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The Schlager mouse as a model of altered retinal phenotype

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 512-518页

作者： Lakshini Y.Herat Aaron L.Magno Márcio G.Kiuchi Kristy L.Jackson Revathy Carnagarin Geoffrey A.Head Markus P.Schlaich Vance B.Matthews Dobney Hypertension Centre School of Biomedical Science-Royal Perth Hospital UnitUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia Research Centre Royal Perth HospitalPerthAustralia Dobney Hypertension Centre School of Medicine-Royal Perth Hospital UnitUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia Neuropharmacology Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia Department of Cardiology and Department of Nephrology Royal Perth HospitalPerthAustralia

Hypertension is a risk factor for a large number of vision-threatening eye disorders.In this study,we investigated for the first time the retinal neural structure of the hypertensive BPH/2J mouse(Schlager mouse)and compared it to its control counterpart,the normotensive BPN/3J strain.The BPH/2J mouse is a selectively inbred mouse strain that develops chronic hypertension due to elevated sympathetic nervous system activity.When compared to the BPN/3J strain,the hypertensive BPH/2J mice showed a complete loss of outer layers of the neural retina at 21 weeks of age,which was indicative of a severe vision-threatening disease potentially caused by hypertension.To elucidate whether the retinal neural phenotype in the BPH/2J strain was attributed to increased BP,we investigated the neural retina of both BPN/3J and BPH/2J mice at 4 weeks of age.Our preliminary results showed for the first time that the BPH/2J strain develops severe retinal neural damage at a young age.Our findings suggest that the retinal phenotype in the BPH/2J mouse is possibly due to elevated blood pressure and may be contributed by an early onset spontaneous mutation which is yet to be identified or a congenital defect occurring in this strain.Further characterization of the BPH/2J mouse strain is likely to i)elucidate gene defects underlying retinal disease;ii)understand mechanisms leading to neural retinal disease and iii)permit testing of molecules for translational research to interfere with the progression of retinal disease.The animal experiments were performed with the approval of the Royal Perth Hospital Animal Ethics Committee(R535/17-18)on June 1,2017.

关键词： blood pressure eye hypertension mice neural regeneration retina Schlager mouse sympathetic nervous system

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Investigating neurogenic bowel in experimental spinal cord injury: where to begin?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 222-226页

作者： Amanda R.White Gregory M.Holmes Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences Penn State University College of Medicine

The devastating losses following traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI) encompass the motor, sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Neurogenic bowel is a slow transit colonic dysfunction marked by constipation, rectal evacuation difficulties, decreased anorectal sensation, fecal incontinence or some combination thereof. Furthermore, neurogenic bowel is one of the most prevalent comorbidities of SCI and is recognized by afflicted individuals and caregivers as a lifelong physical and psychological challenge that profoundly affects quality of life. The restoration of post-injury control of movement has received considerable scientific scrutiny yet the daily necessity of voiding the bowel and bladder remains critically under-investigated. Subsequently, physicians and caregivers are rarely presented with consistent, evidence-based strategies to successfully address the consequences of dysregulated voiding reflexes. Neurogenic bowel is commonly believed to result from the interruption of the supraspinal control of the spinal autonomic circuits regulating the colon. In this mini-review, we discuss the clinical challenges presented by neurogenic bowel and emerging pre-clinical evidence that is revealing that SCI also initiates functional remodeling of the colonic wall concurrent with a decrease in local enteric neurons. Since the enteric input to the colonic smooth muscle is the final common pathway for functional contractions of the colon, changes to the neuromuscular interface must first be understood in order to maximize the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting colonic dysfunction following SCI.

