～2min均可激活突触体和PCI2细胞中synapsin Ⅰ。PKA抑制剂H89可抑制（-）黄皮酰胺对synapsin Ⅰ的磷酸化。结论（-）黄皮酰胺通过PKA促进synapsin Ⅰ磷酸化而增强基础突触传递活动。

关键词： (-)黄皮酰胺基础突触传递 synapsin Ⅰ PKA

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嗅鞘细胞条件培养液对PC12细胞神经丝蛋白、突触蛋白、突触素蛋白表达的影响

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南京医科大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第3期30卷 328-333页

作者：张俊刘锦波张志坚龚爱华刘志元南京医科大学附属常州二院中心实验室江苏常州213003 常州第一人民医院骨科江苏常州213003 组织胚胎学系江苏大学基础医学与医学技术学院江苏镇江212013 细胞生物学系江苏大学基础医学与医学技术学院江苏镇江212013

目的:观察嗅鞘细胞(olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs)条件培养液对PC12细胞神经丝蛋白(neurofilament protein,NF)、突触蛋白(synapsin)和突触素蛋白(synaptophysin)表达的影响,探讨嗅鞘细胞条件培养液促神经细胞分化生长的作用机制。方法:原代培养并纯化OECs,收集培养上清制备成嗅鞘细胞培养液(OEC culture medium,OECCM),与PC12细胞培养24、48、72h,观察细胞形态学变化;通过免疫荧光法检测PC12细胞NF的表达及分布;蛋白质印迹法检测NF、突触蛋白和突触素的相对含量。结果:OECCM培养的PC12细胞长有突起,并随着培养时间的延长,细胞形态酷似神经元;免疫荧光染色显示NF起初在核周分布,OECCM作用后NF的分布范围逐渐增加,其分布面积与β-tubulin分布面积的比值显著增高(Psynapsin)和突触素蛋白(synaptophysin)的表达水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:嗅鞘细胞能分泌一些促PC12细胞分化的因子,这些因子能促进PC12细胞NF骨架的组装,并诱导神经元功能蛋白的表达,使该细胞在结构和功能上向神经元分化。

关键词：嗅鞘细胞条件培养液 PC12细胞神经丝蛋白 synapsin synaptophysin

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基于海马神经元突触CaMKⅡ/synapsinⅠ/GluR1信号紊乱的自闭症发病机制

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2012年第3期 451-451页

作者：田允张程廖美华黄继云陶蓉蓉王锐卢应梅周恬伊张睿婷陈恩韩峰浙江大学药学院药理毒理与生化药学研究所

目的自闭症发病率逐年上升,其与认知功能异常的神经环路失调关联性收到国内外研究者关注。然而,迄今仍未能阐明其确切病因和发病机制。我们以突触蛋白钙离子/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(Calcium/calmodulin-dependentprotein kinaseⅡ,CaMK... 详细信息

目的自闭症发病率逐年上升,其与认知功能异常的神经环路失调关联性收到国内外研究者关注。然而,迄今仍未能阐明其确切病因和发病机制。我们以突触蛋白钙离子/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(Calcium/calmodulin-dependentprotein kinaseⅡ,CaMKⅡ)相关信号为切入点展开研究。方法 SD大鼠孕12.5 d时随机分为自闭症组和对照组,VPA水溶液(240 g.L-1)造模。检测子代大鼠的外观、睁眼时间、游泳平衡能力和自主活动情况;Western blotting、免疫荧光染色等技术研究海马突触CaMKⅡ/synapsinⅠ/GluR1信息模块在自闭症模型脑组织中的表达情况,探讨其变化规律。结果自闭症模型大鼠发育缓慢、体型较小、毛发稀疏、短尾畸形,睁眼延迟,游泳能力低下;自主活动实验中表现为活动路程、活动时间和活动速度、边缘活动时间增加、中央活动时间、中央活动速度降低的自主活动增加和低探索性。Phos-pho-CaMKⅡ(Thr286),Phospho-synapsinⅠ(Ser603),Phos-pho-GluR1(Ser831),Phospho-NR1(Ser896)在自闭症模型大鼠大脑皮层和海马部位的表达均有明显降低。免疫荧光染色也发现Phospho-CaMKⅡ(Thr286)在自闭症模型大鼠海马的阳性染色也明显降低。结论海马CaMKⅡ/synapsinⅠ/GluR1信号紊乱与自闭症发病进程密切相关,关联深入研究将为预防和治疗自闭症的新药靶点发现提供实验依据。

关键词：自闭症海马边缘系统 GluR1 synapsin CaMK 突触发病机制

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Paired associated magnetic stimulation promotes neural repair in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2047-2056页

