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Mechanism of action,benefits,and research gap in fermented soybean meal utilization as a high-quality protein source for livestock and poultry

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 130-146页

作者： Modinat T.Lambo Haokai Ma Haosheng Zhang Peng Song Hongxiang Mao Guowen Cui Baisheng Dai Yang Li Yonggen Zhang College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Wilmar(Shanghai)Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co. LtdShanghai 200137China College of Electrical Engineering and Information Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

Animal nutritionists have incessantly worked towards providing livestock with high-quality plant protein feed *** meal(SBM)has been an essential and predominantly adopted vegetable protein source in livestock feeding for a long time;however,several SBM antinutrients could potentially impair the animal's performance and growth,limiting its *** processing methods have been employed to remove SBM antinutrients,including fermentation with fungal or bacterial *** to the literature,fermentation,a traditional food processing method,could improve SBM's nutritional and functional properties,making it more suitable and beneficial to *** current interest in health-promoting functional feed,which can enhance the growth of animals,improve their immune system,and promote physiological benefits more than conventional feed,coupled with the ban on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters,has caused a renewed interest in the use of fermented SBM(FSBM)in livestock *** review details the mechanism of SBM fermentation and its impacts on animal health and discusses the recent trend in the application and emerging advantages to livestock while shedding light on the research gap that needs to be critically addressed in future *** appears to be a multifunctional high-quality plant protein source for *** removing soybean antinutrients,beneficial bioactive peptides and digestive enzymes are produced during fermentation,providing probiotics,antioxidants,and immunomodulatory *** aspects regarding FSBM feeding to animals remain uncharted,such as the duration of fermentation,the influence of feeding on digestive tissue development,choice of microbial strain,and possible environmental impact.

关键词： soybean meal Protein feed Fermentation Microorganism Livestock

Optimization of Solid-State Fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis and Aspergillus oryzae for Trypsin Inhibitor Degradation in soybean meal

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第5期12卷 869-876页

作者： GAO You-ling WANG Cai-sheng ZHU Qiu-hua QIAN Guo-ying Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Nutrition and Physiology College of Biological and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Wanli Univerisity

The aim of the present study was to optimize trypsin inhibitor degradation in soybean meal by solid-state fermentation （SSF） with Lactobacillus brevis and Aspergillus oryzae, and to determine the effect of SSF on phytic acid, crude protein, crude fat, and amino acid profile. Response surface methodology （RSM） with Box-Behnken design was used to optimize SSF. The optimal conditions derived from RSM for L. brevis fermentation were： pH=5. 1; inoculum size=10%; duration=72 h; substrate to water ratio=1.5. The minimum content of trypsin inhibitors was 6.4 mg g^-1 dry matter. The optimal conditions derived from RSM for A. oryzae fermentation were： substrate to water ratio= 0.8 1; inoculum size=4%; duration=120 h. The minimum content of trypsin inhibitors was 1.6 mg g^-1 dry matter. Both L. brevis and A. oryzae decreased trypsin inhibitors dramatically （57.1 and 89.2% respectively）. L. brevis fermentation did not affect phytic acid （0.4%） and crude fat （5.2%） considerably, whereas A. oryzae fermentation degraded phytic acid （34.8%） and crude fat （22.0%） contents to a certain extent. Crude protein content was increased after both fermentation （6.4 and 12.9% for L. brevis and A. oryzae respectively）. Urease activity was reduced greatly （83.3 and 58.3% for L. brevis and A. oryzae respectively）. In conclusion, SSF with A. oryzae and L. brevis reduced trypsin inhibitor content and modified major macronutrients in soybean meal.

关键词： Aspergillus oryzae Lactobacillus brevis response surface methodology solid-state fermentation soybean meal trypsin inhibitors

Effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal with dried distillers grains with solubles on the microbiota occupying different ecological niches in the rumen of growing Hu lambs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 677-688页

作者： Junshi Shen Zhipeng Li Zhongtang Yu Weiyun Zhu Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal HealthCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Institute of Special Animal and Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130112China Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Background:Diet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota,and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches(REN).This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)with dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS)on the rumen microbiota occupying different REN of growing Hu *** a 9-week feeding trial,6 lambs from each dietary treatment(SBM ***-based diets)were slaughtered for sample *** microbiota of the rumen solid,liquid,and epithelium fractions was examined using amplicon sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene,functional prediction,and ***:No interaction of dietary protein source(PS)and REN were detected for virtually all the measurements made in this *** DDGS substitution resulted in very limited influence on bacterial community ***,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences varied greatly between SBM-and DDGS-based *** populations of rumen total bacteria,fungi,sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB),and methanogens were not influenced by DDGS substitution,but the population of protozoa was *** bacterial communities in rumen solid(RS)and liquid(RL)were similar in taxonomic composition but were different in relative abundance of some *** contrast,the bacterial composition and relative abundance of rumen epithelium(RE)were greatly distinct from those of the RS and the *** alignment with the bacterial relative abundance,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA genes also varied greatly among the different *** populations of total bacteria,protozoa,and methanogens attached to the RE were smaller than those in the RS and RL,and the fungal population on the rumen epitheliumwas smaller than that in the RS but similar to that in the *** the contrary,the SRB population on the RE was greater than that in the RS and ***:Substitution of SBM with DDGS had greater impact to the protozoa than to the other microbes,and