关键词： colon enteric nervous system parasympathetic sympathetic autonomic nervous system defecationreflexes gastrointestinal inflammation constipation incontinence

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Predicting successful stellate ganglion block using laser speckle contrast imaging

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第12期134卷 1486-1488页

作者： Xi Wu Jun-Wei Xia Shang-Long Yao Ning An Department of Anesthesiology Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430022China Department of Anesthesiology Ezhou Central HospitalEzhouHubei 436000China

Stellate ganglion block(SGB)is highly beneficial when used for treating pain syndromes,including acute herpes zoster of the face,postherpetic neuralgia,and sympathetically mediated pain of the head.Horner's syndrome is not reliable as a traditional indicator of successful SGB because of ambiguous and subjective judgment.[1]Cutaneous temperature change was reported to be a simple and objective method for assessing successful SGB.[2]However,temperature increase was only observed at least 10 min after successful SGB,demonstrating that the assessment of skin temperature cannot predict the efficacy of SGB in the early stage.[3]Laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI)provides a powerful tool for quantitative assessment of flow dynamics for microcirculation over large areas with high spatiotemporal resolution.[4,5]According to our knowledge,LSCI has not been studied as an indicator of successful SGB.

关键词： speckle acute sympathetic

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Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Ameliorates Renal Vascular Hypertension Through Up-regulating NOS in Nucleus Tractus Solitarii

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第1期35卷 79-90页

作者： Na Li Yue Guan Yan-Ming Tian Hui-Jie Ma Xiangjian Zhang Yi Zhang Sheng Wang Department of Physiology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017China Department of Physiology Basic Medical CollegeHebei UniversityBaoding 071000China Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Shijiazhuang 050000China

Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia(CIHH)is known to have an anti-hypertensive effect, which might be related to modulation of the baroreflex in rats with renal vascular hypertension(RVH). In this study, RVH was induced by the 2-kidney-1-clip method(2 K1 C) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were then treated with hypobaric hypoxia simulating 5000 m altitude for 6 h/day for 28 days. The arterial blood pressure(ABP), heart rate(HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity(RSNA) were measured before and after microinjection of L-arginine into the nucleus tractus solitarii(NTS) in anesthetized rats.Evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents(eEPSCs) and spontaneous EPSCs(sEPSCs) were recorded in anterogradely-labeled NTS neurons receiving baroreceptor afferents. We measured the protein expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) and endothelial NOS(eNOS) in the NTS. The results showed that the ABP in RVH rats was significantly lower after CIHH treatment. The inhibition of ABP, HR, and RSNA induced by L-arginine was less in RVH rats than in sham rats, and greater in the CIHHtreated RVH rats than the untreated RVH rats. The eEPSC amplitude in NTS neurons receiving baroreceptor afferents was lower in the RVH rats than in the sham rats and recovered after CIHH. The protein expression of nNOS and e NOS in the NTS was lower in the RVH rats than in the sham rats and this decrease was reversed by CIHH. In short, CIHH treatment decreases ABP in RVH rats via upregulating NOS expression in the NTS.

关键词： Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia Renal vascular hypertension Nitric oxide Renal sympathetic nerve activity Excitatory postsynaptic current

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CYTOARCHITECTURE AND DENDROARCHITECTURE OF SYMPATHOADRENAL PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS IN RATS——A STUDY WITH CB-HRP

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Science China Chemistry 1990年第1期33卷 50-59,129-130页

作者：邹建云万选才 Department of Anatomy Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 PRC

The cytogrchitecture and dendroarchitecture of sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons (SAPN) that innervate the adrenal medulla have been studied in adult rats. Retrograde transport of choleragen subunit B horseradish peroxidase conjugate (GB-HRP) injetted into the left adrenal medulla resulted in the labelling of SAPN in the ipsilateral intermediate zone from T1 to L1 segments. Four subnuclei of SAPN were distinguished and located in ILP, ILF, IC and ICPe of the spinal cord respectively. The dendritic trees of neurons in ILP exhibited dendritic patterns with extension oriented longitudinally and mediolaterally. The present findings provide detailed descriptions of the somatic structure and accompanying dendritic trees of SAPN. The observations also include anatomical evidence that two systems of circuits may exist in regulating the actiVities of SAPN; one is the classic core circuits system which mainly received the inputs from fibers in parallel direction with longitudinal dendrites in ILP and the

关键词： sympathetic preganglionic neurons CB-HRP adrenal medulla dendrites.

