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The stomata frontline of plant interaction with the environment-perspectives from hormone regulation

Frontiers in Biology 2012年第2期7卷 96-112页

作者： Mengmeng ZHU Shaojun DAI Sixue CHEN Department of Biology Genetics Institute Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research （ICBR） University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center Northeast Forestry University Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China

Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to perceive and integrate signals from various environmental conditions. On leaf surface, stomata formed by pairs of guard cells mediate gas exchange, water transpiration as well as function in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. stomatal closure could be induced by drought, salt, pathogen and other adverse conditions. This constitutes an instant defense response to prevent further damage to plants. Abscisic acid （ABA） is a major plant hormone involved in stress responses. Stress-activated ABA synthesis causes stomatal closure and prevents opening to reduce water loss and cell dehydration. Key regulatory receptor complex and other important components in the ABA signaling pathway have been identified. However, our knowledge of ABA signal transduction in guard cells is far from complete. Jasmonates are a group of phytohormones generally known to be important for plant defense against insects and necrotrophic pathogens. The increased levels of methyl jasmonate （MeJA） induced by herbivory and pathogen invasion show a similar effect on stomatal movement associated with ROS production as ABA. Investigation of guard cell signaling networks involving the two important phytohormones is significant and exciting. Information about protein and metabolite components and how they interact in guard cells is lacking. Here we review recent advances on hormone signaling networks in guard cells and how the networks integrate environmental signals to plant physiological output.

关键词： stomata guard cells hormone signaling molecular networks

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Influences of adaxial and abaxial stomata on the asymmetry of photosynthesis in leaves of maize and sorghum

Influences of adaxial and abaxial stomata on the asymmetry o...

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生态文明建设中的植物学：现在与未来——中国植物学会第十...

作者： Bing-Jie Wu Jian Zhang Xiao-Lin Wang Yu-Jun Liu Lei Sh Chuang-Dao Jiang Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University

Although maize and sorghum are C4 plants with isobilateral leaves,significant differences in stomata number between adaxial and abaxial leaf sides were observed.Therefore,we hypothesized that the differences between adaxial and abaxial stomata may partially explain the asymmetry of photosynthesis.To clarify this question,the influences of leaf adaxial and abaxial stomata on photosynthesis were carefully investigated in maize and sorghum.Compared with the adaxial side of leaves,the abaxial side had higher stomatal density and larger sub-cavity.Blocking abaxial stomata induced a clearer decrease in photosynthetic rate than blocking adaxial stomata regardless of light orientations.Additionally,blocking abaxial stomata caused non-stomatal limitation

关键词： Photosynthesis leaf adaxial/abaxial side stomata leaf structure maize sorghum

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RING-box proteins regulate leaf senescence and stomatal closure via repression of ABA transporter gene ABCG40

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第5期64卷 979-994页

作者： Yun Qi Wei Jun Jie Yuan Chen Chen Xiao Gui Xin Li Jing Ying Yan Shao Jian Zheng Zhong Jie Ding State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Agricultural Experimental Station Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Plant hormone abscisic acid(ABA)plays an indispensable role in the control of leaf senescence,during which ABA signaling depends on its biosynthesis.Nevertheless,the role of ABA transport in leaf senescence remains unknown.Here,we identified two novel RING-box protein-encoding genes UBIQUITIN LIGASE of SENESCENCE 1 and2(ULS1 and ULS2)involved in leaf senescence.Lack of ULS1 and ULS2 accelerates leaf senescence,which is specifically promoted by ABA treatment.Furthermore,the expression of senescence-related genes is significantly affected in mature leaves of uls1/uls2 double mutant(versus wild type(WT))in an ABA-dependent manner,and the ABA content is substantially increased.ULS1 and ULS2 are mainly expressed in the guard cells and aging leaves,and the expression is induced by ABA.Further RNA-seq and quantitative proteomics of ubiquitination reveal that ABA transporter ABCG40 is highly expressed in uls1/uls2 mutant versus WT,though it is not the direct target of ULS1/2.Finally,we show that the acceleration of leaf senescence,the increase of leaf ABA content,and the promotion of stomatal closure in uls1/usl2 mutant are suppressed by abcg40 loss-of-function mutation.These results indicate that ULS1 and ULS2 function in feedback inhibition of ABCG40-dependent ABA transport during ABA-induced leaf senescence and stomatal closure.