关键词： Distillers dried grains with solubles Growing lamb Microbiota Ruminal ecological niche soybean meal

Improving flesh quality of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)by completely replacing dietary soybean meal with yellow mealworm(Tenebrio molitor)

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 375-387页

作者： Handong Li Rongrong Xue Jian Sun Hong Ji College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China

In order to find viable alternative protein sources for aquaculture,we evaluated the effect of partial or complete replacement of dietary soybean meal with yellow mealworm(TM)on the flesh quality of grass *** this study,180 grass carp(511.85±0.25 g)were fed 3 experimental diets in which 0%(CN),30%(YM30)and 100%(YM100)dietary soybean meal was replaced by TM for 90 *** results showed that growth performance,biological parameters and serum antioxidant capacity of grass carp were not affected by dietary TM(P>0.05).Both muscle and whole body crude protein were obviously promoted with the increase of dietary TM(P0.05),indicating that food safety was not influenced by *** TM improved muscle textural characteristics by elevating adhesiveness,springiness and chewiness in YM100(Psoybean meal and improve the nutritional value of grass carp.

关键词： Grass carp soybean meal Yellow mealworm Flesh quality Metabolomics

Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)fed 60%soybean meal-based diets using NMR-based metabolomics

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 45-61页

作者： Fabio Casu Aaron M.Watson Justin Yost T.Gibson Gaylord Daniel W.Bearden Michael R.Denson Marine Resources Research Institute South Carolina Department of Natural Resources217 Fort Johnson RoadCharlestonSC 29412USA Bozeman Fish Technology Center United States Fish and Wildlife Service4050 Bridger Canyon RoadBozemanMT 59715USA Marine Biochemical Sciences Group Chemical Sciences DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyHollings Marine Laboratory331 Fort Johnson RoadCharlestonSC 29412USA National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) Hollings Marine Laboratory331 Fort Johnson RoadCharlestonSC 29412USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) Hollings Marine Laboratory331 Fort Johnson RoadCharlestonSC 29412USA

A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal(SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate(FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets(named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B12(0.012 mg/kg), folate(10 mg/kg), methionine(1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet(named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet(named FWS) with methionine supplementation(1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet(named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet(named SBM60), and a “natural” diet(named N) made up of equal parts of fish(cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues(liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based *** results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics(P<0.05). FIGLU was not detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets(P<0.05), suggesting that among the different supplementatio

关键词： Aquaculture Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance Red drum soybean meal N-Formimino-L-glutamate

Assessment of black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)larvae meal as a potential substitute for soybean meal on growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 425-449页

作者： Zechao Hu Handong Li Sha Liu Rongrong Xue Jian Sun Hong Ji College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina

A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of black soldier fly larvae meal(BSFLM)as a replacement for soybean meal(SM)on growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp.A total of 420grass carp(299.93±0.85 g)were randomly divided into 7 groups(triplicate)and fed 7 diets with SM substitution of 0%(SM,control),15%(BSFLM15),30%(BSFLM30),45%(BSFLM45),60%(BSFLM60),75%(BSFLM75)and 100%(BSFLM100)by *** growth performance of grass carp in the BSFLM75 and BSFLM100 groups were significantly lower compared to other groups(P<0.05).The mid-gut villus height was the lowest in the BSFLM100 group(P<0.05).Muscle nutritional value was improved due to increased DHA(docosahexaenoic acid),EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid),total HUFA(highly unsaturated fatty acids)and glycine levels,and reached the optimum in the BSFLM100 group(P<0.05).According to the results of principal component analysis and weight analysis of muscle texture and body color,all the BSFLM diets except BSFLM15 could improve muscle texture and body color and reached the optimum level in the BSFLM100 *** drip loss and hypoxanthine content were the lowest and muscle antioxidant capacity was the highest in the BSFLM75 group,and water-and salt-soluble protein contents reached the optimum level in the BSFLM60 group(P<0.05).Dietary BSFLM significantly reduced muscle fiber area and diameter,and increased muscle fiber density and the proportion of small fiber(diameter<20μm)(P<0.05).Additionally,sarcomere lengths in the BSFLM75 and BSFLM100 groups were significantly higher than that in the SM group(P<0.05).The m RNA relative expression levels of Myo D,Myf5,My HC and FGF6b were remarkably up-regulated at an appropriate dietary BSFLM level(P<0.05).In conclusion,BSFLM could replace up to 60%SM without an adverse effect on growth performance and improve the flesh quality of grass *** optimum levels of dietary BSFLM were 71.0 and 69.1 g/kg diet based on the final body weight and feed conversion ratio.T

