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Urban Climate Analysis with Remote Sensing and Climate Observations: A Case of Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania

Advances in Remote Sensing 2017年第2期6卷 120-131页

作者： Siwa Ernest Augustino R. Nduganda Japhet J. Kashaigili Tanzania Forestry Research Institute Morogoro Tanzania Tanzania Meteorological Agency Dar Es Salaam Tanzania Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

Rapid urbanization is threatening sustainable development of urban areas in Tanzania. Among the risks of rapid urbanization are Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and climate change. While this has been noted, it is not known to what extent these risks are being realized in fast growing urban areas like Morogoro and other areas of similar geographic and climatic conditions. Therefore a study was conducted to assess the influence of urbanization on UHI and climate in Morogoro Municipality using remote sensing and climate data. Landsat imageries acquired in 1990, 2000 and 2015 were used to assess the change of impervious surface for the year 1990 to 2015 using a Classification and Regression Tree (CART). Radiant surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were derived from thermal band and reflectance bands respectively. Mann-Kendall test was used to analyze climate data for trends. Results revealed an increase of impervious surface (built up areas) from 9 km2 in 1990 to 48 km2 in 2000 and 82 km2 in 2015;which is associated with UHI. UHI was not apparent in 1990, but was apparent in 2000 and 2015 with the temperature rise of 1.08°C and 1.22°C respectively. A linear relationship between radiant surface temperature (TB ) and percent Impervious Surface (ISA);and between TB and NDVI it revealed that NDVI is better indicator of variations in TB dynamics than percent ISA. Mann-Kendall test indicated a significant increasing trend in mean annual maximum temperature. The results imply that increasing ISA coupled with vegetation degradation has contributed to temperature rise and change. Consequently, Morogoro Municipality residents are likely to suffer heat stress due to rapid urbanization. It is recommended that education on the use of reflective surfaces should be given to the residents;and an effective master plan that protects vegetation should be in place.

关键词： Radiant Temperature Impervious surfaces Urban Heat Island Random Forest Algorithm Mann-Kendall Test

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Analysis of Impervious Surface Area, and the Impacts on Soil-Based Agriculture and the Hydrologic Cycle: A Case Study in the Agricultural Land Reserve in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 837-856页

作者： Ashley Rose Julie E. Wilson Les M. Lavkulich Master of Land and Water Systems Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

The province of British Columbia, Canada, has established an Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) to protect the most suitable soil landscapes for agriculture. Increases in population and urbanization have resulted in development challenges on ALR lands. The Metro Vancouver area is the most productive agricultural area in British Columbia as well as the most rapidly growing urban region. The increase in impervious areas has decreased the amount of arable land for soil-based agriculture and altered the hydrological cycle. Analysis using a combination of aerial imagery and GIS found that impervious areas comprise about 10 percent of the ALR within Metro Vancouver. Farm residences and greenhouses have the largest effect on reducing the soil surface for water infiltration. This decrease in area has negatively influenced the ecosystem heath of the region, as well as, decreasing the amount of agricultural land for soil based agriculture and both surface and groundwater dynamics.

关键词： Agricultural Land Reserve Impervious surfaces Watershed Health Stormwater Runoff Hydrology

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Periodic Planar Multilayered Substrates Analysis Using Wave Concept Iterative Process

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2012年第3期4卷 118-128页

作者： El Amjed Hajlaoui Hichem Trabelsi Henri Baudrand Hichem Trabelsi Hichem Trabelsi Laboratoire d’Electronique Departement de Physique Faculte des Sceinces de Tunis Tunis Tunisie Laboratoire d’Electronique Groupe Microonde ENSEEIHT Toulouse France

Due to the practical importance and difficulties associated with their closed form solutions, the experimental and computational study of periodic planar multilayered structures, such as FSS in multilayered configuration and Multilayered Planar antennas array, are in complementary progress. During the past two decades, the widespread use of such methods has allowed a broad range of important scattering problems involving non-standard shapes, boundary conditions and material composition to be solved. In this sense, an efficient iterative technique based on the concept of wave is presented for computing periodic substrates in multilayered configuration. This paper presents an extensible approach of the iterative method to study multilayered substrates (n layers in which n = 2, 20) with spatial periodicity in multi- layer configuration. Our new approach is performed in order to study 3 dimensional structures by the method called Wave Concept Iterative Process (WCIP). This method is adapted in its original form to study 2 dimensional structures. The third dimension is modulated by transmission line as an approximation for every mode in spectral domain. The utility of the new WCIP appears because of its fast convergence and little consumption in memory.

