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环境湿度中的可持续能量收集

Science Bulletin 2020年第21期65卷 1783-1784页

作者：布天昭张弛 CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University

Recent years,due to the problems of energy crisis and environment pollution,new technologies for harvesting clean energy from environment have attracted more and more attentions such as solar cells [1],thermoelectric devices [2],mechanical generators[3].However,all these devices have to work in a specific environment,which greatly limits the sustained energy harvesting.

关键词： harvesting sustained 能量收集

sustained virologic response to direct-acting antiviral agents predicts better outcomes in hepatitis C virus-infected patients: A retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第40期25卷 6094-6106页

作者： Gian Luca Colussi Debora Donnini Rosario Francesco Brizzi Silvia Maier Luca Valenti Cristiana Catena Alessandro Cavarape Leonardo Alberto Sechi Giorgio Soardo Department of Medicine University of Udine

BACKGROUND Direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)are extremely effective in eradicating hepatitis C virus(HCV)in chronically infected patients.However,the protective role of the sustained virologic response(SVR)achieved by second-and thirdgeneration DAAs against the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and mortality is less well established.AIM To examine the occurrence of HCC or death from any cause in a retrospectiveprospective study of patients treated with DAAs.METHODS Patients were enrolled from a tertiary academic hospital center for liver disease management that collects subject data mainly from northeastern Italy.The study was conducted in 380 patients(age:60±13 years,224 males,32%with cirrhosis)treated with DAAs with or without SVR(95/5%),with a median follow up of 58 wk(interquartile range:38-117).The baseline anthropometric features,HCV viral load,severity of liver disease,presence of extra-hepatic complications,coinfection with HIV and/or HBV,alcohol consumption,previous interferon use,alphafetoprotein levels,and renal function were considered to be confounders.RESULTS The incidence rate of HCC in patients with and without SVR was 1.3 and 59 per 100 person-years,respectively(incidence rate ratio:44,95%CI:15-136,P<0.001).Considering the combined endpoint of HCC or death from any cause,the hazard ratio(HR)for the SVR patients was 0.070(95%CI:0.025-0.194,P<0.001).Other independent predictors of HCC or death were low HCV viremia(HR:0.808,P=0.030),low platelet count(HR:0.910,P=0.041),and presence of mixed cryoglobulinemia(HR:3.460,P=0.044).Considering SVR in a multi-state model,the independent predictors of SVR achievement were absence of cirrhosis(HR:0.521,P<0.001)and high platelet count(HR:1.019,P=0.026).Mixed cryoglobulinemia predicted the combined endpoint in patients with and without SVR(HR:5.982,P=0.028 and HR:5.633,P=0.047,respectively).CONCLUSION DAA treatment is effective in inducing SVR and protecting against HCC or death.A residual risk of HCC persists in patients with advanced liver disease or w

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral agents Hepatitis C virus Mixed cryoglobulinemia sustained virologic response Cirrhosis Survival analysis

Cavefish mount a rapid and sustained regenerative response following skeletal muscle injury

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 776-778页

作者： Luke Olsen Huzaifa Hassan Fanning Xia Sarah Keaton Nicolas Rohner Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas CityMO 64110USA Department of Molecular&Integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biological Sciences DePaul UniversityChicagoIL 60614USA

Dear Editor,Physical injury and tissue damage are prevalent throughout the animal kingdom,with the ability to regenerate quickly and efficiently providing a selective advantage.In most vertebrates,skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to regenerate,making it a valuable model for investigating the cellular processes underpinning tissue regeneration.Following damage,skeletal muscle mounts a complex regenerative cascade centered around dedicated muscle stem cells,i.e.,satellite cells.These satellite cells are,in turn,regulated by both resident and infiltrating innate immune cells of myeloid lineage,which play a crucial role in activating and guiding the transition of satellite cells towards maturation(Chen et al.,2020;Tidball,2017;Tidball&Villalta,2010).While critical for muscle regeneration,the innate immune system is energetically costly,resulting in many species decreasing immune investment under nutrient-limited environments.Whether this reduced investment results in a decreased capacity to mount a regenerative response following tissue damage remains unclear.Here,we utilized an emerging evolutionary model,the Mexican tetra(Astyanax mexicanus),to investigate the consequences of shifts in immune system investment on skeletal muscle regeneration.