关键词： ABA Arabidopsis E3 ligase leaf senescence stomata transport

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YODA-HSP90 Module Regulates Phosphorylation-Dependent Inactivation of SPEECHLESS to Control stomatal Development under Acute Heat Stress in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2020年第4期13卷 612-633页

作者： Despina Samakovli Tereza Ticha Tereza Vavrdova Miroslav Ovecka Ivan Luptovciak Veronika Zapletalova Anna Kucharova Pavel Krenek Yuliya Krasylenko Theoni Margaritopoulou Loukia Roka Dimitra Milioni George Komis Polydefkis Hatzopoulos Jozef Samaj Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucSlechtitelu 27Olomouc 78371Czech Republic Molecular Biology Laboratory Agricultural University of Athenslera Odos 75Athens 11855Greece Present address:Laboratory of Mycology Department of PhytopathologyBenaki Phytopathological Institute8st.Delta str.GR-14561 KifissiaAtticaGreece

stomatal ontogenesis,patterning,and function are hallmarks of environmental plant adaptation,especially to conditions limiting plant growth,such as elevated temperatures and reduced water availability.The specification and distribution of a stomatal cell lineage and its terminal differentiation into guard cells require a master regulatory protein phosphorylation cascade involving the YODA mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase.YODA signaling results in the activation of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASEs(MPK3 and MPK6),which regulate transcription factors,including SPEECHLESS(SPCH).Here,we report that acute heat stress affects the phosphorylation and deactivation of SPCH and modulates stomatal density.By using complem entary molecular,genetic,biochemical,and cell biology approaches,we provide solid evidence that HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 90(HSP90s)play a crucial role in transducing heat-stress response through the YODA cascade.Genetic studies revealed that YODA and HSP90.1 are epistatic,and they likely function linearly in the same developmental pathway regulating stomata formation.HSP90s interact with YODA,affectits cellular polarization,and modulate the phosphorylation of downstream targets,such as MPK6 and SPCH,under both normal and heat-stress conditions.Thus,HSP90-mediated specification and differentiation of the stomatal cell lineage couples stomatal development to environmental cues,providing an adaptive heat stress response mechanism in plants.

关键词： stomata HSP90 MAPK heat stress Arabidopsis

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LOWER TEMPERATURE 1 Enhances ABA Responses and Plant Drought Tolerance by Modulating the Stability and Localization of C2-Domain ABA-Related Proteins in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2019年第9期12卷 1243-1258页

作者： Tao Qin Qiuzhen Tian Guifeng Wang Liming Xiong College of Grassland Agriculture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsCollege of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina Texas A&M Agrilife Research Center DallasTXUSA State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Chinese University of Hong KongMa Liu ShuiHong KongChina

Plasma membrane-associated abscisic acid(ABA)signal transduction is an integral part of ABA signaling.The C2-domain ABA-related(CAR)proteins play important roles in the recruitment of ABA receptors to the plasma membrane to facilitate ABA signaling.However,how CAR proteins are regulated remains unclear.In this study,we conducted a genetic screen for mutants with altered leaf transpiration and identified an uncharacterized protein,LOWER TEMPERATURE 1(LOT1),which regulates the dynamic localization and stability of CAR proteins.The lotimutant had a lower leaf temperature as compared with the wild type due to higher transpiration.We found that LOT1 physically interacts with CAR9,and ABA reduces LOT1-CAR9 interaction in the nucleus,likely via Ca^2+,resulting in increased localization of CAR9 to the plasma membrane.We further found that the stability of CAR9 is affected by LOT1 less CAR9 proteins were accumulated and more were ubiquitinated in lot1.While the lot1 car9 and/of f car9 mutants were hyposerisitive to ABA,the hyposensitive phenotype of loticould be rescued by CAR9 overexpression.Collectively,our study reveals that LOT1 regulates plant tolerance to drought stress by affecting ABA signaling through regulating the stability and dynamic localization of CAR9.