关键词： Grass carp Black soldier fly larvae meal soybean meal Growth performance Flesh quality

Estimate of the energy value of soybean meal relative to corn based on growth performance of nursery pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 912-919页

作者： Henrique S.Cemin Hayden E.Williams Mike D.Tokach Steve S.Dritz Jason C.Woodworth Joel M.DeRouchey Robert D.Goodband Kyle F.Coble Brittany A.Carrender Mandy J.Gerhart Department of Animal Sciences and Industry College of AgricultureKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA JBS USA GreeleyCO 80634USA

Background:Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing amounts of soybean meal(SBM)in swine diets and estimate the energy value of ***:A total of 2233 pigs(PIC 337×1050,Hendersonville,TN)and 3796 pigs(PIC 359×C40),initially 11.0 kg and 17.6 kg body weight(BW),were used in Exp.1 and 2,*** Exp.1,pigs were placed in 92 pens each containing 20 to 27 *** Exp.2,pigs were placed in 84 pens each containing 37 to 43 *** were assigned in a randomized complete block design with BW as the blocking *** treatments consisted of 21%,27%,33%,or 39%SBM in Exp.1 and 17.5%,22%,26.5%,31%,35.5%,or 40%SBM in Exp.2,obtained by changing the inclusion rate of feed-grade amino acids and corn *** Exp.1,representative samples of corn grain,SBM,and distillers dried grains with solubles were analyzed for total AA content prior to diet *** Exp.2,diets were formulated using NRC(2012)nutrient *** diets were fed for 21 and 22 d(Exp.1 and 2)and there were 23 replicates in Exp.1 and 14 replicates in *** were weighed and feed disappearance measured weekly to calculate average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),gain-to-feed ratio(G:F),and caloric efficiency(CE).Data were analyzed with block as a random effect and treatment as a fixed effect,and contrasts were constructed to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing ***:In Exp.1,there was a tendency(linear,P=0.092)for a decrease in ADFI as SBM *** was a tendency(P=0.090)for a quadratic response for ADG,with a decrease in ADG observed with 39%SBM *** fed diets with increasing SBM had a tendency(quadratic,P=0.069)for an increase in G:F up to 33%SBM and an improvement(linear,P=0.001;quadratic,P=0.063)in CE with increasing *** CE to estimate the energy of SBM relative to corn,a value of 105.4%of corn energy or 2816 kcal/kg NE was determined using all data *** removing the CE value

关键词： Caloric efficiency Energy soybean meal Swine

Determination of the available energy,standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 259-268页

作者： Tengfei He Yuhui Zheng Xiangshu Piao Shenfei Long State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Three experiments were conducted to compare the digestible(DE),metabolizable energy(ME),and standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of amino acids(AA)in fermented corn germ meal(FCGM)and soybean meal(SBM),and evaluate the effects of FCGM replacing SBM in growing pig *** Exp.1,18 barrows with initial body weight(BW)of 60.2±3.40 kg were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per *** control diet used corn as the only energy ingredient,and 2 test diets were made by replacing 25.8%of corn with FCGM or *** DE and ME of FCGM were less(P<0.01)than those of *** Exp.2,18 barrows(59.3±2.52 kg BW)with ileal T-cannulas were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per *** SID of arginine,tryptophan and proline were greater(P<0.05)and the tyrosine was less(P=0.01)in SBM compared with *** Exp.3,144 growing pigs(56.1±5.22 kg BW)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 pens per treatment(3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen).Four diets(FCGM0,FCGM10,FCGM20 and FCGM30)were formulated using FCGM to replace 0%,10%,20%and 30%of SBM,*** ME and SID values of AA of SBM and FCGM were determined by Exp.1 and *** showed that increasing FCGM inclusion quadratically(P<0.05)increased the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake,and the levels of serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)and urea nitrogen,and linearly(P<0.05)increased the serum IgM,the propanoic acid,butyric acid,total volatile fatty acid(VFA)and the Shannon index of microbiota in ***,the relative abundance of genus Streptococcus in FCGM0,Lactobacillus in FCGM10 and Lachnospiraceae in FCGM30 were increased(P<0.05)compared with other *** conclusion,we recommend replacing 11.80%of SBM with FCGM to obtain the optimal ADG of growing ***,as the ratio of FCGM replacing SBM increased in diet,the immunity,intestinal microbiota and total VFA composition of growing pigs were improved.

关键词： Available energy Amino acid digestibility Fermented corn germ meal soybean meal Growing pig

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 362-373页

作者： Ke Wang Ya Wang Lei Guo Yong Zhuo Lun Hua Lianqiang Che Shengyu Xu Ruinan Zhang Jian Li Bin Feng Zhengfeng Fang Xuemei Jiang Yan Lin De Wu Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‑Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural University211 Huimin RoadWenjiang DistrictChengdu 611130SichuanChina

Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant *** solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were *** Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N *** non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in *** gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation *** When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM *** SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation *** findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.

关键词： Amino acids Sows soybean meal Standardized ileal digestibility