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Renal artery denervation suppresses intractable ventricular arrhythmia in patients with left heart thrombosis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第9期14卷 587-589页

作者： Marianna A Vander Petr A Fedotov Tamara A Lyubimtseva Maria A Bortsova Maria Yu Simikova Dmitry S Lebedev Evgeny N Mikhaylov Neuromodulation Unit Almazov National Medical Research Centre Saint-Petersburg Russia Arrhythmia Department Almazov National Medical Research Centre Saint-Petersburg Russia Heart Failure Department Almazov National Medical Research Centre Saint-Petersburg Russia

Transcutaneous renal artery denervation （RND） has beeninitially developed for destruction of efferent nerve fireswith luminal delivery of radiofrequency or ultrasonic energyaiming blood pressure reduction in patients with refractoryhypertension. However, other positive results of RNDwere described afterwards, and they include suppression ofatrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia （VT） storm.

关键词： Renal nerve denervation sympathetic nerve activity Ventricular tachyarrhythmias

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Catheter-based renal denervation： treating hypertension or beyond？

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第6期127卷 1166-1169页

作者： Felix Mahfoud Dominik Linz Michael B(o)hm Department of Internal Medicine Saarland University Homburg 66421 Germany

The sympathetic nervous system regulates cardiac output,blood pressure(BP)and volume,electrolyte balance,and the composition of body fluids.The afferent nervous signals to the brain are regulated by mechano-sensitive

关键词： renal sympathetic denervation hypertension sympathetic nervous system

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Risk stratifi cation and therapeutics of neuroblastoma:the challenges remain

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第1期12卷 5-7页

作者： Hong Mei Zhen-Yu Lin Qiang-Song Tong Department of Pediatric Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Cancer Center Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina

Pediatric oncology is a rapidly evolving and exciting field.Although advances have been made in this field through the integration of systematic basic laboratory and clinical research,treatment outcomes are still suboptimal for patients with a malignant solid tumor.Neuroblastoma,the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood,accounts for 7%-8%of all cancers in children in the United States and United Kingdom.[1,2]It typically originates from the adrenal gland,sympathetic ganglia。

关键词： neuroblastoma clinical sympathetic

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Renal sympathetic denervation in therapy resistant hypertension-pathophysiological aspects and predictors for treatment success

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World Journal of Cardiology 2016年第8期8卷 436-446页

作者： Karl Fengler Karl Philipp Rommel Thomas Okon Gerhard Schuler Philipp Lurz Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology University of Leipzig-Heart Center

Many forms of human hypertension are associated with an increased systemic sympathetic activity. Especially the renal sympathetic nervous system has been found to play a prominent role in this context. Therefore, catheterinterventional renal sympathetic denervation(RDN) has been established as a treatment for patients suffering from therapy resistant hypertension in the past decade. The initial enthusiasm for this treatment was markedly dampened by the results of the Symplicity-HTN-3 trial, although the transferability of the results into clinical practice to date appears to be questionable. In contrast to the extensive use of RDN in treating hypertensive patients within or without clinical trial settings over the past years, its effects on the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying therapy resistant hypertension are only partly understood and are part of ongoing research. Effects of RDN have been described on many levels in human trials: From altered systemic sympathetic activity across cardiac and metabolic alterations down to changes in renal function. Most of these changes could sustainably change long-term morbidity and mortality of the treated patients, even if blood pressure remains unchanged. Furthermore, a number of promising predictors for a successful treatment with RDN have been identified recently and further trials are ongoing. This will certainly help to improve the preselection of potential candidates for RDN and thereby optimize treatment outcomes. This review summarizes important pathophysiologic effects of renal denervation and illustrates the currently known predictors for therapy success.

关键词： Renal sympathetic denervation sympathetic nervous system Predictors Hypertension Renal Hypertension

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Hoarseness of voice and discomfort in the throat observed after quadratus lumborum block

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第16期134卷 2009-2010页

作者： Jihyun Chung Seunguk Bang Woojin Kwon Youngin Lee Jinsoo Kim Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Ajou University College of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea.

To the Editor:Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block(TQLB)is known to provide visceral analgesia by blocking sympathetic fibers by spreading into the thoracic paravertebral spaces.[1]It is relatively safer than other conventional methods of analgesia.However,to our knowledge,there have been no reports of hoarseness associated with TQLB.Herein,we report two cases of hoarseness and discomfort to the throat after TQLB.

关键词： muscular sympathetic analgesia

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