关键词： LOT1 CAR9 Drought tolerance ABA signaling stomata transpiration

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Photorespiration Is Crucial for Dynamic Response of Photosynthetic Metabolism and stomatal Movement to Altered C02 Availability

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Molecular Plant 2017年第1期10卷 47-61页

作者： Marion Eisenhut Andrea Brautigam Stefan Timm Alexandra Florian Takayuki Tohge Alisdair R. Fernie Hermann Bauwe Andreas P.M. Weber Institute of Plant Biochemistry Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences Heinrich Heine University 40225 Dusseldorf Germany Department of Plant Physiology University of Rostock Albert-Einstein-StraBe 3 18051 Rostock Germany Department of Molecular Physiology Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Present address: IPK Gatersleben Network Analysis and Modeling Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Seeland Germany

The photorespiratory pathway or photorespiration is an essential process in oxygenic photosynthetic or- ganisms, which can reduce the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and is hence frequently considered as a wasteful process. By comparing the response of the wild-type plants and mutants impaired in photorespiration to a shift in ambient C02 concentrations, we demonstrate that photorespiration also plays a beneficial role during short-term acclimation to reduced C02 availability. The wild-type plants re- sponded with few differentially expressed genes, mostly involved in drought stress, which is likely a conse- quence of enhanced opening of stomata and concomitant water loss upon a shift toward low C02. In contrast, mutants with impaired activity of photorespiratory enzymes were highly stressed and not able to adjust stomatal conductance to reduced external C02 availability. The transcriptional response of mutant plants was congruent, indicating a general reprogramming to deal with the consequences of reduced C02 availability, signaled by enhanced oxygenation of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate and amplified by the artificially impaired photorespiratory metabolism. Central in this reprogramming was the pro- nounced reallocation of resources from growth processes to stress responses. Taken together, our results indicate that unrestricted photorespiratory metabolism is a prerequisite for rapid physiological acclimation to a reduction in C02 availability.

关键词： photorespiration starvation stress stomata transcription Arabidopsis thaliana

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A Sophisticated Network of Signaling Pathways Regulates stomatal Defenses to Bacterial Pathogens

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Molecular Plant 2015年第4期8卷 566-581页

作者： Dominique Arnaud Ildoo Hwang Department of Life Sciences POSTECH Biotech Center Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang /90-/84 Korea

Guard cells are specialized cells forming stomatal pores at the leaf surface for gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. stomata have been shown to playan important role in plant defense as a part of the innate immune response. Plants actively close their stomata upon contact with microbes, thereby preventing pathogen entry into the leaves and the subsequent colonization of host tissues. In this review, we present current knowledge of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways implicated in stomatal defenses, with particular emphasis on plant-bacteria interactions. stomatal defense responses begin from the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs） and activate a signaling cascade involving the production of secondary messengers such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and calcium for the regulation of plasma membrane ion channels. The analyses on downstream molecular mechanisms implicated in PAMP-triggered stomatal closure have revealed extensive interplays among the components regulating hormonal signaling pathways. We also discuss the strategies deployed by pathogenic bacteria to counteract stomatal immunity through the example of the phytotoxin coronatine.

关键词： stomata immunity hydrogen peroxide nitric oxide calcium hormones

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Phosphorylation of Serine 186 of bHLH Transcription Factor SPEECHLESS Promotes stomatal Development in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2015年第5期8卷 783-795页

作者： Ke-Zhen Yang Min Jiang Ming Wang Shan Xue Ling-Ling Zhu Hong-Zhe Wang Jun-Jie Zou Eun-Kyoung Lee Fred Sack Jie Le Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences 20 Nanxincun Beijing 100093 China Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada

The initiation of stomatal lineage and subsequent asymmetric divisions in Arabidopsis require the activity of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SPEECHLESS （SPCH）. It has been shown that SPCH controls entry into the stomatal lineage as a substrate either of the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE （MAPK） cascade or GSK3-1ike kinase BRASSlNOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 （BIN2）. Here we show that three serine residues of SPCH appear to be the primary phosphorylation targets of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases A;1 （CDKA;1） in vitro, and among them Serine 186 plays a crucial role in stomatal formation. Expression of an SPCH construct harboring a mutation that results in phosphorylation deficiencies on Serine 186 residue failed to rescue stomatal defects in spch null mutants. Expression of a phosphorylation-mimic mutant SPCHS186D complemented stomatal production defects in the transgenic lines harboring the targeted expression of dominant-negative CDKA;1.N146. Therefore, in addition to MAPK- and BIN2-mediated phos- phorylation on SPCH, phosphorylation at Serine 186 is positively required for SPCH function in regulating stomatal development.