作者： Bei-Yao Gao Cheng-Cheng Sun Guo-Hua Xia Shao-Ting Zhou Ye Zhang Ye-Ran Mao Pei-Le Liu Ya Zheng Dan Zhao Xu-Tong Li Janie Xu Dong-Sheng Xu Yu-Long Bai Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Rehabilitation Section Department of Spine SurgeryTongji HospitalMedical School of Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of Neurology Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Brownell Talbot School OmahaNEUSA

Paired associative stimulation has been used in stroke patients as an innovative recovery treatment.However,the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effectiveness of paired associative stimulation on neurological function remain unclear.In this study,rats were randomly divided into middle cerebral occlusion model(MCAO)and paired associated magnetic stimulation(PAMS)groups.The MCAO rat model was produced by middle cerebral artery embolization.The PAMS group received PAMS on days 3 to 20 post MCAO.The MCAO group received sham stimulation,three times every week.Within 18 days after ischemia,rats were subjected to behavioral experiments—the foot-fault test,the balance beam walking test,and the ladder walking test.Balance ability was improved on days 15 and 17,and the footfault rate was less in their affected limb on day 15 in the PAMS group compared with the MCAO group.Western blot assay showed that the expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor,glutamate receptor 2/3,postsynaptic density protein 95 and synapsin-1 were significantly increased in the PAMS group compared with the MCAO group in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex on day 21.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that regional brain activities in the sensorimotor cortex were increased in the ipsilateral hemisphere,but decreased in the contralateral hemisphere on day 20.By finite element simulation,the electric field distribution showed a higher intensity,of approximately 0.4 A/m^2,in the ischemic cortex compared with the contralateral cortex in the template.Together,our findings show that PAMS upregulates neuroplasticity-related proteins,increases regional brain activity,and promotes functional recovery in the affected sensorimotor cortex in the rat MCAO model.The experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fudan University,China(approval No.201802173 S)on March 3,2018.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor finite element simulation glutamate receptor ipsilateral hemisphere paired associative stimulation PSD95 resting-state functional MRI stroke synapsin I transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Role of presynaptic phosphoprotein synapsin Ⅱ in schizophrenia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第3期5卷 260-272页

作者： Luke Molinaro Patricia Hui Mattea Tan Ram K Mishra Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences Mc Master University

synapsin Ⅱ is a member of the neuronal phosphoprotein family. These phosphoproteins are evolutionarily conserved across many organisms and are important in a variety of synaptic functions, including synaptogenesis and the regulation of neurotransmitter release. A number of genome-wide scans, meta-analyses, and genetic susceptibility studies have implicated the synapsin II gene(3p25) in the etiology of schizophrenia(SZ) and other psychiatric disorders. Further studies have found a reduction of synapsin II m RNA and protein in the prefrontal cortex in post-mortem samples from schizophrenic patients. Disruptions in the expression of this gene may cause synaptic dysfunction, which can result in neurotransmitter imbalances, likely contributing to the pathogenesis of SZ. SZ is a costly, debilitating psychiatric illness affecting approximately 1.1% of the world's population, amounting to 51 million people today. The disorder is characterized by positive(hallucinations, paranoia), negative(social withdrawal, lack of motivation), and cognitive(memory impairments, attention deficits) symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structure, function, and involvement of the synapsin family, specifically synapsin II, in the pathophysiology of SZ and possible target for therapeutic intervention/implications.

关键词： synapsin II Schizophrenia Dopamine Glutamate Neuropsychiatry Antipsychotic drugs

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Effects of Post-Training Blockade of GABA<sub>B</sub>Receptor on Memory of Food Location and Expression of synapsin I in the Hippocampus of Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>)

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第12期4卷 579-589页

作者： Fernando Canova Rodolfo Souza Faria Elenice Aparecida de Moraes Ferrari Laboratory of Neural Systems and Behavior Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas—UNICAMP Campinas Brazil

This study investigated effects of post-training treatment with phaclofen, GABAB receptor antagonist, on the memory of food location and on the expression of synapsin I in the hippocampus of pigeons. Pigeons were trained in food location (7 sessions) and underwent post-training treatment with phaclofen (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.;PHAC), saline (SAL) or non-treated (NTR). Testing for memory persistence occurred 7 days after the last training session (PHACR, SALR and NTRR Groups). Pigeons treated with phaclofen had lower latency and higher correct choice values than saline and non-treated controls (p synapsin I-positive cell counts were higher in pigeons treated with phaclofen than in saline and non-treated controls (p synapsin I expression in the hippocampus of pigeons, which were related with post-training blockade of GABAB receptors.