关键词： sustained mount injury

sustained virological response: A milestone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第18期19卷 2793-2798页

作者： Filomena Morisco Rocco Granata Tommaso Stroffolini Maria Guarino Laura Donnarumma Laura Gaeta Ilaria Loperto Ivan Gentile Francesco Auriemma Nicola Caporaso Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Gastroenterology Unit University of Naples "Federico Ⅱ" 80131 Naples Italy Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali University of Rome "La Sapienza" 00161 Rome Italy Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Infectious Diseases Unit University of Naples "Federico Ⅱ" 80131 Naples Italy

AIM: To evaluate the long-term eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and liver-related complications in chronically infected patients that have achieved sustained virological response. METHODS: One hundred and fifty subjects with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) or cirrhosis and sustained virological response (SVR) between the years of 1989 and 2008 were enrolled in a long-term clinical follow-up study at the Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit of the University Hospital of Naples "Federico Ⅱ". At the beginning of the study, the diagnosis of HCV infection was made on the basis of serum positivity for antibodies to HCV and detection of HCV RNA transcripts, while a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis was formulated using imaging techniques and/or a liver biopsy. SVR was achieved by interferon-based therapy, both conventional and pegylated, with and without ribavirin treatment. The patients were evaluated for follow-up at a median length of 8.6 years, but ranged from 2-19.9 years. Among them, 137 patients had pre-treatment CHC and 13 had cirrhosis. The patients were followed with clinical, biochemical, virological, and ultrasound assessments on a given schedule. Finally, a group of 27 patients underwent a liver biopsy at the beginning of the study and transient elastography at their final visit to evaluate changes in liver fibrosis. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 8.6 years (range 2-19.9 years). HCV RNA remained undetectable in all patients, even in patients who eventually developed liver-related complications, indicating no risk of HCV recurrence. Three liver-related complications were observed: two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and one case of bleeding from esophageal varices resulting in an incidence rate of 0.23%/person per year. Further, all three complications took place in patients diagnosed with cirrhosis before treatment began. Only one death due to liver-related causes occurred, resulting in a mortality rate of 0.077% person per year. This amounts to a 99.33% survival rate in our cohort of patients after

关键词： Antiviral therapy Cirrhosis Hepatitis C virus sustained virological response Fibrosis

Development of mucoadhesive sericin/alginate particles loaded with ibuprofen for sustained drug delivery

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Particuology 2018年第6期16卷 65-73页

作者： Emanuelle D.Freitas Jacyara M.M.Vidart Edson A.Silva Meuris G.C.da Silva Melissa G.A.Vieira Department of Processes and Products Design School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas-UNICAMPAlbert Einstein Avenue50013083-852CampinasSPBrazil School of Chemical Engineering State University of West Parana-UNIOESTEFaculdade Street64585903-000ToledoPRBrazil

A sericin/alginate blend was successfully applied as a matrix for incorporation of ibuprofen.This provided a sustained release formulation,which could improve the therapeutic efficacy of ibuprofen and patient adherence to treatment.Sericin increased the proportion of drug incorporated into the particles (i.e., the drug incorporation efficiency),with incorporation rates between 73.01%±1.70%and 94.15%±4.21%. Alginate affected the drug release,and the particles with the maximum alginate mass fraction tested (2.8%)showed sustained release through a dissolution mechanism,reaching equilibrium after about 1400rain.Analysis of the incorporation efficiency and the drug release time showed the best results were for formulations with a high alginate content.Scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis were used for particle characterization to study the incorporation of ibuprofen.The particle size range was 0.80±0.13to 1.08±0.11mm.The size distributions of sericin-containing particles showed a good fit with the Gaussian model.

关键词： Sericin Alginate Ibuprofen sustained drug release

Ternary nanoparticle complex of ciprofloxacin exhibiting sustained release at gastric pH prepared by co-complexation with polyanions and an ionic amphiphile

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Particuology 2019年第4期17卷 58-65页

作者： Bingxue Dong Wean Sin Cheow Kunn Hadinoto School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore Singapore Institute of Technology Singapore 138683 Singapore

Poor bioavailability of the broad spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) is caused by its narrow absorption window in the stomach. With the aim of prolonging the gastric reside nee time of CIP, we prepared a ternary nano particle complex (nan oplex) of CIP by co-complexation w ith polya nions (sodium dextran sulfate (DXT)) and an anionic amphiphile (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)). We investigated the effect of the charge ratio of DXT to SDS on the size, zeta potential, CIP payload, and CIP utilization rate of the CIP-DXTSDS nanoplex and its dissolution characteristics in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses showed that the ternary nanoplex was made up of amorphous C1P-DXT and crystalline CIP-SDS complexes. The size of the CIP-DXT-SDS nanoplex prepared at a >90% CIP utilization rate was 110-290 nm and it had a zeta potential of -16-39 mV, and CIP payload of 47-62%, depending on the charge ratio. At gastric pH, the CIP-DXT-SDS nanoplex prepared with a DXT:SDS charge ratio lower than 80:20 exhibited prolonged CIP release (60% dissolution after 8 h) compared with native CIP (100% dissolution after 1 h) and a binary CIP-DXT nanoplex (80% dissolution after 5 h), which was attributed to its lower solubility. The sustained release characteristics of the CIP-DXT-SDS nanoplex were comparable to those of existing CIP gastrorete ntive formulations.