关键词： Arabidopsis stomata development transcription factor phosphorylation

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Study of Spectral Response Characteristics of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) to Particulate Matters Based on Hyper-Spectral Technique

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第3期90卷 1015-1030页

作者： Lijuan Kong Haiye Yu Zhaojia Piao Meichen Chen Jingmin Dang Lei Zhang Yuanyuan Sui College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education China)Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China

Haze is mainly caused by the suspended particulate matters in the air,of which the particulate matters pollution harms leaf vegetables.In this paper,oilseed rapes at four different growing periods were investigated in a simulated particulate pollution environment.In combination of hyper-spectral technology and micro examination,the response of hyper-spectral characteristics of the leaf to particulate matters was investigated in-depth.The hyperspectral,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of leaf were obtained.The deposition and adsorption of particulate matters on the leaf were observed by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope(ESEM).Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),modified red edge normalized(mNDVI705)and modified red edge simple ratio index(mSR705)were selected as characteristic parameters and the range of 510 nm~620 nm as the sensitive band.16 methods were used to establish the physiological information inversion model.The main results were as follows:Under the influence of particulate matters,the spectral reflectance decreased as a whole.With the increase of leaf age,the phenomenon of blue shift aggravated.The amplitude of yellow and blue edge decreased with overall decreasing vegetation indices.The furrows and irregular band protrusions in leaves were favorable for keeping particulate matters.With longer affecting time and more deposition of particle matters on the leaf,the stomatal opening became smaller.After comparing,principal component regression(PCR)+multiple scatter correction(MSC)+second derivative(SD)+Savitzky-Golay smooth(SG),and partial least square(PLS)+multiple scatter correction(MSC)+first derivative(FD)+Savitzky-Golay smooth(SG)were determined the best method to establish the inversion model of chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate respectively.This study may bring novel ideas for the diagnosis and analysis of the physiological response of leaf vegetables under particulate matters pollution using hyper-spectral technology.

关键词： Particulate matter hyper-spectral technique oilseed rape chlorophyll content net photosynthetic rate stomata inversion model

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NRGA1, a Putative Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier, Mediates ABA Regulation of Guard Cell Ion Channels and Drought Stress Responses in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第10期7卷 1508-1521页

作者： Chun-Long Li Mei Wang Xiao-Yan Ma Wei Zhang Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation Ministry of Education School of Life Science Shandong UniversityJinan 250100 China

Abscisic acid （ABA） regulates ion channel activity and stomatal movements in response to drought and other stresses. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene NRGA1 is a putative mitochondrial pyruvate carrier which negatively regulates ABA-induced guard cell signaling. NRGA1 transcript was abundant in the A. thaliana leaf and par- ticularly in the guard cells, and its product was directed to the mitochondria. The heterologous co-expression of NRGA1 and AtMPC1 in yeast complemented a loss-of-function mitochondrial pyruvate carrier （MPC） mutant. The nrgal loss-of- function mutant was very sensitive to the presence of ABA in the context of stomatal movements, and exhibited a height- ened tolerance to drought stress. Disruption of NRGA1 gene resulted in increased ABA inhibition of inward K＋ currents and ABA activation of slow anion currents in guard cells. The nrgal/NRGA1 functional complementation lines restored the mutant＇s phenotypes. Furthermore, transgenic lines of constitutively overexpressing NRGA1 showed opposite stomatal responses, reduced drought tolerance, and ABA sensitivity of guard cell inward K＋ channel inhibition and anion channel activation. Our findings highlight a putative role for the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in guard cell ABA signaling in response to drought.

关键词： NRGAI mitochondrial pyruvate carrier ABA guard cell stomata inward K＋ channel slow anion channel drought stress.

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