关键词： Spatial Memory Hippocampus synapsin I GABAB Receptor Pigeon

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Changes in the levels of CAM kinase II and synapsin I caused by oxidative stress in the rat brain, and its prevention by vitamin E

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第8期3卷 1199-1205页

作者： Nozomi Kaneai Koji Fukui Taisuke Koike Shiro Urano Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Division of Bioscience and Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Saitama Japan Eisai Food & Chemical Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan Life Support Technology Research Center Shibaura Institute of Technology Saitama Japan

To define whether oxidative stress and aging induce abnormal dissociation of neurotransmitter-enclosing synaptic vesicles in rat brain nerve terminals, we assessed the activation of Ca+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CAM kinase II) and changes in the levels of synapsin I, which is a synaptic vesicle-associated protein involved in the modulation of neurotransmitter release. Assessment of young rats subjected to hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress and normal aged rats revealed that synaptic CAM kinase II in the rat brain was markedly activated through oxidative stress and aging. In accordance with the activation of CAM kinase II, the levels of phosphorylated synapsin I increased significantly in nerve terminals. Furthermore, it was found that vitamin E prevents these oxidative stress-induced abnormal processes in rat nerve terminals. These results suggest that oxidative stress and aging facilitate the mobilization of neurotransmitter-enclosing synaptic vesicles from the reserve pool in the nerve terminal, thereby inducing abnormal accumulation of synaptic vesicles in the synapse, and that vitamin E inhibits this process in the brain through its antioxidative action.

关键词： Oxidative Stress CAM Kinase II synapsin I Neurotransmission Vitamin E

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The effects of Xingnao Jieyu capsules on post-stroke depression are similar to those of fluoxetine

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第19期8卷 1765-1772页

作者： Yongmei Yan Wentao Fan Li Liu Ru Yang Wenjia Yang Department of Encephalopathy Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathology Key Subject of Traditional Chinese Medicine State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China Research Room of Traditional Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine

The Xingnao Jieyu capsule has been shown to effectively relieve neurologic impairments and les- sen depression. It remains poorly understood whether this capsule can be used to treat post-stroke depression. Thus, in the present study, we established a rat model of post-stroke depression using left middle cerebral artery occlusions in combination of chronic unpredictable stress and solitary housing during development. Experimental rats received intragastric perfusion with 0.82, 0.41, and 0.20 g/kg Xingnao Jieyu capsules separately dissolved in 2 mL distilled water. Fluoxetine served as a positive control. The treatment was conducted over 28 days. Sugar water consumption test, open-field test, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining results demonstrated that intragastric perfusion with various doses of Xingnao Jieyu capsules increased sugar water consumption, voluntary behaviors and synaptotagmin mRNA and protein expression in rats with post-stroke depression. These therapeutic effects were similar to those of fluoxetine. These results indicate that Xingnao Jieyu capsules upregulate synaptotagmin expression in hip pocampi of rats with post-stroke depression, and exert antidepressant effects.

关键词： neural regeneration traditional Chinese medicine Xingnao Jieyu capsule stroke post-stroke de-pression synapsin neurologic impairment chronic stress depression hippocampus grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

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Hepatic myelopathy:Morphology of the thoracic and lumbar cord in liver cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis corpses and comparison of neuron functional protein

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第29期6卷 2273-2278页

作者： Yu Lei Zhen Liu Huilong Huang Suiliang Zhang Yunheng Zhou Shuai Wu Xiaojun Hou Jie Gong Aiqun Wu Department of Clinical Medicine the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Shanghai 200433 China Department of Anatomy the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Shanghai 200433 China Department of Interventional Therapy Eastem Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Shanghai 200433 China Clinical Laboratory Shanghai Armed Police Corps Hospital Shanghai 201103 China Department of Neurology Changhai Hospital the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Shanghai 200433 China

The current study demonstrated that injury of the spinal cord lateral funiculus occurs in liver cirrhosis. This study sought to compare the morphology of the thoracic and lumbar cord, the expression of functional proteins, and changes in vessels between liver cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis corpses. Results showed that in the liver cirrhosis group, the hepatic vein expanded, the gastrointestinal tract was full of coagulated blood, blood-stasis was easily seen in the veniplex of the vertebral canal and the lumbar spinal cord, and the cell bodies of the anterior horn in the thoracic and lumbar cord were smaller than those in non-cirrhosis corpses. In addition, nerve cells shrank, Nissl bodies were concentrated with obscured nuclei, and neurofilament and synapsin containing cell bodies of the anterior horn and white matter decreased in the liver cirrhosis group. These experimental findings indicate that abnormal circulation of the spinal cord, resulting from hemodynamic change of cirrhotic portal hypertension, may be the most significant cause of hepatic myelopathy.

关键词： hepatic cirrhosis portal hypertension hepatic myelopathy synapsin neurofilament

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