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Decadal Seismicity before Great Earthquakes—strike-slip faults and Plate Interiors: Major Asperities and Low-Coupling Zones

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第9期12卷 784-833页

作者： Lynn R. Sykes Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades New York USA

Decadal forerunning seismic activity is examined for very large, shallow earthquakes along strike-slip and intraplate faults of the world. It includes forerunning shocks of magnitude Mw ≥ 5.0 for 21 mainshocks of Mw 7.5 to 8.6 from 1989 to 2020. Much forerunning activity occurred at what are interpreted to be smaller asperities along the peripheries of the rupture zones of great mainshocks at transform faults and subduction zones. Several great asperities as ascertained from forerunning activity agree with the areas of high seismic slip as determined by others using geodetic, mapping of surface faulting, and finite-source seismic modeling. The zones of high slip in many great earthquakes were nearly quiescent beforehand and are identified as the sites of great asperities. Asperities are strong, well-coupled portions of plate interfaces. Different patterns of forerunning activity on time scales of up to 45 years are attributed to the sizes and spacing of asperities (or lack of). This permits at least some great asperities along transform faults to be mapped decades before they rupture in great shocks. Rupture zones of many great mainshocks along transform faults are bordered either along strike, at depth or regionally by zones of lower plate coupling including either fault creep forerunning activity, aftershocks and/or slow-slip events. Forerunning activity to transforms in continental areas is more widespread spatially than that adjacent to oceanic transforms. The parts of the San Andreas fault themselves that ruptured in great California earthquakes during 1812, 1857 and 1906 have been very quiet since 1920;moderate to large shocks have been concentrated on their peripheries. The intraplate shocks studied, however, e

关键词： Earthquakes strike-slip faults Transform faults Intraplate Prediction Plate Coupling Asperities

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Large Active faults and the Wharton Basin Intraplate Earthquakes in the Eastern Indian Ocean

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第6期22卷 1563-1571页

作者： CHEN Jie GUO Laiyin YANG Xiaodong ZHANG Jinchang ZHANG Zhiwen SUN Mengyu LIN Jingxue Fourth Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeihai 536007China Department of Ocean Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyInnovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 511458China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Science CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In recent years,great earthquakes occurred within the Wharton Basin in the eastern Indian Ocean,and they have been associa-ted with active faulting on the ancient oceanic *** seismogenic faults were thought to be the fault reactivation on the ancient oceanic crust,but these phenomena are still unclear and require *** study used high-quality multibeam bathymetry and multichannel seismic data collected over the northern Ninetyeast Ridge to investigate detailed fault geometry,structure,and *** recognized 12 large linear active faults by integrating bathymetry maps and multichannel seismic reflection *** results showed that these faults have high angles,and they all displaced the basement and propagated to the seafloor with distinct fault *** trended NWW-SEE with a spacing of 10–40km and were parallel to each other and the nearby subfault of the 2012 great intraplate earthquake,suggesting similar stress *** faults are also in agreement with the orientations of magnetic isochrons,implying their formation by seafloor ***,regarding the strike-slip focal mechanism of 2012 earthquakes,we proposed that these faults were created early by a normal spreading process and then evolved into a strike-slip pattern since the ancient oceanic crust ap-proached the subduction zones.

关键词： Ninetyeast Ridge Wharton Basin strike-slip faults great earthquakes seismogenic structure earthquake mechanism

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Effects of Intracratonic strike-slip Fault on the Differentiation of Carbonate Microfacies: A Case Study of a Permian Platform Margin in the Sichuan Basin(SW China)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 936-954页

作者： LIU Jiawei WU Guanghui TANG Qingsong WU Yonghong ZHANG Wenjin ZHAO Zhongyu School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Qiangtang Basin Research Institute Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Southwest Petroleum University Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs of CNPCChengdu 610500China PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company Chengdu 610051China

In intracratnoic basins, the effect of strike-slip faults on sedimentary microfacies is generally underestimated due to their small scale. Based on the integration of core, well logs, and three-dimensional seismic data, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Permian carbonate platform and strike-slip faults in the southwestern Kaijiang-Liangping trough of the Sichuan Basin. The relationship between strike-slip faults and Permian carbonate microfacies is investigated. The results reveals the existence of a NW-trending strike-slip fault zone along the platform margin, exhibiting clear segmentation. The western side of the study area exhibits a rimmed platform margin characterized by type I reefs, which corresponds to the presence of a large-scale strike-slip fault zone. In contrast, the eastern side is characterized by a norimmed and weak rimmed platform margin, accompanied by type II reefs, which align with smaller strike-slip fault zones. It was found that the strike-slip fault had some effects on the platform and reef-shoal complex of the Permain Changxing Formation. First, the platform was divided by strike-slip fault into three segments to show rimmed, week rimmed and norimmed platform. Second, reef-shoal complex devolped along the faulted high position in the strike-slip fault zone, and separated by faulted depression. Third, strike-slip faults can offset or migrated the reef-shoal complex and platform margin. Additionally, the thickness of the platform margin varies across strike-slip fault zone, which is related to the activity of strike-slip faults. The strike-slip faults affect the microfacies by controlling the pre-depositional paleotopography. This case suggests that the strike-slip faults play a crucial role in the diversity and distribution of carbonate microfacies in the intracratonic basin.

关键词： strike-slip faults segmentation carbonate platform sediment dispersal pattern Changxing Formation Kaijiang–Liangping trough Sichuan Basin

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Stress tensors and quantification of fracture patterns to analyze connectivity and potential fluid flow in a mesa landform of the Northern Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 271-291页

作者： GARCÍA-ARIAS Sergio VELANDIA Francisco ALVAREZ Angélica SANABRIA-GÓMEZ JoséD TARAZONA Yessenia VARGAS María Camila Escuela de Geología Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia Escuela de Física Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia

This work applies stress tensors inversions and quantification of fracture patterns along the Mesa de Los Santos, in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, to better understand the potential fluid flow. It thus contributes to the conceptual hydrogeological model. The area was subdivided into three blocks, separated by the NW Potreros and the Los Santos faults, having minor inner faults of different orientations. This separation facilitates the analysis of the fractures measured in the field, which in general show high dip angles and a conjugate geometry in the northern block, tension fractures(Mode I) in the central block, and a random distribution in the southwestern block. WinTensor treatment of slickensides yielded a maximum horizontal stress(SHmax) of 111o, which coincides with the WNW-ESE tensor observed from the conjugate and tension joints. We then used Frac Pa Q to generate interpolation maps of fracture intensity and density. The maps show the highest values in the central block and the lowest in the northern block,where the precipitation is higher, causing intensive rock weathering and homogenization of the fracture planes. Although the highest values of connectivity by line are found to the south of the mesa, we suggest the possibility of greater flow from the recharge zone(NE) along bedding planes and open NW-SE fractures.

关键词： Mesa de Los Santos Colombia Win-Tensor FracPaQ strike-slip faults Fractured aquifers

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