关键词： WCIP Transmission Line Theory Patch Antenna Frequency Selective surfaces (FSS)

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Preparation and Characterization of Titania Microspheres and Their Application in a Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase

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Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology 2016年第3期6卷 21-28页

作者： Jie Zhang Xiaoshu Zhu Yinping Zhang Analysis & Testing Center Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Key Lab of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province Nanjing China

Titania microspheres were synthesized using hydrothermal methods to exploit a new liquid chromatography stationary phase. The prepared titania microspheres were approximately 7 μm in diameter, and the particle size distribution was relatively narrow and uniform. Furthermore, the average specific surface area was 276.0 m2·g·1, the average pore volume was approximately 0.25 mL·g·1, and the pore diameter was approximately 35.9 nm for sintering titania microspheres. These parameters indicate that the titania microspheres prepared for this study have excellent surface properties for chromatography. Additionally, columns filled with the titania microspheres were able to separate basic compounds, including benzene, nitrobenzene and o-nitroanisole. It could be proposed that the titania microspheres prepared for this study would be a promising stationary phase for liquid chromatography.

关键词： Hydrothermal Method Porous Materials Titania Microspheres Sintering Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase surfaces

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Periodic Orbits of the First Kind in the Autonomous Four-body Problem with the Case of Collision

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第2期7卷 91-111页

作者： M. R. Hassan Md. Aminul Hassan Payal Singh Vinay Kumar R. R. Thapa Department of Mathematics S. M. College T. M. Bhagalpur University Bhagalpur India GTE Bangalore India Research Scholar T. M. Bhagalpur University Bhagalpur India Department of Mathematics Zakir Hussain College University of Delhi New Delhi India Department of Mathematics P. G. Campus Tribhuvan University Biratnagar Nepal

In this manuscript, the existence of periodic orbits of collision of the first kind has been discussed on the model of Autonomous Four-body Problem by the method of analytic continuation given by Giacaglia [1] and Bhatnagar [2] [3]. For the existence of periodic orbits, Duboshin’s criterion [4] has been satisfied and it has been confirmed by analyzing the Poincare surfaces of section (PSS) [5]. Also it has been shown that the case of collision given by Levi-Civita [6] [7] is conserved by the method analytic continuation. In all sections of this manuscript, equilateral triangular configuration given by Ceccaroni and Biggs [8] has been considered. In this model, third primary of L4 inferior mass (in comparison of the other primaries) is placed at the equilibrium point of the R3BP.

关键词： Autonomous Four-Body Problem Regularization Periodicity Poincare surfaces of Section Collision Orbit Zero Velocity Curves

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Design and Development of Impeller Synergic Systems of Electromagnetic Type to Levitation/Suspension Flight of Symmetrical Bodies

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2012年第1期4卷 42-52页

作者： Francisco Bulnes Juan Carlos Maya Isaías Martínez 不详

Using certain models of twistor surfaces for fields of force and the mathematical relationships that lie among fields, lines, surfaces and flows of energy, it has been designed and developed a flight electromagnetic type system based on the synergic study of their electromagnetic field geodesics to generate vehicle levitation, suspension and movement without being in contact with the surface. The idea of such work is to obtain a new flight and impulse patent of an electromagnetic vehicle by principles of super-conduction and some laws of the current like Eddy currents and principles which are very similar to mechanics of sidereal objects like galaxies or stars under models of twistor surfaces. This vehicle will be controlled by one microchip that will be programmed by conscience operators algebra of electromagnetic type that leads to the flow of Eddy currents, the iso-rotations and suspension of the special geometrical characteristics vehicle, generating also on the vehicle structure certain “magnetic conscience” that provokes all movements like succeeding to the sidereal objects in the universe.

关键词： Electromagnetic Levitation Twistor surfaces of Impulse Symmetrical Space of Iso-Rotations Superconductive Quantum Algebra Magnetic Conscience Operators

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Information metasurfaces and intelligent metasurfaces

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Photonics Insights 2022年第1期1卷 104-104页

作者： Shuming Wang Shining Zhu National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina

Metamaterials,due to their incomparable capabilities in manipulating effective material parameters,have been attracting worldwide attention in the past two *** previous works,most metamaterials and metasurfaces focused on the material parameter steering in a continuous scale,which is regarded as“analog metamaterials/metasurfaces.”Since Cui et *** the concept of digital coding and programmable metamaterials/metasurfaces in 2014[1],a new perspective to design metasurfaces has been opened up,bridging between electromagnetic physics and digital information for the first *** metamaterials/metasurfaces have presented diverse physical principles and applications in electromagnetic field manipulations,further deriving many *** the process of exploration and enrichment in recent years,the coding metasurface has continuously demonstrated its powerful ability in information regulation and *** this as a strong connection,the field has gradually grown into a new system called information metamaterials/metasurfaces[2,3].