关键词： Nanoparticle complex sustained drug release Solubility Amorphization Crystallization

Taste masking of ofloxacin and formation of interpenetrating polymer network beads for sustained release

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第4期7卷 244-251页

作者： A. Michael Rajesh Kiritkumar Mangaldas Popat Reverse Osmosis Membrane Division Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)G.B. MargBhavnagar 364 002India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)G.B. MargBhavnagar 364 002India

The objective of this study was to carry out taste masking of ofloxacin(Ofl) by ion exchange resins(IERs)followed by sustained release of Ofl by forming interpenetrating polymer network(IPN) beads. Drug-resin complexes(DRCs) with three different ratios of Ofl to IERs(1:1, 1:2, 1:4) were prepared by batch method and investigated for in vivo and in vitro taste masking. DRC of methacrylic acid-divinyl benzene(MD) resin and Ofl prepared at a ratio of 1:4 was used to form IPN beads. IPN beads of MD 1:4 were prepared by following the ionic cross-linking method using sodium carboxymethyl xanthan gum(SCMXG) and SCMXG-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(SCMXG-SCMC). IPN beads were characterized with FT-IR and further studied on sustained release of Ofl at different pH. In vivo taste masking carried out by human volunteers showed that MD 1:4 significantly reduced the bitterness of Ofl. Characterization studies such as FT-IR, DSC, P-XRD and taste masking showed that complex formation took place between drug and resin. In vitro study at gastric pH showed complete release of drug from MD 1:4 within 30 min whereas IPN beads took 5 h at gastric pH and 10 h at salivary pH for the complete release of drug. As the crosslinking increased the release kinetics changed into non-Fickian diffusion to zero-order release mechanism. MD 1:4 showed better performance for the taste masking of Ofl and IPNs beads prepared from it were found useful for the sustained release of Ofl at both the pH, indicating a versatile drug delivery system.

关键词： Ion exchange resins Ofloxacin in vivo & in vitro taste masking Interpenetrating polymer network sustained release

Fatty liver in hepatitis C patients post-sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第11期24卷 1269-1277页

作者： Mazen Noureddin Micaela M Wong Tsuyoshi Todo Shelly C Lu Arun J Sanyal Edward A Mena Fatty Liver Program Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States California Liver Research Institute PasadenaCA 91105United States Comprehensive Transplant Center Department of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298United States

AIM To determine steatosis and fibrosis prevalence in hepatitis C patients after a sustained virological response achieved with direct-acting antivirals.METHODS Transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter(CAP) was used to assess hepatic steatosis post-sustained virological response(SVR);the CAP technology was not available in the United States at study initiation.Liver stiffness/fibrosis was measured before and 47 wk after treatment completion.Patients with genotype 3 and patients with cirrhosis were excluded.RESULTS One hundred and one patients were included in the study.Post-SVR there were decreases from baseline in alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(63.1 to 17.8 U/L),aspartate aminotransferase(51.8 to 21.5 U/L) and fibrosis score(7.4 to 6.1 k Pa)(P < 0.05).Post-SVR,48 patients(47.5%) had steatosis on CAP;of these,6.25% had advanced fibrosis.Patients with steatosis had higher body mass index(29.0 vs 26.1 kg/m2),glucose(107.8 vs 96.6 mg/d L),ALT(20.4 vs 15.3 mg/d L),CAP score(296.3 vs 212.4 d B/m) and fibrosis score(7.0 vs 5.3 k Pa);P < 0.05.Interestingly,compared to baseline,both patients with and without steatosis had change in fibrosis score post-SVR(7.7 k Pa vs 7.0 k Pa and 7.0 k Pa vs 5.3 k Pa);alternatively,(P < 0.05) and therefore patients with steatosis continued to have clinically significant stiffness(≥ 7 k Pa).CONCLUSION Fatty liver is very common in hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients post-SVR.These patients continue to have elevated mean fibrosis score(≥ 7 k Pa) compared to those without fatty liver;some have advanced fibrosis.Long term follow up is needed to assess steatosis and fibrosis in HCV patients post-SVR.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatitis C Fibrosis Steatosis sustained virological response Direct-acting antivirals

Development and characterization of ethylcellulose based microsphere for sustained release of nifedipine

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第5期6卷 341-344页

作者： Patitapabana Parida Subash Chandra Mishra Subhashree Sahoo Ajit Behera Bibhukalyan Prasad Nayak Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering NIT Rourkela Odisha 769008 India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering NIT Rourkela Odisha 769008 India Department of Pharmaceutics Kanakmanjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rourkela Odisha 769015 India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering IIT Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India

This article introduced the work of ethylcellulose based polymeric microsphere loaded with nifedipine for reduction in frequency of administration with low solubility in aqueous medium and high rate of absorption in the stomach. The non-aqueous polymeric suspension was put dropwise into an aqueous medium containing polyvinyl alcohol as a surfactant for the synthesis of microsphere by solvent evaporation. The microspheres were characterized by different techniques, namely, XRD, SEM, and NMR. The formation of microspheres was confirmed by SEM. XRD analysis revealed the semi-crystallinity nature of microspheres. The NMR study indicated the presence of hetero-aromatic nucleus in the microsphere.

关键词： Nifedipine Microsphere Solvent evaporation sustained release