关键词： surfaces attracting continuously

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROMOTOR Co ATOMS ON THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE HIGHLY EDGED PLANE OF MoS2 CRYSTAL

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Chinese Physics Letters 1986年第7期3卷 309-312页

作者： HU Yongjun LIN Zhangda WANG Changheng XIE Kan Institute of Physics Academia SinicaBeiiing

To elucidate the promotion action of cobalt on Mo sulfide catalysts, UV-Photoelectron Spectroscopy(UPS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Lou Energy Diffraction(LEED) have been applied to study the submonolayer deposited process of metal Co on the highly edged surfaces of MoS2 crystal. The results show that the electronic effect near EF rather than the chemical changes on the surfaces, might be primary influence.

关键词： influence crystal surfaces

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Holocene soils and relict paleosols, southern coast ranges,California, USA

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S1期44卷 15-19页

作者： W.D.NETTLETON B.R.BRASHER E.C.BENHAM O.A.CHADWICK USDA-NRCS NSSC SSL Lincoln NE 68508 and Dept. of Geography U. C. Santa Barbara CA

Thirty-nine soils were studied on Holocene and late Pleistocene geomorphic ***, sandstone, and alluvium derived from these rocks are the parent materials. Climateis Mediterranean. Chamise （Adenostoma faciculatum） is on the drier sites and redwood （Sequoiasempervirens） on the moister sites. Our objectives are twofold, （1） Find if today’s two-season wet-dry, subhumid climate explains the general noncalcic nature of the soils, or if not （2） accept thattheir noncalcic nature results from more moist past climates and define some indicator soilproperties. The depth to carbonate in the soils formed in calcareous materials on Holocenesurfaces corresponds roughly to the average annual depth of water movement, not to the predictedwettest years. We accept then, that the relict paleosols formed under one or more pluvial cyclesbecause they are free of carbonate below their B horizons. Defined levels of pedon clayaccumulation, dithionite-citrate extractable Fe （Fed） accumulation in the B horizons, cationexchange capacity at pH 7 （CEC7） to clay ratios, and the minimum base saturation at pH 7 （BS7） inthe pedons are useful properties for separating these relict paleosols from the Holocene age soils.A further evidence of the relict nature of the soils on the Pleistocene surfaces is the weatheringreversal noted in these previously weathered materials.

关键词： geomorphic surfaces weathering paleoclimates leaching

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IMPACT OF CHARGE ACCUMULATION ON SURFACE ELECTRIC FILED INTENSITY IN VACUUM UNDER NANOSECOND IMPULSE VOLTAGE APPLICATION 19th

IMPACT OF CHARGE ACCUMULATION ON SURFACE ELECTRIC FILED INTE...

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The ⅪⅩ International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Applications

作者： BO QI CHENGRONG LI JIXIN GAO DANGGUO XU SHAOYU LIU Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage and EMC North China Electric Power University State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University North China Electric Power Research Institute

ISBN: (纸本)9771003651221

＜正＞The present research attempts to fill the gap by studying the impact of surface charge accumulation on the electric field distribution in vacuum under the application of nanosecond impulse *** experimental platform for the testing of dielectric surface charge under nanosecond impulse voltage application in vacuum was established and the static probe method was adopted to have measured the distribution of accumulated surface charges and thus the impact of charge accumulation on the surface electric field intensity under the impulse voltage *** results indicate that surface charge accumulation leads to apparent increase in local electric field intensify on the insulator surface,endangering the dielectric properties of both vacuum and insulator surface. The present paper therefore argues not to neglect the impact of surface charge accumulation on electric field distribution when designing dielectric devices in high vacuum but to pay high attention to the selection of appropriate dielectric materials and the use of suitable shapes of electrodes.

关键词： dielectric materials probe method VOLTAGE Pulses Electric charge NANOSECOND Dielectric devices electric field distribution Shock voltage high vacuum field distribution Surface charge surfaces Vacuum Electricity

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